• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2012

The vascular plants of major sites in Changwon-si were listed 456 taxa (9.3% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 112 families, 293 genera, 371 species, 2 subspecies, 66 varieties and 17 forms. The vascular plants of Changwon-cheon were listed 133 taxa, Junam reservoir were listed 90 taxa, Seongju-sa were listed 293 taxa, and Yungji park were listed 164 taxa. Divided into 456 taxa; woody plants were 160 taxa (35.1%) and herbaceous plants were 296 taxa (64.9%). Furthermore, therophytes (Th) were 111 taxa (24.3%), hemicryptophytes (H) were 75 taxa (16.4%), megaphanerophytes (MM) were 63 taxa (13.8%) showed high proportional ratio in life form. Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 10 taxa (1.8% of all 571 taxa of rare plants); Aristolochia contorta (LC), Euryale ferox (VU), Melothrua japonica (LC), Utricularia pilosa (CR), Hydrocharis dubia (LC), Carex idzuroei (DD), Acorus calamus var. angustatus (LC), etc. Based on the list of endemic plants by the Korea National Arboretum, 10 taxa (3.0% of all 328 taxa of endemic plants); Salix pseudolasiogyne, Philadelphus incanus, Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza ${\times}$ maritima, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, etc. Based on the list of specific plants by floral region were total 43 taxa (4.0% of all 1,071 taxa of specific plants); 4 taxa (Euryale ferox, Hydrocharis dubia, Carex idzuroei, etc.) in class IV, 9 taxa (Ilex crenata, Acer palmatum, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Melothria japonica, Fatsia japonica, etc.) in class III, 3 taxa (Caltha palustris var. membranacea, Nymphoides indica, etc.) in class II, 26 taxa (Cyrtomium fortunei, Chloranthus japonicus, Quercus variabilis, Ulmus parvifolia, Aphananthe aspera, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 48 taxa (Rumex crispus, Chenopodium album var. album, Amaranthus patulus, Phytolacca american, Brassica juncea var. integrifolia, Potentilla paradoxa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Euphorbia maculata, Oenothera odorata, Cuscuta pentagona, Veronica persica, Plantago lanceolata, Diodia teres, Helianthus tuberosus, Dactylis glomerata, etc.), naturalization rate was 10.5% of all 456 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index was 15.0% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbing wild plants were 3 taxa (Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.415-436
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• 2004

The vascular plants species were summarized as 479 taxa: 89 families, 260 gents, 404 species, 66 varieties, 8 forms and 1 hybrid in the whole 6 surveyed areas of eastern parts of Jirisan (Georim Valley, Baengmudong Valley, Hanshin Valley, Jungsanri Valley, Sesokpyongjeon, and Chonwangbong). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 26 species were recorded: Athyrium excelsius (Aspidiaceae), Abies koreana (Pinaceae), Betula ermani var. saitoana (Betulaceae) etc. The special plants from the list of Ministry of Forest, the Forest Research Institute (1997) and the Ministry of Environment (2001), 15 species were recorded: Smilacina bicolor (Liliaceae), Disporum ovale (Liliaceae), Clematis chiisanensis (Ranunculaceae) etc. And 15 species of naturalized plants were recorded: Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae), Ambrosia artemisiaefolia (Asteraceae), Carduus crispus (Asteraceae), etc. Especially, the Korean endemic plants repeatedly appeared around mountain-trails and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia (Asteraceae), also, popular were distributed in the entire studied areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.208-226
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• 2006

Vascular plants of Mt. Bokgyesan were composed of 80 families, 250 genera, 350 species, 51 varieties and 9 forma, totaling 410 taxa. 15 species including endemic genus Hanabusaya among the 410 taxa were Korean endemic, and 63 taxa of specially designated plants which were determined by the Ministry of Environment. The naturalized plants were 6 families, 10 genera, 11 species, 1 variety, totaling 12 taxa. Life form spectra was H-D4-R5-e type, and the use of plants were composed edible 49.8%, pasture 38.3%, medical 33.2%, ornamental 11.2%, respectively. The vegetation of Mt. Bokgyesan were classified Quercetalia mongolicae community group composed with Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Betula schmidtii Quercus mongolica community and typical community, and Juglans mandshurica community present in the valley of southwestern area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.227-244
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• 2013

