• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1347-1350
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer prognosis is influenced by several histopathology and clinical factors including expression of Ki67 which may have a predictive role in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess Ki67 expression in breast cancers without axillary lymph node involvement and to evaluate its prognostic value with regard to disease-free survival. Materials and Methods: Subjects were selected from non-metastatic invasive breast cancer patients who were referred to the oncology department of Ghaem hospital during 1 April 2001 to 1 April 2008. Ki67 levels were measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared with clinicopathological features. The relation of Ki67 expression with disease-free survival was also analysed. Results: A total of 106 women with a mean age of 49 were examined. Some 94.3% were classified as having invasive ductal carcinomas and the mean tumour diameter at the time of diagnosis was 2.8 cm. Some 50.9% of cases were ER positive and 47.2% were PR positive. P53 expression was positive in 48.1% of the cases. According to the IHC results, only 8.5% of the patients were Her2/neu positive. Ki67 was positive in 66 (62.3%) with a significant relation to lower age (p=0.0229) and P53 positivity (p=0.005). After an average of 40-months follow up, 13 (12.3%) demonstrated recurrence, most commonly systemic. Of 13 cases with relapse, 10 patients (77%) were Ki67 positive. Conclusions: In our population Ki67 appeared to be an independent prognostic factor for three-year survival. However, we stress that a survival study with a bigger sample size would help to support this conclusion.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2007

Gastric carcinoid tumor is a neoplasm that arises from enterochromaffine-like (ECL) cells in the gastric fundus. It is a rare disease that comprises less than 2% of all gastric neoplasms; however its incidence has been recently increasing. We experienced one case of gastric carcinoid tumor that was revealed to be multiple polypoid lesions. A 29-year-old female patient visited a hospital three years ago due to syncope. The blood hemoglobin was measured as 6.0 g/dl. Gastroscopy revealed multiple polypoid lesions with bleeding; therefore endoscopic clipping was performed. The polyps were diagnosed as carcinoid tumor via endoscopic biopsy. She was transferred to our hospital because of persistent iron deficiency anemia that was caused by bleeding at the gastric polyps. Gastroscopy revealed more than twenty various-sized polypoid lesions from the mid-body to the antrum. The blood hemoglobin level was 9.0g/dl. Total gastrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of gastric carcinoid tumor with bleeding. All of the gastric polyps were diagnosed as carcinoid tumors, and any metastasis to the regional lymph nodes was not found. Eighteen months after operation, the blood hemoglobin was increased to 12.8g/dl with no evidence of recurrence. Surgical resection should be considered for treating gastric carcinoid tumor with continuous bleeding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.9005-9008
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• 2014

Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading course of cancer death worldwide and H. pylori infection is an important risk factor for gastric cancer development. This study was design to evaluate the clinical, pathological features, survival rate and prevalence of H. pylori infection in gastric cancer in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Clinical information, histological features, endoscopic findings and H. pylori status were collected from gastric cancer patients from Thammasat university hospital during June 1996-December 2011. H. pylori infection was assessed by histological evaluation, rapid urease test and serological test. Clinical information, endoscopic findings and histopathology of all patients were recorded and compared between patients with active or non-active H. pylori infection. Results: A total of 100 gastric cancer patients (55 men and 45 women with mean age of $55{\pm}16.8years$) were enrolled in this study. Common presenting symptoms were dyspepsia (74%), weight loss (66%), anemia (63%) and anorexia (38%). Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 98 days. Overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 83% and active H. pylori infection was 40%. 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 43% and 0%. There was no significant difference between active H. pylori infection in different locations (proximal vs non-proximal: 47.1% vs 48.5%; P-value = 0.9, OR=0.9; 95%CI=0.3-3.1) and histology of gastric cancer (diffuse type vs intestinal type: 47.4% vs 50%; P-value = 0.8, OR=0.9, 95%CI=0.3-2.7). However, linitis plastica was significantly more common in non-active than active H. pylori infection (27.9% vs 0%; P-value<0.0001, OR=13.3, 95%CI=3.2-64.5). Moreover, gastric cancer stage 4 was higher in non-active than active H. pylori infection (93% vs 50%, P-value<0.001). Conclusions: Prevalence of H. pylori infection in Thai gastric cancer patients was high but active infection was low. Most gastric cancer patients presented in advance stage and had a grave prognosis. Screening for gastric cancer in high risk individuals might be an appropriate tool for early detection and improve the treatment outcome for this particular disease in Thailand.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2017

