• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.345-348
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• 2016

Although intestinal protozoans are common etiologies of diarrhea, few studies have been conducted in Myanmar. This study planned to investigate the prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Endolimax nana among schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. We performed a cross-sectional survey among schoolchildren and their guardians from 7 primary schools in South Dagon and Hlaing Thar Yar districts, Yangon, Myanmar. Stool samples were observed with a microscope after concentration technique and iodine staining. Total 821 stool samples, including 556 from schoolchildren and 265 from guardians, were examined. The median age was 6 years old for schoolchildren and 36 years old for guardians. A 53.1% of the school children and 14.6 % of the guardians were males. The overall prevalence of each intestinal protozoan species was as follows: 3.4% (28/821) for G. lamblia; 3.5% (29/821) for E. coli; 1.2% (10/821) for E. histoytica, and 3.0% for E. nana. This study showed that intestinal protozoans are common in primary schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. Health interventions, such as hand washing education, improvement of sanitation, and establishment of water purification systems are urgently needed in this area.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.213-215
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• 1986

Total of 2,643 Korean soldiers were examined of their stool for parasitic infections by both cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether concentration techniques from August, 1983 to December, 1985. Out of them, 73.6% were free from any parasite, 22.6% were ova positive and 4.0% cyst positive. The ova positive rates by species were Ascaris lumbricoides 2.0%, Trichuris trichiura 13.0%, hookworm and Trichostrongylus orientalis 0.08% respectively, Clonorchis sinensis 7.6%, Metagonimus yokogawai 1.1%, Paragonimus westermani 0.08%, Echinostoma hortense 0.04%, Fibricola seoulensis 0.9%, Taenia sp. 0.3%, Hymenolepis nana 0.2% and H. diminuta 0.04%. Most of them (87.3%) were positive by a species, 11.9% by two and 0.8% by 3 species. The cyst positive rates were Entamoeba histolytica 0.6%, E. coli 1.4%, Endolimax nana 1.7%, Iodoamoeba butschlii 0.04% and Giardia lamblia 0.9%. Among the cyst positives, 89.5% were positive by a species, 7.6% by two and 0.5% by 3 species. The intestinal parasite infections among the Korean soldiers decreased distinctly compared with previous data.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2017

A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i.e., Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E. coli H7, E. coli O157: H7, verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), Shigella spp., and enteric adenovirus. The level of microbial pathogens contamination was associated with human activity, with greater levels of contamination found at the downstream site compared to the site at the village and upstream, respectively. Regarding intestinal parasites, the prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections were 68.9% and 27.2%, respectively. Eight helminth taxa were identified in fecal samples, i.e., 2 tapeworm species (Taenia sp. and Hymenolepis diminuta), 1 trematode (Opisthorchis sp.), and 5 nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichostrongylids, and hookworms). Six species of intestinal protists were identified, i.e., Blastocystis hominis, Cyclospora spp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Entamoeba coli, and Giardia lamblia. Questionnaires and interviews were also conducted to determine risk factors of infection. These analyses together with a prevailing infection level suggested that most of villagers were exposed to parasites in a similar degree due to limited socio-economic differences and sharing of similar practices. Limited access to effective public health facilities is also a significant contributing factor.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 1984

The present study was designed to elucidate the recent prevalence of the intestinal protozoa and to demonstrate the relationship on prevalence of the surveyed population with their academic career and living conditions. During the period from May to July 1981, total 2, 735 fecal specimens were collected from the inhabitants of 11 areas in Gyeong-gi Do(province) near by Seoul City, and 6 areas in Jeonra Bug Do, southwestern part of Korea. The samples were fixed with SAF solution and were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The results are summarised as follows: 1, Overall positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 11. l% : Gyeong-gi Do, 10.7%; Jeonra Bug Do, 11.7%. 2. Five species of intestinal protozoa were detected: Entamoeba histolytica 0.69% : Entamoeba cali 5.52%; Endolimax nana 2.71%, Giardia lamblia 2.23%; lodamoeba biitschlii 0.18%. 3. Highest positive rates among the examined areas were recognized: Incheon City of Gyeong-gi Do, 26.7%; Im-sil Gun(county) of Jeonra Bug Do, 19.9%. 4. By species, E. nana showed the highest prevalence rate (13.74%) in Incheon City, and E. histolytica (2.37%) and E. coli (9.95%) in Im-sil Gun. 5. Prevalence of E. histolytica in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. 6. No significant difference in the prevalence rate by sect and age was recognized, although the group under 10 years and over 60 years were lower than in other age groups. 7, The highest positive rate of E. histolytica was observed in pauper group and significant linearity of prevalence rate of E. histozytica by monthly income was observed. 8. The inhabitants who used conventional latrine showed higher prevalence, 11.5%, than the group of inhabitants who used modified privy. 9. Although no significant difference of positive rate was recognized by academic career, but the lowest prevalence rate was observed in college graduates. 10. Over half of the surveyed population, 64.8% has no experience on anthelmintic practice. Number of anthelmintic application resulted no difference in prevalence. In conclusion, prevalences of intestinal protozoa in Gyeong-gi Do and Jeonra Bug Do decreased remarkably in comparison with those of one decade before. However, economic level, academic career and anthelmintic administration seemed no essential reasons for such declination.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.265-268
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• 2009

