• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.2385-2401
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• 1996

In this paper, a management model and a path trace algorithm are proposed for the end-to-end path tracing management in ATM network. Proposedmodel is based on the TINA(Telecommunication Information Networking Architecture) and computational object(CO) of ODP(Open Distributed Processing).We related computational object for the path trace to another computational object which covers the ATM routing and established operational procedure according to this relationship. This procedure identifies the end-to-end by way of tracing the ATM connections then collect identification information on the that path. End-to-end trace is performed on the network management level. Broadcasting-with-synchronized-control and GTM(Global Ticket Method) are proposed as path trace algorithm considering the real time properties and data ingetrity. Computer simulations are also performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and its resuls are shown in this paper.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

An end-to-end speech recognition model consisting of a single integrated neural network model was recently proposed. The end-to-end model does not need several training steps, and its structure is easy to understand. However, it is difficult to understand how the model recognizes speech internally. In this paper, we visualized and analyzed the attention-based end-to-end model to elucidate its internal mechanisms. We compared the acoustic model of the BLSTM-HMM hybrid model with the encoder of the end-to-end model, and visualized them using t-SNE to examine the difference between neural network layers. As a result, we were able to delineate the difference between the acoustic model and the end-to-end model encoder. Additionally, we analyzed the decoder of the end-to-end model from a language model perspective. Finally, we found that improving end-to-end model decoder is necessary to yield higher performance.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing death anxiety, hospices knowledge, and attitude towards end-of-life care among paramedic students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 196 paramedic students in D university college in J city from November 2011 to November 2014. The study instruments included death anxiety, hospices knowledge, and attitude towards end-of-life care. Data were analyzed by t test, ANOVA, post hoc $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS v. 20.0. Results: According to a stepwise regression on the factors influencing attitudes towards end-of-life care, 80.4% of variance (F=161.360, p<.001) was explained by experience of death, hospices knowledge, disappearance of death anxiety, satisfaction with relationships (${\geq}2$) and student attitude toward end-of-life care. In addition, 44.1% of the variance (F=39.434, p<.001) was explained by experience of death, satisfaction with relationship(${\leq}4$), warning of others about death anxiety, and family attitude towards end-of-life care. Conclusion: The attitude towards end-of-life care was influenced by hospices knowledge and death anxiety in paramedic students. It is necessary to provide training in understanding attitudes towards death anxiety and end-of-life care. An effective educational program should be developed and implemented among paramedic students to improve their awareness of death and anxiety hospices knowledge.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.530-536
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• 2021

Recently, due to the development of deep learning, end-to-end speech recognition, which directly maps graphemes to speech signals, shows good performance. Especially, among the end-to-end models, conformer shows the best performance. However end-to-end models only focuses on the probability of which grapheme will appear at the time. The decoding process uses a greedy search or beam search. This decoding method is easily affected by the final probability output by the model. In addition, the end-to-end models cannot use external pronunciation and language information due to structual problem. Therefore, in this paper conformer with lexicon transducer is proposed. We compare phoneme-based model with lexicon transducer and grapheme-based model with beam search. Test set is consist of words that do not appear in training data. The grapheme-based conformer with beam search shows 3.8 % of CER. The phoneme-based conformer with lexicon transducer shows 3.4 % of CER.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.643-646
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• 2005

In this paper, we present a service model which serves multimedia contents to end consumer(End-user) that have various mobile communication terminals under a communication & broadcasting converged environment that broadcasting and communication networks are linked. A main feature of this service model is that it has a distribution structure that deliver to end consumer via adaptation of content from production of contents offering End to End (E2E) media QoS and personalized contents consumption. The proposed service model may be used as a reference model for distribution of multimedia content in communication & broadcasting converged environment in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.449-455
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• 2004

This paper presents a novel defect detection method for one chip RF front end with fault detection circuits using input matching measurement. We present a BIST circuit using 40.25{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. We monitor the input transient voltage of the RF front end to differentiate faulty and fault-free RF front end. Catastrophic as well as parametric variation fault models are used to simulate the faulty response of the RF front end. This technique has several advantages with respect to the standard approach based on current test stimulus and frequency domain measurement. Because DUT and fault detection circuits are implemented in the same chip, this test technique only requires use of digital voltmeter (RMS meter) and RF voltage source generator for simpleand inexpensive testing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.1431-1434
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• 2001