Purpose: Crohn's disease (CD) can involve any site of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, the characteristics of upper GIT involvement in CD are unclear, especially in the Eastern pediatric population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of upper GIT involvement and identify the clinical features of Korean children with CD. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study that included 52 pediatric patients with CD who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy. The clinical symptoms and endoscopic and histologic features of the upper GIT were identified according to the presence or absence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: Among the 52 patients, upper GIT involvement was noted in 50.0% (26/52). The mean age at CD diagnosis was $14.1{\pm}2.1$ years. Gastric ulcer was the most common lesion (19.2%) found on upper GIT endoscopy, followed by duodenal ulcers (15.4%). Chronic inflammation was the most common histopathologic feature (75.0%), followed by gastric erosion (17.3%). Granuloma was found in 9.6% of patients. Helicobacter pylori infection was identified in 5.8% of patients. Endoscopic and histologic findings were not significantly different, but the mean values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate ($60.7{\pm}27.1$ vs. $43.0{\pm}27.6mm/h$, p=0.037) and C-reactive protein ($16.5{\pm}28.2$ vs. $6.62{\pm}13.4mg/dL$, p=0.014) were significantly different between patients with and without upper gastrointestinal CD symptoms. Conclusion: Upper GIT involvement was relatively common in pediatric patients with CD irrespective of upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and H. pylori infection was relatively uncommon. The results of this study should aid the establishment of regional guidelines for upper GIT examination.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.185-194
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• 2014

One in every 10 persons suffer from chronic gastritis in Korea. Endoscopy is most commonly used to diagnose the chronic gastritis. Endoscopic diagnosis is precise but it is accompanied with pain and high cost. According to pulse diagnosis in Traditional East Asian Medicine, health problems in stomach can be diagnosed with radial pulse signals in 'Guan' location in the right wrist, which are non-invasive and cost-effective. In this study, we developed a classification model of chronic gastritis using pulse signals in right 'Guan' location. We used both linear discrimination method and logistic regression model with respect to pulse features obtained with a peak-valley detection algorithm and a Gaussian model. As a result, we obtained sensitivity ranged between 77%~89% and specificity ranged between 72%~83% depending on classification models and feature extraction methods, and the average classification rates were approximately 80%, irrespective of the models. Specifically, the Gaussian model were featured by superior sensitivities (89.1% and 87.5%) while the peak-valley detection method showed superior specificities (82.8% and 81.3%), and the average classification rate (sensitivity + specificity) of the Gaussian model was 80.9% which was 1.2% ahead of the peak-valley method. In conclusion, we obtained a reliable classification model for the chronic gastritis based on the radial pulse feature extraction algorithms, where the Gaussian model was featured by outperformed sensitivity and the peak-valley method was featured by outperformed specificity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.438-441
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• 2011

A 7-year-old castrated, domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 2-year history of chronic nasal discharge and sneezing. Upon presentation, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and stertorous respiration were marked. Physical examination revealed a tachypnea. Oral examination was unremarkable and chest radiology was normal. Findings of nasal cytology and skull radiology were not specific and further imaging technique, endoscopic examination and histopathology was performed for a definite diagnosis. Fluid, and/or soft tissue opacity was found in bilateral nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal regions and right side tympanic bulla through the CT scan. No evidence of neoplasia was revealed. A rigid rhinoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy and otoscopy was used for the visualization of the lesions and tissue biopsy biopsy was performed for histopathology. On histopathological examination, the nasal mass consisted mainly of large numbers of plasma cells and lymphocytes. And the final diagnosis was lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis based on histopathologic examination. Long term management with oral cyclosporine (5 mg/kg, BID) was safe and successful in this cat. This is the first case report described clinical and diagnostic characteristic features of feline lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis and its clinical outcome using oral cyclosporine in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6997-7005
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• 2013

Aim: To present an epidemiological and histological perspective of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including liver and biliary tract) at the Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, AKUH, Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: All consecutive endoscopic biopsies and resections between October 1 and December 31, 2012 were included. Results: A total of 2,323 cases were included. Carcinoma was overwhelmingly the commonest diagnosis on esophageal biopsies (69.1%); chronic helicobacter gastritis (45.6%) followed by adenocarcinoma (23.5%) were the commonest diagnoses on gastric biopsies; adenocarcinoma (27.3%) followed by ulcerative colitis (13.1%) were the commonest diagnoses on colonic biopsies; acute appendicitis (59.1%) was the commonest diagnosis on appendicectomy specimens; chronic viral hepatitis (44.8%) followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (23.4%) were the commonest diagnoses on liver biopsies; chronic cholecystitis was the commonest diagnosis (over 89%) on cholecystectomy specimens. Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma comprised 88.8% of esophageal cancers. About 67% were in the lower third and 56.5% were moderately differentiated; mean ages 49.8 years for females and 55.8 years for males; 66% cases were from South West Pakistan. Over 67% patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were males; mean ages 59 and 44 years in males and females respectively, about 74% gastric carcinomas were poorly differentiated; and 62.2% were located in the antropyloric region. About 63% patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were males; mean ages 46.1 and 50.5 years for males and females respectively; tumor grade was moderately differentiated in 54%; over 80% were located in the left colon. In 21.2% appendicectomies, no acute inflammation was found. Acute appendicitis was most common in young people. Hepatitis C (66.3%) was more common than hepatitis B (33.7%); about 78% cases of hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in males; females comprised 76.7% patients with chronic cholecystitis; and 77.8% patients with gall bladder carcinoma. All resection specimens showed advanced cancers. Most cancers occurred after the age of 50 years.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2001

