• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1309-1313
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• 2009

내분비교란물질은 일상생활에서 쉽게 발견되는 화학물질이다. Bisphenol A, DDT, benzophenone, phenylphenol 등과 같은 화학물질들은 플라스틱 식품용기나 살충제 등을 통해서 체내에 흡수된다. 내분비교란물질은 내분비계의 정상적인 기능을 방해하기 때문에 인체에 해로우며, 매우 독성이 강한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 내분비교란물질은 심혈관계, 생식계, 신경계뿐만 아니라 인체의 여러 기관에 심각한 타격을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 benzophenone과 같은 내분비교란물질이 계배의 발생과정에 영향을 미치고, 계배의 기형을 유도하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. Benzophenone $1{\mu}g$/egg에서 $500{\mu}g$/egg까지를 투여한 후 부화기에서 발생을 유도한 후 각각 6. 9. 12. 15. 18. 21일째마다 확인하였다. 체장의 경우에는 중용량($40{\mu}g$/egg $\sim$ $60{\mu}g$/egg)에서 감소가 시작되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 고용량의 실험군($80{\mu}g$/egg $\sim$ $500{\mu}g$/egg)에서는 높은 사망률을 보였으며, 부리 이상이나 안구 기형과 같은 기형의 징후를 발견할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 benzophenone은 계배의 기형을 유도하며, 발생단계에서 심각한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

A large number of chemical pollutants including phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds and organochlorine pesticides have the ability to disrupt endocrine function in animals, and alter cog-nitive function. Because hormone mediated events play an important role in central nervous system development and function, the changes in cognitive function seem to be mediated by the endocrine-like action of these chemicals. The present study therefore was designed to investigate effect of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical on neuro-behavial patterns, and expression of estrogen receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase, a limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis pathway. BPA was treated orally for 3 weeks into 3 week old mice, and then the neuro-behavial patterns (stereo-type behaviors such as jumping rearing and forepaw tremor, climbing behavior, tail flick, rotarod and locomotor activity), and the expression of estrogen receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase were deter-mined every 3 week for 9 weeks. During the treatment of BPA, the food uptake and body weight increase were not significantly changed. BPA resulted in the increased stereotype behaviors (jump-ing, rearing and forepaw tremor) 6 or 9 weeks after treatment. The time response to tail flick and locomotor activity were decreased by the treatment of BPA, whereas the time for rotarod was increased by the treatment of BPA. The expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta was increased in the brain and pituitary gland. Maximum expression was found in the brain after 9 week of 100 mg/kg BPA treatment and in the pituitary gland after 6 week of 100 mg/kg BPA treatment. Tyrosine hydroxylase was increased in dose and time dependent manners in the brain but no change was found in the pituitary gland. The present data show that exposure of BPA in the young mice could alter expression of estrogen receptors and dopamine synthesis pathway, thereby modulate neuro-behavial patterns (increase of stereotype behaviors but decrease locomotor activity).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.420-427
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• 2010

목 적 : 소아와 청소년기에 골수이식을 받은 환자들은 여러 가지 조기 또는 후기 합병증이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이식 후 발생할 수 있는 내분비 기능 부전에 대해 분석하여 이식 후 추적 관리에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 방 법 : 골수이식을 받은 100명(남자 61명, 여자 39명)의 환자들을 대상으로 진단명, 이식 당시 연령, 전처치 방법, 만성 이식편대 숙주병 유무, 성장 패턴, 갑상샘 기능, 사춘기 발달 상태 등을 후향적으로 조사하여 내분비 기능 부전과 관련이 있는 위험 인자가 있는지 분석하였다. 결 과 : 이식 당시, 이식 1년후, 최종 내원시의 신장 표준편차 점수는 각각 $0.08{\pm}1.04$, $-0.09{\pm}1.02$, $-0.27{\pm}1.18$로 의미있게 감소하였다(P =0.001). 전처치로 TBI를 받은 경우 TBI를 받지 않은 군에 비하여 이식 전보다 신장 표준편차 점수가 더 많이 감소하였다(P =0.017). TBI를 시행한 환자 중 1명에서 성장 호르몬 결핍을 보였다. 갑상샘 기능 검사를 시행한 94명 중 30명(31.9%)이 보상성 갑상샘저하증이었고 만성 이식편대 숙주병이 있었던 환자에서 보상성 갑상샘저하증의 빈도가 높았다(odds ratio=2.82, P =0.025). 최종 내원 시 만 14세 이상 남자 17명, 만 13세 이상 여자 15명 중에서 비정상적인 LH 또는 FSH의 상승을 보인 경우는 남자 3명, 여자 13명으로 여아가 의미 있게 많았다(odds ratio=30.3, P =0.001). 결 론 : 소아나 청소년기에 골수이식을 받은 환자에서 가장 흔한 내분비 기능 이상은 난소 기능 부전이며 그 외 높은 빈도의 내분비 기능 이상을 보이므로 정기적인 내분비 기능 검사가 필요하다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2023