Karaj is an area with large influx of refugee people in Iran. To increase knowledge about parasitic infections, we carried out this research during 2006-2008. We recorded the stool examination results and some of their personal characteristics. A total of 13,915 human stools were examined, and 649(4.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Among them, 13 (0.09%) had worm and 636 (4.6%) had protozoan infections. Maximum infections belonged to Giardia intestinalis, and 534 (3.8%) samples had this infection. Other parasitic infections included Entamoeba coli(0.39%), Entamoeba histolytica (0.021%), Blastocystis hominis (0.08%), Trichomonas hominis (0.1%), Iodamoeba butschlii (0.06%), Chilomastix mesnili (0.007%), Endolimax nana (0.05%), Enterobius spp. eggs (0.028%), Taenia proglottids (0.028%), and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (0.03%). The maximum numbers of referred people to laboratories were in July and the maximum percentage of infections was in August. There is a point that all 5 Strongyloides stercoralis infections were pertained to 2008. With attention to the rate of parasitic infections (4.7%), it seems that we should take additional educational information to wide spectrum of people living in this city.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1990

한국 가톨릭의사협회는 남미 에꽈돌국 과야스주의 해안 지방인 빨말 본당에서 운영하는 "빠띠마 성녀 기념 본당 진료소"의 의료사업을 지원하고 있다. 그 사업의 하나로 이 지역 메스띠조인의 보건 실태를 관찰하고 앞으로의 중점 보건 사업을 파악하기 의하여 1989년 8월 6일부터 8월 19일까지 주민 진료와 합께 대변검사를 실시하고 기생충 감염 실태를 조사하였다. 이 지역은 동부 태평양에 연한 해안 어촌 마을인 빨말(본당), 아양게, 함벨리(공소)와 해안에서 떨어져 있고 목축을 주업으로 하는 바빌 데세초, 리오세꼬, 밤빌꼬자오, 마난띠 알 데 꼴론체 및 세비자 등 공소마을로 구성되어 있고 주민은 모두 약 20,000명으로 추산된다. 대변검사는 직접 도말법(요드염색 후) 1매와 셀로판후층도말법 1매를 각각 검경하여 장내 원충 포낭 및 윤충 충란 배출을 검사하였다. 검사 대상자는 진료소를 찾은 주민이며 빨말 본당 지역의 주민 160명을 포함한 해안 마을 주민 226명과 내륙 공소 마을 주민 99명 등 모두 325명이었다. 대변검사 결과 충란 및 포낭 양성률이 66.1%이었고 윤충 충란 양성률은 38.2%, 원충 포낭 양성률은 56.1%이었다. 기생충별 양성률은 회충 18.1%, 편충 19.4%, 구충 0.6%, 왜소조충 3.7%, 유구 및 무구조충 1.8%, 이질아메바 19.4%, 대장아메바 28.6%, 소형아매바 5.5%, 요드아메바 1.5%, 람블편모충 11.1%, 킬로마스틱 스메니리 0.6%이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 이 지역에서 가장 중요한 기생충 감염은 이질 아메바와 람블편모충이며 따라서 위생적인 식수를 마련하는 것이 가장 중요한 보건사업이라고 판단되었다. 목축을 주로 하는 내륙 마을중에는 조충증과 유구낭미충증이 유행하는 지역이 있었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1985

