• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

The relationship between level of milk composition and conditions of ovary and uterus were analyzed in Holstein cows at seven farms participating in a reproductive herd health management program. Milk data were taken from 503 early lactating cows between 30 and 60 days in milk with reproductive examination with ultrasonography from september 1999 to August 2000. Milk fat, protein and solid-not-fat concentration in the herds were $3.70{\pm}1.08%$, $2.97{\pm}0.35$, and $8.41{\pm}0.61%$, respectively. The reproductive disorder relative to normal cows had higher risk in the cows that the level of protein was lower than 2.70%. Also, the higher milk fat than 4.50% were associated with a higher risks in the uterine disease and follicular cysts. Therefore, the cows with the fat to protein ratio of > 1.30 had higher risks for reproductive disorder such as cystic ovarian diseases, inactive ovaries and endometritis. These results indicated that cows diagnosed with reproductive disorder were energy deficient prior to reproductive disorder diagnosis. Consequently, milk fat and protein analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool for condition of ovary and uterus in early lactating cows

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration of retained placenta (RP) on postpartum diseases and culling in dairy cows. Data were collected from 456 Holstein cows between 2008 and 2010. RP (${\geq}$ 24 h after parturition) and postpartum diseases were diagnosed by farm managers and a veterinarian according to standardized definitions. The overall incidence rate of RP was 14.0%, and the incidence rate of RP with fourth and higher parity was two times that of cows having offspring for the first time. The duration of RP was 2 to 15 days with a mean of 6.8 days, except for cases of fourth and higher parity which had a mean of 10.5 days. A total of 63% of cows with RP had postpartum diseases. Among the cows diagnosed with RP, 23.4% developed metritis, and of those, 35.3% developed endometritis or pyometra. A total of 25% (n = 16) cows with RP were culled within 60 days in milk (DIM) and of those culled, 75% (n = 12) had postpartum diseases. These results suggest that RP increases the risk of postpartum diseases such as metritis and mastitis and is a culling hazard up to 60 DIM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1406-1415
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• 2013

The study was conducted to correlate the periparturient immune status in terms of neutrophil functions and cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture with impending postpartum reproductive disorders in buffaloes. Forty pregnant buffaloes were observed for occurrence of postpartum reproductive disorders (PRD), i.e., metritis, endometritis and delayed uterine involution etc., during one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period. A representative number (n = 6) of buffaloes that did not develop any PRD were included in group I (healthy, control), while the animals which experienced PRD were assigned into group II (PRD, n = 8). The blood samples were collected at weekly interval from one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period considering the day of calving as 'd 0'. Differential leucocytes counts, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production activity in isolated neutrophils and the mRNA expression profile of cytokines i.e., IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in PBMC culture were studied in all the samples. A higher total leucocytes, neutrophil and band cells count along with impaired neutrophil functions i.e., lowered level of production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide before parturition and during early postpartum period were observed in buffaloes developing PRD. Further, a lower expression of IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 mRNA in PBMC culture was observed at calving in buffaloes that subsequently developed PRD at later postpartum. Thus, suppression in neutrophil function and cytokine expression at prepartum to early postpartum period predisposes the buffaloes to develop postpartum reproductive disorders. Hence, monitoring of neutrophils function and cytokine expression profile would be effective to predict certain reproductive disorders at late pregnancy or immediately after parturition in buffaloes. In future, this may be a novel approach for determining suitable management and therapeutic decisions for prevention of commonly occurring reproductive disorders in farm animals.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1984

