• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2019

인공광 식물공장에서는 작물을 생산하기 위하여 일반적으로 화학비료 유래 무기성분을 포함하는 배양액을 시용하여 수경재배한다. 본 연구에서는 광질이 상이한 식물공장에서 관행의 무기배양액 일부 또는 전량을 유기배양액으로 대체할 수 있는 폐기 농업부산물 유래 유기배양액을 시용하여 수경재배하고 작물의 생장에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 청색, 적색 및 백색 LED를 1:2:1의 비율로 혼합한 혼합LED 및 관행의 형광등 조사 조건에서 적치마와 청치마 상추 실생묘를 35일간 수경재배한 결과, 적치마와 청치마 상추의 생체중 및 전개엽수 증가는 형광등을 조사한 Y구에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 유·무기 혼합배양액 처리구인 YK 및 YTJ에서는 오히려 혼합LED 조사구에서 증가하였다. 유기배양액 단용 또는 유·무기 혼합배양액 처리시 엽내 SPAD치는 두 실생묘 모두 Y구와 유사하거나 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관행의 무기배양액인 Y구에서 배양액내 구성성분 중 가장 많은 양을 차지하고 있는 무기성분인 NO₃-N은 재배 개시일에 약 97 mg/L으로, 적치마와 청치마 상추 실생묘에서 모두 재배기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 적치마의 경우 재배종료시 각 처리구별 NO₃-N 농도는 형광등 조사시 약 29 mg/L, 혼합LED 조사시 24 mg/L였으며, 청치마의 경우 형광등 조사시 약 26 mg/L, 혼합LED 조사시 47 mg/L로, 초기 투입량 대비 25~48% 정도의 양이 재배종료시까지 흡수되지 않고 남아 있었다. 재배개시일 NH₃-N 농도는 Y구3-N 잔여량은 약 13%로 최대값을 나타내었다. 관행의 무기배양액내 질산태질소는 작물체에 흡수되어 생체중, 엽수 증가와 같은 지상부 생장을 좌우하는 주요 성분이지만 재배종료시까지 전량이 흡수되지 않고 남아 있는 것으로 보아 상추 수경재배시 배양액내 질산태질소의 초기 투입량을 조절할 필요성이 대두되었다. 연구결과 농업부산물 유래 유기배양액을 활용하여 적치마와 청치마 상추를 수경재배할 경우 유기배양액 단용보다 유·무기 혼합배양액 시용으로 유기배양액내 부족한 질소 성분을 무기질소로 보충할 수 있어 무기성분 사용량 저감이 기대된다. 또한 상추 실생묘의 양적생장 추이와 달리 엽내 색소합성이 관행 무기배양액보다 특정 유기배양액 단용 또는 혼용에 의해 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 보아 작물체내 물질합성량, 유기배양액 사용기간 및 재이용 등 유기배양액의 화학적 특성 변화에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.69-86
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• 1969

