• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.166-179
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze what has changed in Seoul National University (SNU) since its incorporation, focusing on the perceptions and experiences of its internal members. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of SNU, professors, staff, and students. The interview results were presented by categorizing them into changes in the overall evaluation of the incorporation, positive and negative changes, education, research, social contribution, and operating system. Overall, with regard to the changes after incorporation, the members of SNU showed a common perception that it was difficult to feel the change or that there was little change. As for positive changes, they mentioned the expansion of university finances, increased autonomy in operation, and improved responsiveness to environmental changes. As for negative changes, they mentioned the ambiguity of SNU's legal status, and the excessive increase of direct and aggressive influence from outside. In the last part, the main findings were summarized and their meaning and implications were discussed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.261-275
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• 2003

Truss members built-up with double angles back-to-back have monosymmetric cross-section and twisting always accompanies flexion upon the onset of buckling about the axis of symmetry. Approximate formulae for calculating the buckling capacity are presented in this paper for routine design purpose. For a member susceptible only to flexural buckling, its optimal cross-section should consist of slender plate elements so as to get larger radius of gyration. But, occurrence of twisting changes the situation owing to the weakness of thin plates in resisting torsion. Criteria for limiting the leg slenderness are discussed herein. Truss web members in compression are usually considered as hinged at both ends for out-of-plane buckling. In case one (or both) end of member is not supported laterally by bracing member, its adjoining members have to provide an elastic support of adequate stiffness in order not to underdesign the member. The stiffness provided by either compression or tension chords in different cases is analyzed, and the effect of initial crookedness of compression chord is taken into account. Formulae are presented to compute the required stiffness of chord member and to determine the effective length factor for inadequately constrained compressive diagonals.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.122-129
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate both the fundamental and some higher natural frequencies and mode shapes of compressive members resting on the linear elastic foundation. The model of compressive member is based on the classical Bernoulli-Euler beam theory. The differential equation governing free vibrations of such members subjected to an axial load is derived and solved numerically for calculating the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The Improved Euler method is used to integrate the differential equation and the Determinant Search method combined with the Regula-Falsi method to determine the natural frequencies, respectively. In numerical examples, the hinged-hinged, hinged-clamped, clamped-hinged and clamped-clamped end constraints are considered. The convergence analysis is conducted for determining the available step size in the Improved Euler method. The validation of theories developed herein is also conducted by comparing the numerical results between this study and SAP 90. The non-dimensional frequency parameters are presented as the non-dimensional system parameters: section ratio, modulus parameter and load parameter. Also typical mode shapes are presented.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.867-891
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• 2016

This paper addresses numerically the behavior of steel structures under Fire-after-Earthquake (FAE) loading. The study is focused on a four-storey library building and takes into account the damage that is induced in structural members due to earthquake. The basic objective is the assessment of both the fire-behavior and the fire-resistance of the structure in the case where the structure is damaged due to earthquake. The combined FAE scenarios involve two different stages: during the first stage, the structure is subjected to the ground motion record, while in the second stage the fire occurs. Different time-acceleration records are examined, each scaled to multiple levels of the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in order to represent more severe earthquakes with lower probability of occurrence. In order to study in a systematic manner the behavior of the structure for the various FAE scenarios, a two-dimensional beam finite element model is developed, using the non-linear finite element analysis code MSC-MARC. The fire resistance of the structure is determined using rotational limits based on the ductility of structural members that are subjected to fire. These limits are temperature dependent and take into account the level of the structural damage at the end of the earthquake and the effect of geometric initial imperfections of structural members.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.545-554
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• 2018

This study presents a novel method of improving the strength and stiffness of cold-formed steel (CFS) beams. Flexural members are primary members in most of the structures. Hence, there is an urgent need in the CFS industry to look beyond the conventional CFS beam sections and develop novel techniques to address the severe local buckling problems that exist in CFS flexural members. The primary objective of this study was to develop new CFS composite beam sections with improved structural performance and economy. This paper presents an experimental study conducted on different CFS composite beams with simply supported end conditions under four point loading. Material properties and geometric imperfections of the models were measured. The test strengths of the models are compared with the design strengths predicted by using Australian/New Zealand Standard for cold-formed steel structures. Furthermore, to ensure high precision testing, a special testing rig was also developed for testing of long span beams. The description of test models, testing rig features and test results are presented here. For better interpretation of results, a comparison of the test results with a hot rolled section is also presented. The test results have shown that the proposed CFS composite beams are promising both in terms of better structural performance as well as economy.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1329-1339
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• 1994