The number of dairy cows diagnosed and treated at Hyup-dong Animal Hospital from July 1983 to June 1984 was amounted to 3,073 heads of Holstein breed and the result of analysis of diseases was as follows : 1. In the topographic diagnostic categories, 41.23% of all cases involved the urogenital system and were observed most prominent. Next were digestive system (22.10%), general and regional (14.55 %), respiratory system (8.20%) and musculoskeletal system (7.06%) in decreasing order. 2. In urogenital system 50.20% of all diagnosis involved metritis and this were most prominent disease. Next were repeat breeder(15.31%), retained placenta (12.79%) and ovary disfunction(9.40 %) in decreasing order. 3. In digestive system 36.82% of all diagnosis involved enteritis and were most prominent. Next were abomasal displacement (29.31%), lumen indigestion (20.32%) and lumen bloat (9.57%) in decreasing order 4. In general and regional diseases, 52.80% of all diagnosis involved ketosis and were most prominent. Next were milk fever (25.50%), downer cow (5.82%) and omphalitis (4.47%) in decreasing order. 5. In respiratory system, 82.54% of all diagnosis involved upper respiratory tract infections and were most prominent. Next were pneumonia (15.87%). 6. In musculoskeletal system, 49.31% of all diagnosis involved foot rot and were most prominent. 7. In milk secreting system, 61.64% of all diagnosis involved mastitis and ere most prominent. Next were stenosis of teat canal (16.35%). 8. Among the individual disease entities, endometritis marked 20.7%, enteritis 8.13%, ketosis 7.68% upper respiratory tract infection 6.77%, repeat bheeder 6.31%, retained placenta 5.27%, abomasal displacement 4.69%, and lumen impaction 4.49%, respectively of total 3,073 cases in decreasing order.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and sex steroid hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone in Korean cattle (Hanwoo) with reproductive disorders and to examine the relationship between BUN and body condition score (BCS) in Hanwoo. The concentration of BUN was 16.2 mg/dl, 17.8 mg/dl, 15.1 mg/dl, 17.9 mg/dl, and 28.3mg/dl in pregnancy, repeat breeding, follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and ovarian atrophy, respectively. In Hanwoo with BCS $2.0{\sim}2.9$, $3.0{\sim}3.5$ and $3.6{\sim}4.0$, the concentration of BUN was 15.8 mg/dl, 17.0 mg/dl, and 17.6 mg/dl, respectively. Fluoroimmunoassay showed that serum estrogen and progesterone levels were decreased in reproductive disorders Hanwoo, such as ovarian atrophy, endometritis, and weak estrus. The testosterone level was significantly decreased in Hanwoo with reproductive disorders compared to that in pregnant Hanwoo ($0.02{\sim}0.03\;ng/ml$ vs 0.13 ng/ml, p<0.05). The progesterone and estrogen concentrations in follicular fluid obtained from ovary with follicular cyst were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in normal follicle fluid. These results show that there is no relationship between BUN and BCS in Hanwoo, and the concentration of sex steroid hormone in serum and follicular fluid are changed in reproductive disorders Hanwoo.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2003

The ultrasonography was performed in 77,924 subestrous dairy cows from 680 dairy farms at 57 districts. The cows were examined for confirmation of resumption of ovaries and uterus after 30 days postpartum, for early pregnancy diagnosis after 30 days post-insemination, confirmation of pregnancy at 8 month post-insemination, and for diagnosis of reproductive dysfunctions, respectively. The results of reproductive examination by ultrasonography in 77,924 dairy cows were ovarian disorders 35,452 (46.8%), uterine disorders 10,721 (13.8%), pregnancy and pregnant failure 24,044 (30.8%), adhesion of reproductive tracts 167 (0.2%), freematins 13 (0.01%) and others 6,527 (8.4%) cows, respectively. The 13,732 (49.6%) cows out of 27,694 cows were treated for silent heat or error of estrus detection, 3,473 (12.5%) cows for follicular cysts, 815 (3.0%) cows for luteal cysts, 606 (2.2%) cows for inactive ovaries, 4 (0.01%) cows for granulosa cell tumors, and 6,455 (23.3%) cows for endometritis, respectively. The indices of reproductive efficiencies before (2001-08-10) and after (2003-07-20) periodical examination of reproductive status were as follows; the mean intercalving interval were shortened from 471 days to 383 days, the mean interval calving to conception were shortened from 187 days to 99 days, the mean interval calving to first service were shortened from 105 days to 67 days, the mean cows showing heat by 60 days postpartum were increased from 33% to 89%, the mean conception rate to first service were increased from 43% to 68%, and the mean service per conception were shortened from 2.6 times to 1.8 times, respectively. These results suggest that periodical examination of reproductive status would be useful for the improvement of the reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-83
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• 2018

Purpose: This research has been carried out to find out correlation between test results of ABR-2000 and other diagnostic equipments to enhance significance of accurate diagnosis and clinical usage of ABR-2000. Methods: Duration of the 31 months from December 2012 to June 2015, records of 564 outpatients at gynecology department have been selected. The 564 patients were tested, using all 3 different test equipments of ABR-2000, DSOM, and 3D Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer (3D-MAC) without test errors or mis-recordings. Correlation between 3D Blood pressure Pulse Analyzer, DSOM and ABR-2000 were analyzed by frequency & ratio factor of statistic data records of patients groups devided by 8 different disease symptom and by comparison of the groups in the form of Regulation and Graph presented on ABR-2000 equipment. Results: 1. The indicator L in all 1, 2, and 3 quadrant in the graph means the activity and reactivity of the upper body biodynamics detection rate is low and which result is very common symptom among gynecological patients. 2. The portion of patients with hypermenorrhea, endometritis, and menstrual pain symptom among the indicator L group in the reactivity 1-3 quadrantin is significantly high. 3. When 3D Mac analyzer indicates H, diastole decreases while systole increases and tachycardia increases then the blood circulation is expected to increase. In case of indication L, diastole increases and systole decreases then, the blood circulation is expected to decrease.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1992