To evaluate the parasitic infection rates among inhabitants in urban area of Seoul, Korea, a total of 5,275 stool and anal swab specimens was obtained from 2,527 male and Z,748 female living in 24 Dongs of 17 Kus. Cases were sampled randomely to represent 1,000 inhabitants refereed to the census in 1980. The methods employed were formalin ether technique to detect helminth ova and protozoan cysts and scotch tape anal swab technique to detect eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. The results obtained are as follows ; 1) Total positive rate of helminthes was 23.5% among 5,275 (male 22.5% and female 24.5%) specimens. Nine kinds of the helminthes were detected and infection rates of each helminth were; Ascaris lumbricoides 4.1%, Hookworm 0.1%, Trichuris trichiura 11.1%, Trichostrongylus orientalis 0.1%. Clonorchis sinensis 1.2%, Metagonimus yokogawai 0.1%, Taenia spp. 0.2%, Hymenolepis nana 0.3 and Enterobius vermicularis 9.6%. 2) Total positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 1.4%. Four kinds of the protozoan cysts were detected and the infection rates of each protozoa were; Entamoeba histolytica 0.15%, E. coli 0.4%, Endolimax nana 0.04% and Giardia lamblia 0.89%. 3) No significant differences in the parasitic infection rate by sex was noticed although male group showed lower infection rate than female group. However the incidence of C. sinensis, M. yokogawai and Taenia spp. was twice as much in female group as in male group. 4) No difference in the infection rate by age was found although E. vermicularis positive rate was highest in "0~9 years group" by 2.1% and C. sinensis infection rate was higher in over "30~39 years group". The parasitic infection rate of the present study was significantly lower than those of previous reports in Seoul area and other provinces.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2014

We analyzed 320 clinical samples of parasitic infections submitted to the Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University from January 2004 to June 2011. They consisted of 211 nematode infections, 64 trematode or cestode infections, 32 protozoan infections, and 13 infections with arthropods. The nematode infections included 67 cases of trichuriasis, 62 of anisakiasis (Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova decipiens), 40 of enterobiasis, and 24 of ascariasis, as well as other infections including strongyloidiasis, thelaziasis, loiasis, and hookworm infecions. Among the cestode or trematode infections, we observed 27 cases of diphyllobothriasis, 14 of sparganosis, 9 of clonorchiasis, and 5 of paragonimiasis together with a few cases of taeniasis saginata, cysticercosis cellulosae, hymenolepiasis, and echinostomiasis. The protozoan infections included 14 cases of malaria, 4 of cryptosporidiosis, and 3 of trichomoniasis, in addition to infections with Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Toxoplasma gondii. Among the arthropods, we detected 6 cases of Ixodes sp., 5 of Phthirus pubis, 1 of Sarcoptes scabiei, and 1 of fly larva. The results revealed that trichuriasis, anisakiasis, enterobiasis, and diphyllobothriasis were the most frequently found parasitosis among the clinical samples.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1990

A survey was undertaken to evaluate the present status of intestinal infection in army soldiers. Stool specimen of 417 soldiers fixed by SAF solution were collected from a camp located in area of Nakdong river during the period from August to October of 1990. And these stool samples were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique once for helminths and protozoan cysts stained with Lugol's iodine solution. The results obtained in this survey were summarized as follows : l) The overall positive rate of intestinal parasite was 18.0%. 2) The egg positive rate of intestinal helminth was 15.1%, : and 11.5% for Clonorchis sinensis. 5.0% for Metagonimus vokogawai, 1.2% for Ascaris lumbricoides 1.7% for Trichiuris trichiura. 0.2% for Taenia sp. 3) The cyst positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 4.1% ; and 1.4% for Entamoeba coli, 1.9% for Giardia lamblia 0.7% for Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% for Endolimax nana. 4) Most of samples were positive(85.3%) by single species. 10.7% by two species, 2.7% by three species and 1.3% by four species. 5) Infection rate of intestinal parasites among army soldiers decreased distinctly compared with previous data but it is revealed that the infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis among army soldiers in area of Nakdong river is still high in comparison with ever-reported data. 6) SAF fixatives used in this field survey during summertime was useful to conserve protozoan cyst and helminths ova. Also we could examine stool samples directly by formalin-ether sedimentation technique.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to evaluate the status of intestinal protozoan infections in the children of specific groups. A total number of 441(male 250; female 191) consisting of 224 children of national feeble minded children institute, 59 Han-Bit blindness students, 158 children of local mental retardation children institute(Kang-Dong Ku) of specific groups were examined. The method employed was formalin-ether sedimentation technique with Lugol's iodine stain. The results were as follows: 1) The positive rates for any kinds of protozoan cysts were 13.8%(72 positives out of 441 samples) with sexual difference of 14.0% in male and 12.6% in female. 2) In the institute differences of positive rates of protozoan cysts were 15.2% in national feeble minded children institute, 16.9% in Han-Bit blindness school, and local mental retardation children institute(Kang-Dong Ku). 3) Cysts of Entamoeba coli were recovered in 8.6% and cysts of pathogenic amoeba, Entamoeba histolytica were found in 1.4%. Cysts of Endolimax nana (3.4%). Giardia lamblia (2.9%) were found in this study. 4) The degree of multiple infections of protozoan cysts were; single infection 81.4%, double infection 16.9% and quadriple infection 1.7% respectively.