E-Business 성공은 기존의 제품 마케팅 차원을 넘어서 전자상거래를 비롯한 기반 IP 기술의 지원과 관리에 있다. 새로운 e-Business를 시작하는 대부분의 중소형사업자는 e-Business Outsourcing Value Chain을 이용하여 서비스를 제공하고 있으며, 그중 가장 중요한 카운터 파트너로서 Web HSP를 들고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Web HSP와 사용자사이에서 제공되는 웹서비스의 새로운 패러다임에서 SLA 구조와 컴포넌트를 Network, Hosting, Application, Management 관점에서 정의하고, 이를 관리하기 위한 SLA Management 구조를 제시하였다. 본 논문의 결과로 고객은 자신의 사업에 적합한 SLA 파라미터를 제시하는 Web HSP를 찾게 될 것이며, Web HSP는 고객에게 필요한 SLA의 컴포넌트 제공과 효율적인 관리 기능을 수행함으로 서비스의 경쟁력을 얻게 될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.562-565
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• 2009

이종 망 환경에서 멀티미디어 서비스의 QoS를 보장하는 것은 3GE 시스템 개발을 위한 중요한 이슈이다. 이동 단말기가 이종 망간의 이동 시 끊임없는 서비스(seamless service)를 지원하기 위해서는 종단간(end-to-end) 협상 정보에 근거하여 사용자의 QoS를 보장할 수 있는 QoS 운영 구조(QoS management structure)를 제공해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 SLA(Service Level Agreement)에 기반한 종단간 QoS 제어 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위하여, QoS 지원을 위한 SLA 제어 구조 및 알고리즘을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 평균 지연과 패킷 손실률을 평가한다. 제안된 방식을 적용한 시스템이 기존의 망보다 더 좋은 성능을 보인다.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.110-113
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• 2002

FS-VDSL은 B-PON과 VDSL을 이용하여 가입자에게 디지털TV, VOD, 초고속인터넷, 전화 등을 총 망라한 Full Service를 제공하기 위해 필요한 모든 망구조 및 프로토콜에 대해서 규정한다. FS-VDSL의 전신은 FSAN xDSL working group이며, FSAN에서 정의한 B-PON을 기본적인 액세스망으로 정의하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 End-to-end Full Service 제공을 위하여 FS-VDSL에서 솔루션으로 제시하고 있는 하이브리드 코어망, B-PON 및 VDSL 액세스망, Ethernet 홈네트워크를 포함하는 End-to-end 망구조 및 각각의 프로토콜에 대하여 살펴본다. 또한 Full Service의 핵심인 영상서비스 수용을 위하여 효율적인 비디오 트래픽 전달이 가능한 비디오 인켑슐레이션 프로토콜 및 DBTV 채널변경 프로토콜 등에 대하여 살펴보고, FS-VDSL에서 제시하는 방안을 이용한 KT의 브로드밴드 망구축 적용성에 대해 살펴본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10c
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• pp.263-265
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• 2000

인터넷에서 멀티미디어 서비스 및 고품질의 서비스를 제공하기 위한 다양한 모델들이 제시되고 있다. 기존의 Integrated Service(Intserv)나 Differentiated Service(Diffserv)가 확장성과 종단간의 QoS 보장 측면에서 문제점을 보이면서 최근에는 이들을 통합하려는 시도가 나오고 있다. 그러나 각 모델의 기존 구조가 다르기 때문에 자연스럽게 연결되는(Seamless) 통합 네트워크를 제시하는데 상당한 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷에서 종단간의 QoS을 보장하기 위해 제시된 모델들의 특성을 살펴보고, 현재 제시되고 있는 통합 모델의 형태를 분석한다. 이를 토대로 Bandwidth Broker(BB)의 새로운 역할을 제시하여 통합 모델에 대한 연구의 방향을 설정하고, 종단간 서비스 품질을 보장할 수 있는 통합 네트워크의 구조를 제안한다.