The vascular plants in the trail from Jangansan to Palgongsan were listed 389 taxa (8.0% of all 4,881 taxa of Korean vascular plants); 84 families, 226 genera, 325 species, 1 subspecies, 55 varieties and 8 forms. Furthermore, hemicryptophytes (H) were 110 taxa (28.3%), geophytes (G) were 77 taxa (19.8%), megaphanerophytes (MM) were 48 taxa (12.3%), nanophanerophytes (N) were 47 taxa (12.1%) showed high proportional ratio in life form. So, resource plants of 237 taxa of edible (60.9%), 278 taxa of medicinal (71.5%), 229 taxa of ornamental (58.9%) and 178 taxa of the others (45.8%). Based on the list of rare plants, 7 taxa (1.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 1.2% of all 571 taxa of rare plants); Paeonia japonica (VU), Viola albida, Viola diamantica, Lilium distichum, Disporum ovale, Tricyrtis dilatata, Iris ensata var. spontanea (LC), etc. Based on the list of endemic plants, 7 taxa (1.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 2.1% of all 328 taxa of endemic plants); Salix koriyanagi, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Philadelphus schrenckii, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, etc. Based on the list of specific plants, 46 taxa (11.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 4.3% of all 1,071 taxa of specific plants); 2 taxa (Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda, Cardamine yezoensis, etc.) in class IV, 6 taxa (Acer palmatum, Ulmus davidiana, etc.) in class III, 14 taxa (Ligularia fischeri, Cymopterus melanotilingia, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Ilex macropoda, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 6 families, 16 genera, 18 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Oenothera odorata, Erechtites hieracifolia, Festuca arundinacea, etc.) and invasive alien plants were 3 taxa; Rumex acetocella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus. Naturalization rate (NR) was 4.6% of all 389 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 5.6% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-179
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Mt. Ilsan (Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do). The vascular plants were summarized as 496 taxa; 91 families, 295 genera, 422 species, 1 subspecies, 58 varieties, and 15 forma. Among the investigated 496 taxa, 17 Korean endemic, nine rare, and one endangered plants were included. Based on the list of the species of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment, 66 taxa including Hanabusaya asiatica and Aconitum koreanum were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were identified as 27 taxa and the percent of naturalized plant species(PN) was 5.4% of all 496 taxa vascular plants. Usage of 496 taxa were consists of 201 taxa(40.5%) of edible plants, 168 taxa(33.9%) of medicinal plants, 69 taxa(13.9%) of pasture plants, 61 taxa(12.3%) of ornamental plants, 17 taxa(3.4%) of timber plants, 16 taxa(3.2%) of fiber plants and 4 taxa(0.8%) of industrial plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.19-39
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigated the flora of Naknam-Jeongmaek, Korea. The survey sites were Gilmajae, Mt. Muryang, Mt. Yeohang, Mt. Muhak, Mt. Cheonju and Mt. Sineo. The flora were summarized, numbering 666 taxa including 112 families, 357 genera, 574 species, 4 subspecies, 73 varieties and 15 forms. The threatened species was Aconitum austrokoreense. The rare plants were 12 taxa including Asarum maculatum, Wikstroemia ganpi, Viola albida, Tricyrtis macropoda and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 19 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Weigela subsessilis, Hosta minor and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 81 taxa including 38 taxa of grade I, 19 taxa of grade II, 16 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of grade IV and 1 taxa of grade V. The naturalized plants were 32 taxa including Rumex crispus, Physalis angulata, Erechtites hieracifolia, Taraxacum officinale and so forth. The invasive alien plants were Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Aster pilosus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.41-61
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was carried out to present the basic data for constructing a ecological stream, Shindangcheon stream located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. From August 2017 to June 2019, a total of 7 surveys were conducted. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 388 taxa including 75 families, 246 genera, 360 species, 4 subspecies, 19 varieties, 2 forms and 3 hybrids. The most families of taxa were Poaceae (59 taxa), Asteraceae (47 taxa), Fabaceae (27 taxa), Rosaceae and Cyperaceae (20 taxa, respectively), and Polygonaceae and Brassicaceae (15 taxa, respectively). The rare plant was Aristolochia contorta Bunge, and the Korean endemic plants were 4 taxa, such as Populus × tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz, Lespedeza maritima Nakai, and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region found in this site were 13 taxa comprising 8 taxa of grade I, 4 taxa of grade III, and 1 taxon of grade IV. The naturalized plants were 73 taxa, such as Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach., Potentilla supina L. var. ternata Pterm., and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 6 taxa, such as Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Lactuca serriola L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.41-61
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• 2016

