• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2540-2545
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a novel method to extract appendix from ultrasound image automatically to avoid such subjectivity issue. In the process, we apply a series of image processing algorithms such as Ends_in search stretching for emphasizing brightness contrast and binarization, region labelling, and cubic spline interpolation for extracting lower bound fasicia line that is the base of extracting the appendix. Knowing that the appendix is located at the lower organ area below the bottom fascia line, we conduct a series of image processing techniques to find the fascia line correctly. And then we apply ART2 algorithm to the organ area in order to extract appendix accurately. Through experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on the field experts' evaluations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.19-23
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• 2013

TIn this paper, we propose a novel fuzzy stretching method that adopts a triangle type fuzzy membership function to control the highest and lowest brightness limit dynamically. As an essential procedure to enhance the brightness contrast, stretching is an important procedure in color image processing. While popular Ends-in Search stretching method should be provided fixed minimum and maximum brightness threshold from experience, our proposed method determines them dynamically by fuzzy membership functions. The minimum and maximum limit is determined by computing the lowest and highest pixel value according to the membership degree of our designed triangle type membership function. The experiment shows that the proposed method result in far less skewed histogram than those of Ends-in Search stretching thus successfully verifies its effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1281-1285
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a method to extract the area of appendix from ultrasonographic image via computational vision. A series of image processing techniques such as Ends-in search stretching for enhancing the brightness contrast, block binarization, grassfire algorithm for extracting lower part of fascia, and fuzzy sigma binarization method to finalize the appendix area are used to achieve our goal. The strength of this paper is using fuzzy sigma binarization instead of other binarization technique to handle the sensitivity of extracting the target area from regio hypogastrica. The experiment verifies the efficacy of the proposed method successfully.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 세라믹 비파괴 검사를 이용하여 획득한 소재 영상에서 기존의 결함 검출 방법보다 결함 검출의 정확도를 개선하기 위한 개선된 결함 검출 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 결함 검출 방법은 명암 대비를 강조하기 위해 최소 명암도와 최대 명암도를 이용한 Ends-in Search Stretching 기법을 적용하여 비파괴 영상의 명암 대비를 강조한다. Stretching 기법이 적용된 영상에 $7{\times}7$ Sobel 마스크를 적용하여 비파괴 영상의 경계 영역을 추출하고, 영상의 잡음을 제거하기 위해 비등방성 필터링을 적용하여 영상을 보정한다. 보정된 영상에서 임계치 이진화 기법을 적용하여 경계 영역의 기울기를 계산하고, 계산된 기울기를 이용하여 비파괴 영상의 영역을 세분화한다. 세분화된 영역을 구분하기 위해 Grassfire Labeling 기법을 적용한다. Grassfire Labeling 기법이 적용된 영상을 Ends-in Search Stretching 기법이 적용된 비파괴 영상에 적용한 후에 대각선 이진화 기법을 적용한다. 이진화된 영상에서 형태학적 정보를 이용하여 잡음을 제거하고 결함을 검출한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 획득한 세라믹 소재 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 결함 검출 방법보다 더 효과적으로 소재의 결함을 추출할 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 비파괴 검사를 이용하여 획득한 세라믹 소재 영상에서 효율적으로 결함을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 세라믹 소재 영상에 비등방성 필터링 기법과 가우시안 필터링 기법을 반복 적용하여 잡음을 제거하고, Ends-in Search Stretching 기법을 적용하여 명암 대비를 강조한다. 명암 대비가 강조된 영상에 $7{\times}7$ Sobel 마스크를 적용하여 윤곽선을 추출한 후, 임계치 이진화 기법을 적용하여 영역을 세분화하기 위한 기울기를 계산한다. 계산된 기울기를 이용하여 영상을 세분화한 후에 Glassfire 기법을 적용한다. Glassfire 기법이 적용된 영상과 Ends-in Search Stretching 기법이 적용된 영상을 비교하여 중복되는 영역만을 추출한다. 추출된 영역에 퍼지 이진화 기법과 침식 연산을 적용하여 잡음을 제거하고 결함을 검출한다. 제안된 방법을 세라믹 소재 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 결함 검출 방법보다 효율적으로 결함이 검출되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a method to extract the external oblique muscle of abdomen images that is often excluded by previous method due to image distortion. In the preprocessing phase of the proposed method, we emphasize the brightness contrast with Ends-in search stretching algorithm after removing noise from the initial ultrasonic images. Then we apply average binarization in vertical direction to extract candidate fascia areas. After removing other areas than fascia with morphological characteristics, the lost part in the fascia during the process is restored with such characteristic information and location information. Then the skin area is also removed with information from the arc appearing in convex filming and the candidate muscle areas are extracted by overlapping two results two way up-down search algorithm. Another noise removing process is done to determine the muscle area. In case of obtaining obscure result, after restoring the muscle area by smearing method, the thickness of the muscle is measured by min square method. The experiment verifies that the proposed method is sufficiently effective to analyze the size and shape of muscles in abdomen in ultrasonography than previously used methods.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.175-190
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• 2019

