• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Puberty is the developmental period which animals obtain the ability of reproducing sexually for the first time in life. In commercially important aquaculture fish species, the onset of puberty is a matter of major interest due to controlling of sexual maturation to improve broodstock management. To investigate pubertal characteristics of female longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), specimens were classified into three groups by the bodyweight, including 1, 2, and 3 kg group. Thereafter, we focused on ovarian development and level changes of endocrine regulation factors (GnRH, GTHs, steroid hormone). In the non-breeding season (April), the levels of endocrine regulation factors showed increasing trends in accordance with bodyweight gaining; nevertheless, the oocytes were growth phase belongs to almost peri-nucleous stages in all groups. In the breeding season (June), the levels of endocrine regulation factors were fluctuated that decreases in levels of sbGnRH and $FSH{\beta}$ mRNA expressions along with serum $E_2$ concentrations in 3 kg of group. However, $LH{\beta}$ mRNA expression levels sustained increasing trends by the bodyweight. Moreover, the oocytes developed that 2 kg and 3 kg groups obtained plentiful vitellogenic oocytes while 1 kg group was still composed with greater part of pre-vitellogenic oocytes. Especially, the oocytes of 3 kg group reached over 450 ${\mu}m$ of diameters that indicating possibility to enter the final maturations. These results suggest that the progress of pubertal development in female E. bruneus could be classify into three phases via bodyweight, including pre-puberty (1 kg), early-puberty (2 kg) and puberty (3 kg).

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1979

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ovariectomy and estradiol benzoate administration on body growth and development of endocrine glands in female rats. One hundred and twenty female rats, 30 days old weighing 72.0${\pm}$3.0g, were divided into control and ovariectomized groups and divided again into two groups, treated and untreated with estradiol benzoate, respectively. Each group was composed of 30 rats. Hormone was injected every two week interval. The body weight was measured weekly from the beginning of treatment to 63 days after treatment and 6 rats per group were sacrificed at 7, 21, 35, 49 and 63 days after treatment for weight change of endocrine gland. The results obtained were as follows: 1. the changes in the body weight during the experimental period were not signifilcantly different between two groups, although the body weight of ovariectomized groups were heavier than that of control groups and the body weight of treated group with estradiol benzoate was heavier than that of untreated group. 2. The body lengths in all groups were increased proportionally to body weight until 63 days after treatment and there were not significantly different among the experimental groups. 3. The weight of hypophysis treated with estradial benzoate in ovariectomized groups was continuously increased in the whole period and was highly significant at 49 and 63 days after treatment as compared with those of untreated in ovariectomized group. 4. Adrenal gland weights of the control and ovariectomized group treated with estradiol benzoate were distinctly light at 21 days after treatment, but there were not significantly different among all groups at 35 days. Adrenal gland weight of ovariectomized groups was smaller than control groups at 49 days and untreated group in ovariectomized groups was considerably smaller than the other 3 groups at 63 days after treatment. 5. In control rats, the ovary weight treated group with estradiol benzoate was larger than the untreated group at 35 days after treatment, but was smaller than the untreated group after 49 days. 6. The weight of reproductive tract in ovariectomized groups were markedly smaller than control groups till 35 days after treatment. The growth of reproductive tract untreated in ovariectomized groups was almost completely depressed.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2020

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals present in the environment that interfere with the normal hormone functions of various organisms and cause genetopathy, deformities, or cancer. This study surveyed the awareness of EDCs with 242 cooking staff at 242 meal service facilities for children located in a part of Gyeonggi Province. To minimize infants' exposure to EDCs, the subjects were provided with information on EDCs for two months. The behavior of reducing exposure to EDCs was analyzed according to the awareness of EDCs and work ethics. In addition, the effects before and after being provided with the information were evaluated. According to the results, the levels of awareness of EDCs and work ethics' scores of the cooking staff were high with 3.95 and 4.39 points, respectively, out of five points. In addition, a higher awareness of EDCs and a higher work ethics' score were associated with an improved behavior of reducing exposure to EDCs (P<0.05). The overall cooking and cleaning behavior for reducing exposure to EDCs showed improvement after providing information (P<0.01). Therefore, these results suggest that it is important to provide continuous education to enhance the awareness of EDCs, work ethics, and behavior to reduce exposure to EDCs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.450-455
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• 2005

