• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2020

Carex nakasimae Ohwi (Cyperaceae) is an endemic species on the Korean peninsula. This study reports a new locality of the species, updating the distribution map. A new population of the species was found during field surveys in 2014 in a small swamp in Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do province, located in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. In the flowering and fruiting periods of the species, the population is associated with ca. 91 vascular plant taxa from 40 families. To conserve the endemic species, maintaining the habitat is critical. Furthermore, taxonomic and phylogenetic positions of the species should be clarified to establish biological conservation strategies for the rare, endemic C. nakasimae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2020

Carex splendentissima U. Kang & J. M. Chung, endemic to the Korean peninsula, is characterized by staminate terminal spikes and glabrous elliptic perigynia. Based on its broad leaves, androgynous spikes, and tri-stigmatic features, the species has been placed in Carex sect. Siderostictae Franch. ex Ohwi, an East Asian section and a basal group in the genus. To clarify the monophyly and phylogenetic position of the species, a molecular study using the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA (trnL-F) data was conducted. The DNA sequence data of ten taxa in sect. Siderostictae and closely related taxa (two taxa in sect. Surculosae) with outgroups were analyzed based on maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) criteria. In the analyses, C. splendentissima was monophyletic and placed within the Siderostictae clade (sect. Siderostictae + two species of sect. Surculosae), forming a clade with C. ciliatomarginata and C. pachygyna (endemic to Japan). The clade (C. splendentissima + C. ciliatomarginata + C. pachygyna) shows evidence of diploidy. Furthermore, C. splendentissima is a sister to C. ciliatomarginata in the ML tree, and the two taxa have staminate terminal spikes. This study also updates the distribution of C. splendentissima and provides keys to the four Korean taxa in sect. Siderostictae. To conserve the endemic species C. splendentissima, further research on its genetic and ecological features should be conducted at the population level.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2020

To establish in vitro axillary bud culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of Korean endemic endangered species famous for beautiful flowers, we tested the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in shooting and rooting stage from in vitro plants. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the media induced 2.5 to 3 shoots per bud during 4 weeks of culture. And media including 0.5 mg L^-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3 to 4 shoots per bud. However, zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2-ip) were not successful to increase shoot number, and the combination treatments of BA with other PGRs were also not effective. Shoots were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 mg L^-1 appeared to increase rooting rate by 10% to 60% approximately when compared with the control but roots developed with callus clusters. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (below 10%), while some roots were longer than in NAA treatments and some shoots were longer on high IBA concentrations (4.0 to 8.0 mg L^-1). It is suggested that micropropagation is a highly applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of rare and endangered endemic species.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.342-346
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• 2006

Anatomical characters of the Bupleurum latissimum Nakai, an endemic species of Korea, were investigated to confirm its phylogenetic relationships. Compare to other species with anatomical characters, B. latissimum is very similar with B, euphorbioides and B, longeradiatum in point of lacking of pith in the stem, shape of involucres, number of vascular bundles in radical leaf and cauline leaf, and lacking stomata in adaxial leaf surface. The other hand, protruded pollen aperture character appears in B. latissimum and B. euphorbioides. On the based of anatomical characters, therefore, B. latissimum has closest relationships with B. euphorbioides and B. longeradiatum. It also needs molecular study including Asian species in order to confirm phylogenetic position and speciation process apparently.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.166-169
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• 2023

Carex brevispicula (Cyperaceae) is endemic to Korea and is characterized by constricted achenes, short lateral spikes, and awned staminate and pistillate scales. The species classified in sect. Mitratae occurs throughout South Korea, perennating on mountains and/or rocky slopes under half shadow conditions. Meiotic chromosomes of the species were examined in this study, in which 33 meiotic cells from seven populations were found to be less than 2 ㎛ long with non-constricted chromosomes (n = 34_II). The stable chromosome number may be related to the narrow geographical distribution and/or distinct achene morphology. Further investigations of the distribution, morphological character variation, and chromosome characteristics should be conducted with closely related taxa to understand the derivation of the species and its endemism in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.77-79
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• 2022

Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae, a Korean endemic plant, should be treated as a species rank because it is clearly distinguished from A. altaicus var. altaicus by the morphological characteristics of the plant habit, leaf width, and head size. Nevertheless, when A. altaicus var. uchiyamae was treated as a species rank, the epithet uchiyamae was unavailable in Aster owing to the earlier name A. uchiyamae, which was a replacement name for the illegitimate name A. depauperatus. Therefore, we propose A. danyangensis as a new replacement name for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae. The specific epithet danyangensis refers to the geographic location of Danyang-gun, where the species was discovered. We also designate the lectotype and isolectotype of A. danyangensis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2020

Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum Y. I. Kim & Y. D. Kim (Saxifragaceae) is a recently described endemic species growing in the central part of the Korean peninsula. It requires constant monitoring for conservation due to its limited distributions. There is also a need for molecular markers for proper assessments of the genetic differentiation of C. aureobracteatum from species morphologically similar to it. In this study, we developed microsatellite markers that can be used to evaluate the genetic diversity of this species, representing fundamental data with which to conserve the natural populations of the species. A total of 17 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were developed by the Illumina pair-end sequencing of the transcriptomes of C. aureobracteatum. These markers were successfully applied to populations of C. aureobracteatum and to its most closely related species, C. barbatum, revealing high polymorphism in both species. The EST-SSR markers developed in this study were proven to be useful not only to monitor the population genetic structure of C. aureobracteatum for conservation purposes but also to study the genetic delimitation of the species from species closely related to it.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2006

For the spring ephemeral and myrmecochorous perennia, Corydalis filistipes Nakai (Fumariaceae), rare and narrow endemic to Ullung Island in Korea, genetic diversity and structure of 4 subpopulations of the species were investigated with allozyme markers. Levels of genetic diversity (A=1.73, $P_{95%}$=61..2%, Ho=0.201, He=0.167) were relatively lower than those of other endemic species with widespread distribution range, but considerably higher than other endemic species with similar life history traits isolated in island. The moderate level of genetic diversity within subpopulations in C. filistipes is characteristic of the species with predominantly outcrossing, myrmecochorous seed dispersal by dual function of the elaisome and mode of sexual and asexual reproduction by the cleistogamy. The analysis of fixation indices showed an overall excess of heterozygotes (mean $F_{IS}=-0.1889,\;F_{IT}=-0.1226$) relative to H-W expectations. About 5.6% of the total genetic variation was found among subpopulations ($F_{ST}$=0.0557). The strategies of reasonable conservation and management, and the maintenance mechanism of genetic diversity of Corydalis filistipes Nakai, endemic plant species in Korea were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.635-653
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• 2012

Vascular plants of Oruem in region of Jeju-City were investigated 454 taxa totally; 116 families, 301 genera, 359 species, 3 subspecies, 78 varieties and 14 forms. In the studied Oruems in region of Jeju-City within altitude 800m, evergreen tree forests does not range and a lot of Pines thunbergii forest and Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation forest were. The endemic species of Oruem in region of Jeju-City were 14 taxa such as Asarum maculatum, Hepatica insularis, Cardamine glechomifolia etc. The floristics degree categorized by the specific distribution of plant species were total 116 Taxa, that is, V grade species Magnolia kobus, Aconitum japonicum subsp. napiforme, Ligularia taquetii etc, 6 kinds be, IV grade species Rubus ribisoideus, Ligustrum salicinum, Carex macrandrolepis etc, 16 kinds be, III grade species Illicium anisatum, Hydrangea petiolaris, Rubus schizostylus etc, 37 kinds be, II grade species Pseudostellaria coreana, potentilla dickinsii, Euonymus pauciflorus etc, 6 kinds and I grade species Sphenomeris chinensis, Pteris multifida, Machilus thunbergii etc, be. 51 kinds were confirmed. Rare and Endemic Plant Species of Korea Forest Service were 11 taxa such as Asarum maculatum, Aconitum japonicum subsp. napiforme and Magnolia kobus etc. Naturalized plant were confirmed 31 taxons with Rumex acetosella, Hypochaeris radicata and Sisyrinchium atlanticum etc.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.363-386
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• 2007

Endemic element of the Russian Far East (RFE) flora includes 497 species of 150 genera and 46 families. The level of endemism in structure of regional natural flora reaches 11.1% as a whole, and in structure of its native fraction - 13.1%. As a result of chorologic and ecocenotic analysis of RFE flora endemic element it is revealed that it consists of 8 main geographical groups and 7 main floristic complexes. The largest number of endemic species is concentrated in Arctic - Alpine & Montane (140, 28.2%), Forest (107, 21.5%) and Maritime (88, 17.7%) floristic complexes as well as in Russian Far East - West-Pacific (136, 27.4%), Japan Sea (88, 17.7%) and North-East-Asian - Beringian (69, 13.9%) geographical groups. It's possible to distinguish three main areas with similar eco-geographical differentiation of endemics on RFE as follows: (1) North-East Asia sector of RFE which North-East-Asian - Beringian and Maritime Okhotia - Beringian geographical groups approximately correspond to, (2) Continental part of East Asia sector of RFE (West - Okhotian, Amur - Okhotian, Amur - Ussirian, Okhotsk Sea and Japan Sea groups) and (3) Oceanic part of East Asia sector (Russian Far East - West Pacific group). Taxonomical variety of RFE endemics on these territories makes up accordingly (1) - 99 species (19.9%), (2) - 259 (52.8%) and (3) - 136 (27.4%).