• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.117-120
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• 2003

A human Echinostoma hortense infection was diagnosed by gastroduodenoscopy. An 81-year-old Korean male, living in Yeongcheon-shi, Gyeongsangbuk-do and with epigastric discomfort of several days duration, was subjected to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. He was in the habit of eating fresh water fish. Two live worms were found in the duodenal bulb area and were removed using an endoscopic forcep. Based on their morphological characteristics, the worms were identified as E. hortense. The patient was treated with praziquantel 10 mg/kg as a single dose. The source of the infection in this case remains unclear, but the fresh water fish consumed, including the loach, may have been the source. This is the second case of E. hortense infection diagnosed by endoscopy in Korea.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2018

Recent advances in cholangiopancreatoscopy technology permit image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for pancreatobiliary diseases. There are limitations in endoscopy performance and in the study of the clinical role of IEE in bile duct or pancreatic duct diseases. However, currently available IEEs during cholangiopancreatoscopy including traditional dye-aided chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence imaging, narrow-band imaging, and i-Scan have been evaluated and reported previously. Although the clinical role of IEE in pancreatobiliary diseases should be verified in future studies, IEE is a useful promising tool in the evaluation of bile duct or pancreatic duct mucosal lesions.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Capsule endoscopy is a diagnostic method for evaluating the small bowel lumen and can detect undiagnosed lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with refractory diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain. Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, maintained in a database. Patients with refractory diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain within the period of March 2012 to March 2014 were included. Capsule endoscopy was used to detect small bowel pathologies in both groups. Results: Sixty-five patients (53.8% female) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and had a mean (${\pm}$standard deviation) age of $50.9{\pm}15.9$ years. Clinically significant lesions were detected via capsule endoscopy in 32.5% of the patients in the abdominal pain group and 54.5% of the patients in the diarrhea group. Overall, 48% of patients had small bowel pathologies detected during the capsule endoscopy study. Inflammatory lesions and villous atrophy were the most frequent lesions identified in 16.9% and 15.3% of patients in the abdominal pain and the diarrhea groups, respectively. Conclusions: Routine use of capsule endoscopy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome should not be recommended. However, in patients with refractory conditions, capsule endoscopy may identify abnormalities.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.527-533
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• 2018

There have been many advances in endoscopic imaging technologies. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is an innovative optical technology that enables the precise discrimination of structural changes on the mucosal surface. Several studies have demonstrated its usefulness and superiority for tumor detection and differential diagnosis in the stomach as compared with conventional endoscopy. Furthermore, magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging has the potential to predict the invasion depth and tumor margins during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. Classifications of the findings of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging based on microvascular and pit patterns have been proposed and have shown excellent correlations with invasion depth confirmed by microscopy. In terms of tumor margin prediction, magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging offers superior delineation of gastric tumor margins compared with traditional chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine. The limitations of narrow-band imaging, such as the need for considerable training, long procedure time, and lack of studies about its usefulness in undifferentiated cancer, should be resolved to confirm its value as a complementary method to endoscopic submucosal dissection. However, the role of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is expected to increase steadily with the increasing use of endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of gastric tumors.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2023

Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is an important tool for diagnosing and treating GI diseases in children. This study aimed to analyze the current GI endoscopy practice patterns among South Korean pediatric endoscopists. Methods: Twelve members of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition developed a questionnaire. The questionnaire was emailed to pediatric gastroenterologists attending general and tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Results: The response rate was 86.7% (52/60), and 49 of the respondents (94.2%) were currently performing endoscopy. All respondents were performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and 43 (87.8%) were performing colonoscopy. Relatively rare procedures for children, such as double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) (4.1%), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (2.0%), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) (2.0%), were only performed by pediatric gastroenterologists at very few centers, but were performed by adult endoscopists in most of the centers; of all the respondents, 83.7% (41/49) performed emergency endoscopy. In most centers, the majority of the endoscopies were performed under sedation, with midazolam (100.0%) and ketamine (67.3%) as the most frequently used sedatives. Conclusion: While most pediatric GI endoscopists perform common GI endoscopic procedures, rare procedures, such as DBE, ERCP, and EUS, are only performed by pediatric gastroenterologists at very few centers, and by adult GI endoscopists at most of the centers. For such rare procedures, close communication and cooperation with adult GI endoscopists are required.

• 전기의세계
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.21-23
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• 2002

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.513-526
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• 2018

White light imaging (WLI) may not reveal early upper gastrointestinal cancers. Linked color imaging (LCI) produces bright images in the distant view and is performed for the same screening indications as WLI. LCI and blue laser imaging (BLI) provide excellent visibility of gastric cancers in high color contrast with respect to the surrounding tissue. The characteristic purple and green color of metaplasias on LCI and BLI, respectively, serve to increase the contrast while visualizing gastric cancers regardless of a history of Helicobacter pylori eradication. LCI facilitates color-based recognition of early gastric cancers of all morphological types, including flat lesions or those in an H. pylori-negative normal background mucosa as well as the diagnosis of inflamed mucosae including erosions. LCI reveals changes in mucosal color before the appearance of morphological changes in various gastric lesions. BLI is superior to LCI in the detection of early esophageal cancers and abnormal findings of microstructure and microvasculature in close-up views of upper gastrointestinal cancers. Excellent images can also be obtained with transnasal endoscopy. Using a combination of these modalities allows one to obtain images useful for establishing a diagnosis. It is important to observe esophageal cancers (brown) using BLI and gastric cancers (orange) surrounded by intestinal metaplasia (purple) and duodenal cancers (orange) by LCI.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2001