Objective : Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome caused by pituitary hemorrhage, hemorrhagic infarction, or ischemic infarction within a pituitary tumor or surrounding structure. We analyzed surgical outcomes of pituitary apoplexy. Methods : From 1995 to 2004, we reviewed our experience of 29 cases with pituitary apoplexy. In all patients, pre- and postoperative clinical presentation were checked and endocrine study were performed. Results : The most frequent symptoms were visual disturbance [24 cases, 82.8%] and headache [22 cases, 75.9%]. After surgery, headache improved in 86.4%, 88.9% among 18cases who had preoperative reduction in visual acuity and 75.0% among 12 cases who had preoperative reduction in visual field improved. In endocrine study, long-term steroid and thyroid hormone replacement therapy was necessary in 42.9% of 14 cases presenting preoperative hypopituitarism. Postoperative transient hypopituitarism developed in 5 cases [33.3%] and they all recovered in follow up study. Postoperative endocrinological recovery were in 77.9% of 9 cases with preoperative prolactinoma, 1 case in 2 cases with acromegaly and one case with Cushing disease. Postoperative complications were diabetes inspidus[DI] in 1 case [3.4%]. cerebrospinal fluid[CSF] leakage in 2 cases [6.8%] and death in 1 case [3.4%] due to sepsis, Conclusion : We report good results through surgery of pituitary apoplexy in a clinical and endocrine outcomes. The surgery should be performed as soon as possible to be a suitable method for treating pituitary apoplexy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate long-term local control rate and toxicity in patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for pituitary adenomas. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 60 patients treated with EBRT for pituitary adenoma at Korea University Medical Center from 1996 and 2006. Thirty-five patients had hormone secreting tumors, 25 patients had non-secreting tumors. Fifty-seven patients had received postoperative radiotherapy (RT), and 3 had received RT alone. Median total dose was 54 Gy (range, 36 to 61.2 Gy). The definition of tumor progression were as follows: evidence of tumor progression on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, worsening of clinical sign requiring additional operation or others, rising serum hormone level against a previously stable or falling value, and failure of controlling serum hormone level so that the hormone level had been far from optimal range until last follow-up. Age, sex, hormone secretion, tumor extension, tumor size, and radiation dose were analyzed for prognostic significance in tumor control. Results: Median follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 2 to 14.4 years). The 10-year actuarial local control rates for non-secreting and secreting adenomas were 96% and 66%, respectively. In univariate analysis, hormone secretion was significant prognostic factor (p = 0.042) and cavernous sinus extension was marginally significant factor (p = 0.054) for adverse local control. All other factors were not significant. In multivariate analysis, hormone secretion and gender were significant. Fifty-three patients had mass-effect symptoms (headache, dizziness, visual disturbance, hypopituitarism, loss of consciousness, and cranial nerve palsy). A total of 17 of 23 patients with headache and 27 of 34 patients with visual impairment were improved. Twenty-seven patients experienced symptoms of endocrine hypersecretion (galactorrhea, amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, decreased libido, gynecomastia, acromegaly, and Cushing's disease). Amenorrhea was abated in 7 of 10 patients, galactorrhea in 8 of 8 patients, acromegaly in 7 of 11 patients, Cushing's disease in 4 of 4 patients. Long-term complication was observed in 4 patients; 3 patients with cerebrovascular accident, 1 patient developed dementia. Of these patients, 3 of 4 received more than 60 Gy of irradiation. Conclusion: EBRT is highly effective in preventing recurrence and reducing mass effect of non-secreting adenoma. Effort to improve tumor control of secreting adenoma is required. Careful long-term follow-up is required when relatively high dose is applied. Modern radiosurgery or proton RT may be options to decrease late complications.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

곤충생장조절제(IGR)은 대상 해충에 대한 특이성이 높고 환경에 대한 독성이 상대적으로 낮다는 장점으로 유기합성 살충제를 효과적으로 대체할 수 있는 유망한 수단으로 여겨진다. 현재 시판되는 곤충생장조절제는 작용 기작에 따라 유충호르몬 작용제(JHA), 탈피호르몬 작용제(EA) 및 키틴 합성 저해제(CSI)의 세 가지로 구분된다. 최근 들어, 이집트숲모기의 Met과 FISC/CYC 유전자를 yeast two-hybrid system에 도입하여 유충호르몬에 의해 매개되는 Met과 FISC/CYC의 결합을 in vitro에서 구현하였으며, yeast two-hybrid β-galactosidase assay를 통하여 식물과 미생물 및 화합물 library로부터 다양한 유충호르몬 길항제(JHAN)가 분리되고 있다. 유충호르몬은 곤충의 발달, 생식, 휴면 등을 포함한 다양한 생리 작용을 조절하기 때문에, 유충호르몬 길항제는 대상 해충의 내분비 신호 전달을 방해하여 비정상적인 발달 및 유충 단계에서의 치사를 초래하며, 이는 유충호르몬 길항제가 넓은 기주 범위를 가진 살충제 개발에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다는 것을 시사하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 유충호르몬 길항제의 작용점인 Met에 의해 매개되는 유충호르몬의 신호 전달 체계와 친환경 살충제로서의 유충호르몬 길항제의 전망에 대해 알아보고자 하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.178-187
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• 2013

