Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoans among Schoolchildren in Suburban Areas near Yangon, Myanmar

  • Kim, Min-Jae (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Bong-Kwang (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Jaeeun (Korea Association of Health Promotion) ;
  • Kim, Deok-Gyu (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Hyemi (Korea Association of Health Promotion) ;
  • Lee, Keon-Hoon (Korea Association of Health Promotion) ;
  • Cho, Seon (Korea Association of Health Promotion) ;
  • Htoon, Thi Thi (National Health Laboratory) ;
  • Tin, Htay Htay (National Health Laboratory) ;
  • Chai, Jong-Yil (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • Accepted : 2016.05.25
  • Published : 2016.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Although intestinal protozoans are common etiologies of diarrhea, few studies have been conducted in Myanmar. This study planned to investigate the prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Endolimax nana among schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. We performed a cross-sectional survey among schoolchildren and their guardians from 7 primary schools in South Dagon and Hlaing Thar Yar districts, Yangon, Myanmar. Stool samples were observed with a microscope after concentration technique and iodine staining. Total 821 stool samples, including 556 from schoolchildren and 265 from guardians, were examined. The median age was 6 years old for schoolchildren and 36 years old for guardians. A 53.1% of the school children and 14.6 % of the guardians were males. The overall prevalence of each intestinal protozoan species was as follows: 3.4% (28/821) for G. lamblia; 3.5% (29/821) for E. coli; 1.2% (10/821) for E. histoytica, and 3.0% for E. nana. This study showed that intestinal protozoans are common in primary schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. Health interventions, such as hand washing education, improvement of sanitation, and establishment of water purification systems are urgently needed in this area.

Keywords

References

  1. Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Campbell H, Cibulskis R, Li M, Mathers C, Black RE. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 2012; 379: 2151-2161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60560-1
  2. Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, Nasrin D, Farag TH, Panchalingam S, Wu Y, Sow SO, Sur D, Breiman RF, Faruque AS, Zaidi AK, Saha D, Alonso PL, Tamboura B, Sanogo D, Onwuchekwa U, Manna B, Ramamurthy T, Kanungo S, Ochieng JB, Omore R, Oundo JO, Hossain A, Das SK, Ahmed S, Qureshi S, Quadri F, Adegbola RA, Antonio M, Hossain MJ, Akinsola A, Mandomando I, Nhampossa T, Acacio S, Biswas K, O'Reilly CE, Mintz ED, Berkeley LY, Muhsen K, Sommerfelt H, Robins-Browne RM, Levine MM. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 2013; 382: 209-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60844-2
  3. Bercu TE, Petri WA, Behm JW. Amebic colitis: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2007; 9: 429-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-007-0054-8
  4. Feng Y, Xiao L. Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24: 110-140. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00033-10
  5. Nuchprayoon S, Sanprasert V, Kaewzaithim S, Saksirisampant W. Screening for intestinal parasitic infections among Myanmar migrant workers in Thai food industry: a high-risk transmission. J Immigr Minor Health 2009; 11: 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-008-9169-8
  6. Lee KJ, Bae YT, Kim DH, Deung YK, Ryang YS, Kim HJ, Im KI, Yong TS. Status of intestinal parasites infection among primary school children in Kampongcham, Cambodia. Korean J Parasitol 2002; 40: 153-155. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.3.153
  7. Park SK, Kim DH, Deung YK, Kim HJ, Yang EJ, Lim SJ, Ryang YS, Jin D, Lee KJ. Status of intestinal parasite infections among children in Bat Dambang, Cambodia. Korean J Parasitol 2004; 42: 201-203. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.201
  8. Wongjindanon N, Suksrichavalit T, Subsutti W, Sarachart T, Worapisuttiwong U, Norramatha P. Current infection rate of Giardia lamblia in two provinces of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36 (suppl 4): 21-25.
  9. Chai JY, Yang SK, Kim JW, Choi SL, Song GY, Jung BK, Kim MJ, Cho J, Kim DG, Sohn WM, Jeoung HG, Cho S, Park JB, Hong S, Htoon TT, Tin HH. High prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in three townships around Yangon, Myanmar. Korean J Parasitol 2015; 53: 771-775. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.771
  10. Fotedar R, Stark D, Beebe N, Marriott D, Ellis J, Harkness J. Laboratory diagnostic techniques for Entamoeba species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20: 511-532. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00004-07

Cited by

  1. Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Environmental Water Contamination in a Rural Village of Northern Lao PDR vol.55, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.523
  2. Is it necessary to take anthelmintics every year in Korea? vol.61, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2018.61.3.198
  3. Prevalence and Genetic Identification of Three Entamoeba Species in Pigs in Southeastern China vol.2019, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2824017
  4. Identification of Uncommon Cryptosporidium viatorum (a Novel Subtype XVcA2G1c) and Cryptosporidium andersoni as Well as Common Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and B in Humans in Myanmar vol.10, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.614053
  5. The Influence of HIV Status on the Burden and Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Yangon, Myanmar vol.102, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0725
  6. First identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in humans in Myanmar vol.20, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1694-1
  7. Review of zoonotic amebiasis: Epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control vol.136, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.021
  8. Determinants of Pathogen Contamination of the Environment in the Greater Yangon Area, Myanmar vol.55, pp.24, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02887