목적: 소아의 위장관 이물은 일상 생활에서 흔히 경험하는 질환으로 대개의 경우는 합병증 없이 자연 배출된다. 저자들은 내시경과 Foley 도관을 이용한 위장관 이물 적출술에 관한 최근 경향을 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 1996년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 4년간 원주기독병원 소아과에 위장관 이물로 내원한 60례를 대상으로 하였으며 성별, 연령, 임상 증상, 이물의 종류와 위치, 이물의 치료 및 제거 방법, 합병증 등에 대하여 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 위장관 이물 환자의 연령은 7개월에서 13세까지였으며, 5세 이하가 57례(95.0%)를 차지하였으며, 남녀비는 1.07:1이었다. 임상 증상은 무증상이 45례(75.0%)로 가장 많았고 연하곤란 8례(13.3%), 인후통 5례(8.3%), 구토, 복부 불쾌감이 각각 1례(1.7%)였다. 이물의 종류는 동전이 43례(71.7%)로 가장 많았고 구슬, 바둑알, 반지 등이 각각 3례(5.0%), 수은 건전지가 2례(3.3%)였으며 그 외 금속 clip, 나사못, 커튼핀, 머리핀, 오디오 열쇠, 스티커 등이 각각 1례(1.7%)씩 있었다. 이물의 위치는 식도 31례(51.6%), 위 25례(41.7%), 소장 3례(5.0%), 인후 1례(1.7%)였고, 이 중 식도 이물은 경부식도 24례(40.0%), 원위식도 5례(8.3%), 흉부식도 2례(3.3%)에서 관찰되었다. 유연성 내시경적 이물 제거를 시행한 경우가 22례(36.7%)로 가장 많았고, Foley 도관을 이용한 경우가 18례(30.0%), Forcep를 이용한 경우가 1례(1.7%)였다. 18례(30.0%)에서는 자연 배출되었고, 1례(1.7%)에서는 수술을 시행하였다. 결론: 소아에서 상부 위장관 이물은 조기에 제거하여 이환율과 합병증을 감소시켜야 하며, 식도이물의 제거시 X-선 투시하의 Foley 도관과 내시경은 소아에서 안전하고, 효과적인 이물적출방법이다. 얇고, 날카로운 이물은 주위 깊은 관찰을 요하며, 하부 위장관에 위치시 장천공에 대한 주위 깊은 관찰을 요한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1407-1412
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• 2012

Background & Objectives: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both sexes in Iran. This study was designed to assess upper GI endoscopic findings among people > 50 years targeted in a mass screening program in a hot-point region. Methods: Based on the pilot results in Guilan Cancer Registry study (GCRS), one of the high point regions for GC-Lashtenesha- was selected. The target population was called mainly using two methods: in rural regions, by house-house direct referral and in urban areas using public media. Upper GI endoscopy was performed by trained endoscopists. All participants underwent biopsies for rapid urea test (RUT) from the antrum and also further biopsies from five defined points of stomach for detection of precancerous lesions. In cases of visible gross lesions, more diagnostic biopsies were taken and submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Results: Of 1,394 initial participants, finally 1,382 persons (702 women, 680 men) with a mean age of $61.7{\pm}9.0$ years (range: 50-87 years) underwent upper GI endoscopy. H. pylori infection based on the RUT was positive in 66.6%. Gastric adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus were detected in seven (0.5%) and one (0.07%) persons, respectively. A remarkable proportion of studied participants were found to have esophageal hiatal hernia (38.4%). Asymptomatic gastric masses found in 1.1% (15) of cases which were mostly located in antrum (33.3%), cardia (20.0%) and prepyloric area (20.0%). Gastric and duodenal ulcers were found in 5.9% (82) and 6.9% (96) of the screened population. Conclusion: Upper endoscopy screening is an effective technique for early detection of GC especially in high risk populations. Further studies are required to evaluate cost effectiveness, cost benefit and mortality and morbidity of this method among high and moderate risk population before recommending this method for the GC surveillance program at the national level.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2006

Bezoars are collections or concretions of indigestible foreign material that accumulate and coalesce in the gastrointestinal tract; they usually occur in patients who have undergone gastric surgery and have delayed gastric emptying. Treatment options include dissolution with enzymes, endoscopic fragmentation with removal or aspiration, and surgery. Recently, the efficacy of nasogastric lavage or endoscopic infusion of Coca-Cola for the dissolution of phytobezoar have been reported. We report a case of phytobezoar successfully treated by oral administration and endoscopic injection of Coca-Cola. A 62-year-old woman was referred to Yeungnam University Hospital for epigastric pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed one very large, dark-greenish, solid bezoar in the stomach with gastric ulcer and duodenal bulb deformity. We performed endoscopic injection of Coca-Cola into the bezoar. The patient was instructed to drink four liters of Coca-Cola per day. At endoscopy two days later, the phytobezoar was easily broken into pieces. At endoscopy on the $11^{th}$ day of admission, the phytobezoar was decreased in size and removed by endoscopic fragmentation with a polypectomy snare. At follow up endoscopy after 13 days, the bezoar was completely dissolved.