In this paper, we provide results for the search number of the Cartesian product of graphs. We consider graphs on opposing ends of the spectrum: paths and cliques. Our main result determines the pathwidth of the product of cliques and provides a lower bound for the search number of the product of cliques. A consequence of this result is a bound for the search number of the product of arbitrary graphs G and H based on their respective clique numbers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2012

In rehabilitation where ultrasonographic diagnosis is not popular, it could be subjective by medical expert's experience. Thus, it is necessary to develop an objective automative procedure in ultrasonic image analysis. A disadvantage of existing automative analytic procedure in musculoskeletal system is to designate an incorrect muscle area when the figure of fascia is vague. In this study, we propose a new procedure to extract more accurate muscle area in abdomen ultrasonic image for that purpose. After removing unnecessary noise from input image, we apply End-in Search algorithm to enhance the contrast between fascia and muscle area. Then after extracting initial muscle area by Up-Down search, we trace the fascia area with a mask based on morphological and directional information. By this tracing of mask movements, we can emphasize the fascia area to extract more accurate muscle area in result. This new procedure is proven to be more effective than existing methods in experiment using convex ultrasound images that are used in real world rehabilitation diagnosis.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

In creative design, it is necessary to understand the characteristic of architectural design. In the world of design problem, a distinction can be made between those that are well-defined and those that are ill-defined. Well-defined problems are those for which the ends or goal, are already prescribed and apparent, their solution requires the provision of appropriate means. For ill-defined problems, on the other hand, both the ends and the means of solution are unknown at the outset of the problem solving exercise, at least in their entirety. Most of design problems is ill-defined, which is unknown at the beginning of the problem solving exercise. In order to solve the design problem, Designers take advantage of the search methods of problem space, such as global-search-methods(depth-first-methods, breath-first-methods), local-search-methods(generate and test, heuristics, hill-climbing, reasoning) and visual thinking, which is represented through sketching. Sketching is a real part of design reasoning and it does so through a special kind of visual imagery. Also in the design problem solving it have been an important means of problem exploration and solution generation. By sketching, they represent images held in the mind as well as makes graphic images which help generate mental images of entity that is being designed. The search methods of problem space and a visual thinking have been crucially considered in the architectural design. The purpose of this paper is to explore the property of design by means of the pre-existed-experiment data and literature research. The findings will help design the architectural design for more creative results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.303-304
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 충수염을 추출하고 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 충수염을 추출하는 과정은 복부 초음파 영상에서 End_in_search Stretching 기법, 블록 이진화, Grassfire, 팽창 연산을 이용하여 복부 근육의 최하단 근막 부분을 추출하여 제거한 후, 평균 이진화 기법을 적용하고 영상의 객체화 및 객체 제거를 통해 충수염을 추출한다. 제안된 방법을 복부 초음파 영상에 적용시킨 결과, 객관적이고 효율적으로 충수염이 추출됨을 확인할 수 있었다.