Objectives: These cases are that of three girls who are diagnosed as precocious puberty. It seems that the incidence of precocious puberty is rapidly increasing these days. In addition to the psychosocial disturbances associated with precocious puberty, the premature pubertal growth spurt and the accelerated bone maturation result in reduced adult height. The aim of this study was to report the effect of Jowisengchung-tang in 3 cases of precocious puberty. Methods: Retrospective and comparative analysis of 3 children who had been diagnosed with preco cious puberty. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, body fat, body fat percent, AHP and body mass index were measured. Endocrine investigations including estradiol, luteinizing hormone(LH), FSH were conducted. Pubertal stages were determined with a questionnaire using Tanner stages. Jowisengchung-tang was given to 3 precocious puberty girls. Results: After treatment, the hormone(estradiol index) and accompanying symptoms (breast bud with elevation of breast and papilla; enlargement of areola) were reduced compared with first visit day. Conclusions: We may conclude that Korean traditional treatment of Jowisengchung-tang is effective in patients with precocious puberty and menopausal symptoms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1995

To examine whether colostral growth factors are transferred to the general circulation, concentrations of plasma cortisol, insulin, prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) -I and -II, IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs) and total protein were measured in newborn calves fed colostrums, milk of milk replacer before and after feeding at 12 h intervals during the first two days after birth. Plasma protein concentrations increased with time after than in milk- or milk replacer-fed calves. The mean protein concentration was greater in colostrum-fed than in milk- or milk replacer-fed calves. Plasma cortisol levels transiently declined after each feeding regardless of the type of diet, while insulin levels tended to increase. Mean concentrations of these hormones did not differ between dietary groups, nor did they change with time after birth. Plasma concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone did not differ between dietary groups and also did not change with time after birth or after feeding. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II transiently increased at the second feeding period, but these, as well as plasma IGFBP profiles, were not different between groups or before and after feeding. Results did not indicate significant transfer of colostral growth factors across the newborn ruminant small intestine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.324-328
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to measure growth rate and endocrine changes and to improve milk production by somatostatin passive immunization in rat. Experimental animals were 10 weeks old 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned each 10 in control (normal sheep serum injected: NSS) and treatment (anti-somatostatin injected), and pre-fed for 2 weeks. Anti-somatostatin was purified from serum of 1 year old sheep after somatostatin active immunization, and was injected daily to rats, and growth rate and milk yield were measured for 14 days. Growth rate of litters was 2.15 g/d and 2.32 g/d in NSS and anti-somatostatin injected, respectively. Milk production was increased 6.2% in day 8 and 6.5% in day 12 by anti-somatostatin injection. Plasma growth hormone, insulin, glucose, and urea-N were increased, but non-esterified fatty acid was decreased by anti-somatostatin injection. In summary, passive immunization of somatostatin improved growth rate of litters and milk production in rats.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.76-89
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• 2006

By improving body composition, such as fat, lean body mass and total body weight, an exercise program can be an effective treatment of obesity. The effects of exercise on obesity have been confirmed via various approaches such as type, intensity, duration, frequency, and combination with diet. Combined exercise and diet is the most efficient strategy for weight loss, and exercise alone could improve metabolism irrespective of weight loss. In addition, physical activity, including exercise, is emphasized to avoid a 'yo-yo' phenomenon. Exercise increases lipolysis stimulated by such factors as catecholamine, growth hormone (GH), and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). Moreover, changes in insulin and cortisol through exercise affect adipose tissue, which is known as not only an energy storage locale, but also as an endocrine organ. Adipocytokines secreted by adipose tissue respond to signals that modulate metabolism and inflammation. Exercise has generally shown positive effects on adipocytokines, and these effects increase in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet. However, a long duration and a high intensity of exercise could induce an inflammatory response. This review summarizes the effects of exercise on obesity treatment, which contributes to the exercise and nutritional fields, particularly of community nutritionists. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 76-89, 2006)