일상생활에서 사용되는 다양한 제품에는 내분비계교란물질이 포함되어 있다. 대표적인 내분비계교란물질 중 하나인 BPA는 에스트로겐 유사체이며, 폴리카보네이트와 에폭시 수지의 주원료로 사용되어 플라스틱 용기, 캔 내부 코팅제 등의 많은 상업용 제품 생산에 사용된다. BPA는 에스트로겐 유사 작용과 항안드로겐 작용으로 내분비계를 교란해 다양한 장기에 질병을 유발할 수 있는 원인 물질로 생각되고 있다. 특히, BPA는 뇌에서 신경세포의 증식, 분화 등 신경발달과정에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 신경발달장애를 유발한다. 이로 인해 BPA의 사용이 규제되었으며 상업용 제품 생산에 BPA의 대체물질인 BPS와 BPF가 이를 대처하게 되었다. 하지만, BPS와 BPF는 BPA와 비슷한 화학구조를 가지고 있어 내분비계를 교란할 것이라는 의문이 제기되고 있다. 실제로 BPS와 BPF는 생식기와 뇌를 포함한 다양한 장기에서 유해한 영향을 일으킨다는 연구결과가 보고되었다. 현재 BPS와 BPF가 신경계에 노출되었을 때 나타나는 영향 연구 결과는 현저히 부족한 실정이다. 이에 BPS와 BPF가 신경계에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어져야 하며 BPA 대체물질들의 안전성 검증 및 새로운 대체물질 개발이 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter, We investigated the effects of acute exposure of Mancozeb on the immune function in mice. After single oral administration of Mancozeb to female ICR mice, the immunopathological parameters (body- and organ-weight, splenic cellularity hematological parameters), mitogen (Con A, PHA+IL-2, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP) and splenic IgM plaque forming cell (PFC). WBC and splenic cellularity were decreased, but liver-, kidney-, and spleen-weight were increased when compared with control group. Splenic IgM PFC against SRBC was slightly lowered. Mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells from Mancozeb-treated mice was not signifcantly changed ex vivo, however, SP in vitro were significantly lowered in concentration dependent manner. These results indicate that Mancozeb could affect the immune function in mice.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2006

We treated KunYangDan (KYK) in SD rats in order toexamine the protective effect against cell damage induced by diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). KYD reduced DEHP toxicity by increasing the function of immune cell numbers weight increase of spleen.red blood cells,HB,and HCT content,sperm number and mobility,resulting in improving reproductive function by judging from the recovery of testosterone content. Interestingly the hormone change of testosterone by KYD significantly recovered the decreased its leve. Taken together,these results suggest that KYD specifically affect the reproductive function induced by DEHP,an endocrine disruptor.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2021

Pediatric kidney transplantation is the best option since it can achieve near normal glomerular filtration rate, adequate fluid balance, and autonomic endocrine function of the kidney in end-stage kidney disease. However, pediatric kidney transplantation is difficult because children are developing and growing, management and complications of pediatric kidney transplantation are different from those of adults. This review covers the current status of pediatric kidney transplantation in Korea, key considerations that must be taken before kidney transplantation in children, and management strategy of immunosuppression and common complications.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.495-497
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• 2017

Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder with a defective synthesis of either the alpha or the beta chain of hemoglobin A. Blood transfusion is crucial for the survival in these patients. Unfortunately, endocrine dysfunction is a very common complication in these patients and is principally due to excessive iron overload as a result of frequent blood transfusions. Although regular blood transfusion may increase life expectancy, disturbances in growth and pubertal development, abnormal gonadal functions, impaired thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal functions, diabetes, and disorderly bone growth are common side effects. We hereby present a case of a 23-year-old, unmarried woman with beta thalassemia major presenting with primary amenorrhea, poor development of secondary sexual character, and short stature. Thorough history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigation, including dynamic function test (insulin tolerance test) were conducted. These tests confirmed that she had multiple endocrinopathies, including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, and subclinical adrenal insufficiency, which were caused by iron overload. She required hormone replacement therapy. Early recognition of possible deficiencies in hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ hormones caused by iron overload in thalassemia patients that undergo frequent blood transfusion procedures is essential. Appropriate treatments, including transfusion regimen and chelation therapy, as well as specific treatment of each complication are the crucial for the successful management and improvement of quality of life these patients.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine effects of a sexual function improvement program on sexual distress, sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy among breast cancer survivors. Methods: With quasi-experimental design, a total of 54 women after breast surgery were assigned into experimental group (n=28) and control group (n=26) after recruited via convenience sampling. They were endocrine surgery outpatients in university hospital at Chonnam province. Experimental group received a sexual function improvement program 5 sessions over 5 weeks. Sexual distress, sexual satisfaction, and marital intimacy were examined with self-report structured questionaries. Data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance with SPSS 17.0/window program. Results: Women who participated in the sexual function improvement program had lower sexual distress (F=27.29, p<.001), higher sexual satisfaction (t=3.09, p=.003) higher marital intimacy (F=17.51, p<.001) than the women who did not participate. Conclusion: Results suggest that a sexual function improvement program can be effective strategy to improve sexual distress, sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy. Therefore, this program can be regarded as useful nursing intervention program for breast cancer survivors.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2009

Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium concentration. Its N-terminal fragment (1-34) has sufficient activity for biological function. Recently, site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that substitutions at several positions within shorter analogues (1-14) can enhance the bioactivity to greater than that of PTH (1-34). However, designing the optimal sequence combination is not simple due to complex combinatorial problems. In this study, support vector machines were introduced to predict the biological activity of modified PTH (1-14) analogues using mono-substituted experimental data and to analyze the key physicochemical properties at each position that correlated with bioactivity. This systematic approach can reduce the time and effort needed to obtain desirable molecules by bench experiments and provide useful information in the design of simpler activating molecules.