Purpose: Many diagnostic modalities for neonatal cholestasis have shown features that are helpful, however until recently none of them are not pathognomonic of biliary atresia (BA). We carried out a prospective study of infants with cholestatic jaundice with the aim of establishing an efficient method of diagnosing BA. Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive infants with cholestatic jaundice were enrolled in this study and ranged from 7 to 152 days in age (mean; $51.2{\pm}34.2$ days). Gastroduodenoscopy was carried out using a fiberscope (Olympus N30). All the babies were fasted for at least 4 hours before the procedure and 20 ml of 10% dextrose solution was given at the time of endoscopy. The endoscopic examination focused on the 5 minutes observation of the evidence of biliary secretion. If there was lack of the evidence of the biliary secretion, endoscopy was removed and repeated the examination with some pause. Results: There are lack of the evidence of biliary secretion in all infants with BA. In non-BA group, 8 out of the 10 infants showed biliary secretion on the first trial, however one (Alagille syndrome) of the two infants without evidence of biliary secretion, finally exhibited biliary secretion on the second trial. The above observations resulted in the diagnostic accuracy of 96.3% with 100.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. Conclusion: In light of the results from our relatively small study, endoscopy is a convenient, and relative inexpensive procedure. we strongly support the use of endoscopy for the diagnosis of BA in the screening and evaluation of infantile cholestasis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical features and complication such as esophageal stricture in children with corrosive esophagitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 31 children who accidentally ingested corrosive materials and visited to emergency room of Chonnam National University Hospital from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1999. Twenty-one children were examined by upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy to evaluate location and severity of caustic injury. Results: 1) Among 31 patients, there were 20 males and 11 females and the ratio of male to female was 2:1. Average age at diagnosis was 2.3 years (12 months to 9.8 years). Twenty-seven (87.1%) patients were accidentally ingested vinegar. 2) Initial presenting symptoms were dysphagia (54.8%), vomiting (48.3%), chemical burn on lips and skin (45.2%), excessive salivation (45.2%), coughing and respiratory grunting (32.3%) and aspiration pneumonia (9.8%). 3) UGI endoscopic examination showed caustic injury in 17 children: grade I in 8, grade II in 7 and grade III in 2. The region of caustic injury was proximal esophagus in 5, distal esophagus in 3, entire esophagus in 9 and stomach in 6. 4) Corrosive esophageal strictures developed in 6 children (19.4%) and gastric outlet stricture in 1 (3.2%). All of them showed grade II or III caustic injury on endoscopic examination. Conclusion: The development of esophageal stricture was related to the severity of the caustic injury. Early UGI endoscopic examination in caustic ingestion seems to be useful for prediction of development of caustic stricture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.477-491
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• 1999

Objectives : To evaluate the anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses on computed tomographs. Materials and Methods : The author examined the CT images of the paranasal sinuses retrospectively in 500 patients who visited Chonbuk National University Hospital between January 1996 and December 1997. Results : The highest incidence of anatomic variation of the paranasal sinuses in bilateral structures was agger nasi cel1(73.2％), followed by concha bullosa(31.1％), Onodi cell(24.0％), Haller ce1109.8％), maxillary sinus septum(3.0％), paradoxical middle turbinate(2.5％), pneumatized uncinate process(2.0％), and bent uncinate process. The highest incidence of anatomic variation in midline structures was nasal septum deviation(53.2％), followed by nasal septum aerated(29.4％), bulla galli(24.7％) asymmetric intersphenoid septum(22.3％), and nasal septum spur(13.8％). The correlation between anatomic variation and paranasal sinusitis was not found. Conclusions : The results of this study will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of paranasal sinus diseases, especially in the treatment planning before functional endoscopic surgery.