This study was carried out to offer the basic data for establishing the management plan and constructing the ecological data by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in main survey sites(Mt. Gwangdeok, Mt. Cheonggye and Mt. Jukyeop), Hanbuk-Jeongmaek. The flora were summarized, numbering 659 taxa including 99 families, 341 genera, 575 species, 4 subspecies, 69 varieties and 11 forms. The rare plants were 16 taxa including Tylophora floribunda, Hanabusaya asiatica, Lilium cernuum, Belamcanda chinensis and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 24 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Clematis trichotoma, Hosta minor and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 95 taxa including 32 taxa of grade I, 31 taxa of grade II, 25 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade IV and 2 taxa of grade V. The naturalized plants were 38 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Silene armeria, Cosmos bipinnatus, Poa pratensis and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 4 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus and Eupatorium rugosum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.15-41
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for conservation of forest ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Nakdong-Jeongmaek Mountains, Korea. The numbers of flora were 901 taxa including 116 families, 433 genera, 790 species, 4 subspecies, 90 varieties, 15 forms and 2 hybrids. The threatened species was Pedicularis ishidoyana. The rare plants were 33 taxa including Pseudostellaria sylvatica, Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida, Isopyrum mandshuricum, Paeonia japonica, Syringa patula var. kamibayshii, Lilium distichum, Iris odaesanensis and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 35 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Corydalis maculata, Lespedeza maritima, Cirsium setidens, Carex okamotoi and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 155 taxa including 55 taxa of grade I, 41 taxa of grade II, 36 taxa of grade III, 18 taxa of grade IV and 5 taxa of grade V. The naturalized plants were 62 taxa including Rumex obtusifolius, Amaranthus lividus, Medicago sativa, Geranium carolinianum, Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana, Foeniculum vulgare, Sonchus oleraceus, Tradescantia reflexa and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 5 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

The vascular plants of the studied area in Nonsan economical forest growing site appeared to be 341 taxa; 81 families, 218 genera, 290 species, 1 subspecies, 42 varieties and 9 forms. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 5 taxa existed; Cephalotaxus koreana, Thalictrum actaefolium, Asperula lasiantha, Populus tomentiglandulosa (Planted species), Paulownia coreana (Planted species). Specific plant species by floral region were total 13 taxa; Cirsium setidens in class III, Potentilla dickinsii in class II, Cephalotaxus koreana, Pinus koraiensis (Planted species), Hosta capitata, Juglans mandshurica, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus variabilis, Ulmus parvifolia, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Gwenia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami, Trigonotis icumae in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 9 families, 19 genera, 20 species, 1 varieties, 21 taxa and naturalization rate was 6.1% of all 341 taxa vascular plants. The communities were classified into Quercus acutissima community, Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, Platycarya strobilacea community, Quercus aliena community of natural forests and Pinus rigida community, Metasequoia glyptostroboides community, Larix leptolepis community of artificial forests.