These experiments were investigate the effects of bacterial infection of uterus and vagina during bovine embryo transferring on the development of embryo. We examined the distribution of reproductive disordered cow by akind of disease, identified the bacteria isolated from the vagina of those cows and bacterial infectin of media and its treatment with several kinds of antibiotics at that. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The total 592 reproductive disordered cows were caused by ovarian dysfunction(43.4%), ovary-uterus complication(24.5%), endometrities(17.7%), and repeat breeder(12.0%). 2. The main bacteria among 11 kinds of bacteria(113 colonies) was E. coli(38 colonies, 33.6%). Likewise, E. coli was propotioned to 23 and 22.7% among bacteria from vagina of endometritis and repeat breeder, respectively. 3. The sensitivities of viginal bacteria to pencillin and streptomycin were 6.2 and 4.4% respectively, but those to gentamycin and chloramphenicol were 22.1 and 16.8%, respectively. The similar sensitivities were found in the embryo recovery media. 4. The rates of bacterial infection of recovery medim and that of abnormal development of embryo were 75 and 80%, respectively. 5. The antibiotic sensitivity assay of ova recovery media showed gentamicin and chloramphenicol gave better results than streptomycin and penicillin. 6. The developmental rate of 1-cell stage mice embryos was 34.0% in bacterial infected culture media, but was 40.0, 58.0, 40.0 or 30.0% with the treatment of kanamycin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, or penicillin, respectively.

• 셀메드
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2023

Background and objective: Cervicitis are an inflammatory condition of the cervix. This may be acute, chronic, active & specific or non-specific, which may cause various sign & symptoms. Abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding. If not treated timely it causes various complications viz PID, infertility, endometritis, ectopic pregnancy etc. Hence it has been decided to conduct a clinical trial for its management. Method: This study was an open observational study. The entire patients were allocated by considering the criteria of inclusion & exclusion. Marhame dakhilyun with roghane sausan is given 10 mg as ḥamūl at bed time, after menses for 21 days. All the patients were assessed by primary outcome of abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding & secondary outcomes of vaginal symptoms scale score (VSS) which score the vaginal discharge with QOL in cervicitis patients and vaginal analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Result: In this present study, marked improvement is observed in cervicitis. The mean ± SD of vaginal discharge before & after treatment is 2.57±0.050, 0.33±0.48 respectively which is highly significant with p value of<0.0001^**. VSS score before & after treatment is 21.27±6.12, 7.47±2.48 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. VAS score used for LAB & LPA before & after treatment is 6.63±1.09, 1.90±1.29 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. Interpretation & Conclusion: The study revealed that the formulation has been found effective in healing congestion, hypertrophied of the cervix and discharge and relieving the others associated symptoms of cervicitis. It is useful and provided immediate and effective treatment for cervicitis. Hence, the trial drug can be recommended for its management.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the Preventive and treatment effects of mixed compound of vitamin E and selenium, and ursodeoxycholic acid on the pre-parturient and post-parturient fatty liver of high. yielding dairy cows. Thirty pregnant dairy cows(2 weeks preparturition) were divided into clinical(13cows) and subclinical(17 cows) groups based upon blood chemical values, blood serum protein levels and clinical symptoms. The clinical group was subdivided into treated clinical group(6 cows) and non-treated clinical group(7 cows). The cows(treated clinical group) with fatty liver diagnosed before parturition were dosed with mixed compound of vitamin I(1head) and selenium(10mg/head) intramuscularly once before and after parturition, respectively. These cows(treated clinical group) were also given ursodeoxycholic acid(50g/head) intramuscularly 3 times before parturition. The cows(treated clinical group) with fatty liver diagnosed after parturition were also given the same compounds as dosed to the above cows at same dose rate once or 3 times, respectively after parturition. Blood samples were collected from the cows on 4th, 7th and 2nd day of preparturition and on 1st, 7th, 14th and 20th day of postparturition. Blood chemical values(non-esterified fatty acid : NEFA) concentration, serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, bilirubin concentration, glucose level) were checked and clinical symptoms of the cows were also observed. 1. The cows in non-treated clinical group showed severe depression, anorexia and diarrhea from prepartum period, and retained palcenta, endometritis, ketosis, abomasal displacement and mastitis after parturition. Cows in treated clinical group showed moderate depression, anorexia, diarrhea during preparturient period, but they were relieved within a week from parturition. Cows in subclinical group showed mild depression, anorexia and diarrhea after parturition, but these symptoms were not observed in prepartum period. 2. NEFA concentration, serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and bilirubin concentration observed In the cows of treated clinical group were significantly lower than those of the cows non-treated clinical group. The blood glucose concentration of the cows in treated clinical group were higher than those of the cows in non-treated clinical group. These results indicate that the preparturient and postparturient fatty liver of high-yielding dairy cows could be reduced by dosing the animals with appropriate amounts of mixed compound of vitamin I and selenium, and ursodeoxycholic acid at proper times of the preparturition and postparturition of the dairy cows.