The purpose of present study is to explore the mechanical behavior of anchorage zones in prestressed concrete members with single and closely-spaced multiple tendon anchorages. The cracking loads and local stress distributions at these anchorage zones are studied. To this end, a series of experiments have been conducted. From this study, it is found that the failure of anchorage zones of the closely-spaced multiple tendon members is initiated by cracking along the tendon path and that the tensile stresses arising in the vicinity of anchorage zone of the first tendon are reduced due to additional compression of the second tendon. This results in the increase of cracking capacity of the member. The effects of multiple tendons are presented in the form of strain distribution and cracking load comparisons.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.363-394
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• 2012

WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) was designed to liberalize and expand trade in government procurement. Revised GPA was implemented in 1996 and the latest revision was completed (but not yet implemented) in 2012, but as a plurilateral agreement. Since the end of the UR, there has been attempts by various WTO members to liberalize trade in the government procurement market - through an expansion of Parties who are signatories to GPA, and through a negotiated agreement on transparency in government procurement. The attempt to expand the Parties who are signatories to the GPA - attempt to increase the width of the coverage of the agreement - has been somewhat successful, but I argue that the goal should be to further liberate the government procurement markets of the current Party members - to reduce thresholds and other barriers which limit market access even to other GPA members, in other words, to increase the depth of coverage. Taking cue from Korea's FTA, I propose a two-level liberalization of the government procurement market under the GPA: A "light" level which would be the same as the current level of liberalization; and a "deep" level with lower thresholds and less exemptions. I argue that, as seen in Korea, with FTAs, many GPA Parties already have multiple levels of liberalization (i.e, spaghetti-bowl effect of FTAs), but by limiting the levels of liberalization to two, we can seek the best of deep liberalization but reduce the spaghetti-bowl effect.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.873-880
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internal control on credit risk of joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam from 2007 to 2018. Furthermore, we specify bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic conditions, and analyze how these factors affect credit risk of banks: the number of board members, the number of board members with banking or finance background as ratio of total board members, loans to total assets ratio, loans to deposit ratio, the number of days between the year-end and the publication of the financial statements, and the use of top four auditing firms proxy for five elements of internal control. By using the dataset of 30 Vietnamese joint stock commercial banks and Bayesian linear regression via Random-walk Metropolis Hastings algorithm, the results of this study show that five elements of internal control have a impact on bank credit risk, namely, control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities. For factors of banks' characteristics, bank size and financial leverage have a negative impact on banks' credit risk, and bank age has a positive effect. For macroeconomic factors, inflation has a positive impact and economic growth has a negative impact on banks' credit risk.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.1E
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

It is expected that recent development of mechanical models will soon supersede previous empirical methods of detailing. In this study, a mechanical model is proposed to analyze the behavior of the anchorage zone of prestressed concrete members. The main characteristics of the proposed model lies in its rational consideration of material properties such as concrete strength in biaxial stress state and that of local zone reinforced by spirals. The shear friction strength of concrete surrounding a spiral is also considered. The computational results of the proposed model as well as the existing Strut-and-Tie model(STM) and nonlinear finite element analysis are compared with experimental results. The results of the comparison revealed that the proposed model showed better prediction of the failure mode as well as the failure load. Additionally, the proposed model also explained the three-dimensional failure mechanism very well, while other methods based on two-dimensional analysis could not do so well.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.112-124
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• 1993

It has been reported that fatigue damage sometimes occurred at the stress concentrated and dynamic loaded structural members of bulk carrier. In this paper, studies on fatigue strength of hull structures are reviewed, and the program for evaluating fatigue strength is developed. And the fatigue crack initiation and propagation on the end part of cargo hold frame of bulk carrier were calculated by FEM stress analysis and the fatigue strength evaluation program. These method can be applied not only to the crack initiation life but also to crack propagation life for the hull structural members at the hull design stage and be effective as the guideline to prevent the crack initiation or to estimate the fatigue strength for repairing of the fatigue damaged structures of real ships.