인삼식물의 종간교잡에 있어서 일대잡종식물은 양친에 대하여 약 1.6~3.0배의 강제를 나타내지만 심한 불임현상으로 거의 잡종 제삼세대를 얻을수 없었다는 점에서 그 원인을 밝히고저 고려인삼${\times}$인 미국인삼의 잡종에 대한 발생학적조사관찰을 하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 잡종인삼의 영양생장은 양친과 같이 정상적이며 강세를 나타내나 생식생장에서는 심한 조해를 받는다. 2. 생식기관형성에 있어서도 감수분열기 이전까지는 제조직의 발생은 거의 정상적으로 진행된다. 3. 대포자모세포나 소포자모세포의 감수분 장과정은 심한 불규칙성을 나타내며 어떠한 것은 분열직전부터 퇴화되기 시작한다. 4. 소포자모세포의 핵분열에 있어서 제1분열 중기 또는 후기에 일가염색체 또는 염색체교 등이 출현하는 이상분열상을 관찰할 수 있었으나 감수분열이 끝난 것은 역시 사분자가 대부분이고 이분자나 사분자 이상의 소포자형성은 볼 수 없었다. 5. 소포자형성 또는 화분형성과정에 있어서 한 약내에서 여러 단계의 발육상을 볼 수 있었다. 6. 거대, 미소, 공허화분은 극히 적었다.(Fig. 23). 7. 대포자모세포기 이후 배주의 발육속도는 전반적으로 지연된다. 8. 감수분열을 마친 후 대포자는 오분자를 형성하는 것도 있다.(Fig. 5). 9. 대개는 합점측의 대포자가 활성화하는데 중간에 위치하는 것이 활성대포자인 것도 불 수 있다.(Fig. 6). 10. 배주의 퇴화는 대포자모세포기부터 팔핵배낭기까지 사이에 일어나는데 그 시작 시기는 개체마다 조만이 있으며 각양각색이다. 11.0 대포자의 배열은 양친에서는 선장, 중간형인데 F1에서는 선장, 중간형, T형, ㅗ형 등 여러 가지 형을 볼 수 있다.(Fig. 5, 7). 12. 배주에 있어서 감수분열이나 배낭핵분열 또는 배낭형성에 불규칙성에 심할수록 합점기부에 잔재하는 배심조직이 크다(Fig. 8, 10). 13. 배낭형성기까지 도달한 것이라 하더라도 배낭핵은 항시 불안정하여 정해진 장소에 배치되지 못한다.(Fig. 10, 11, 12). 14. 배유조직을 결한 배낭내에 선장의 4세포원배를 형성한 것을 볼 수 있었다.(Fig. 20) 15. 인삼의 잡종에 있어서의 불임원인을 다음과 같이 추정하였다. a) 잡종의 불임현상은 교잡에 의한 Gene-action system의 재조합으로 생체대사계에 혼란을 일으켜 배우자형성세포와 위요세포간의 우열관계가 전도되여 성적결함을 가져오는데 있다고 보았다. 즉 정상배낭에서는 배우자형성세포는 그것을 둘러싸고 있는 위요세포보다 크고 농염되며 활성적이어서 위요세포를 소화흡수하여 발육케 된다. 그러나 퇴화배낭에서는 재조합으로 인한 세포질의 변화는 극성 (Polarity) 또는 내생리듬 (Endogneousrhythm)의 변화 혹은 교란을 가져와 발육과정에서 성적결함을 일으켜 불임으로 된다고 추정하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.861-876
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• 1965

During my stay in the Netherlands, I have studied the following, primarily in relation to the Mokpo Yong-san project which had been studied by the NEDECO for a feasibility report. 1. Unit hydrograph at Naju There are many ways to make unit hydrograph, but I want explain here to make unit hydrograph from the- actual run of curve at Naju. A discharge curve made from one rain storm depends on rainfall intensity per houre After finriing hydrograph every two hours, we will get two-hour unit hydrograph to devide each ordinate of the two-hour hydrograph by the rainfall intensity. I have used one storm from June 24 to June 26, 1963, recording a rainfall intensity of average 9. 4 mm per hour for 12 hours. If several rain gage stations had already been established in the catchment area. above Naju prior to this storm, I could have gathered accurate data on rainfall intensity throughout the catchment area. As it was, I used I the automatic rain gage record of the Mokpo I moteorological station to determine the rainfall lntensity. In order. to develop the unit ~Ydrograph at Naju, I subtracted the basic flow from the total runoff flow. I also tried to keed the difference between the calculated discharge amount and the measured discharge less than 1O~ The discharge period. of an unit graph depends on the length of the catchment area. 2. Determination of sluice dimension Acoording to principles of design presently used in our country, a one-day storm with a frequency of 20 years must be discharged in 8 hours. These design criteria are not adequate, and several dams have washed out in the past years. The design of the spillway and sluice dimensions must be based on the maximun peak discharge flowing into the reservoir to avoid crop and structure damages. The total flow into the reservoir is the summation of flow described by the Mokpo hydrograph, the basic flow from all the catchment areas and the rainfall on the reservoir area. To calculate the amount of water discharged through the sluiceCper half hour), the average head during that interval must be known. This can be calculated from the known water level outside the sluiceCdetermined by the tide) and from an estimated water level inside the reservoir at the end of each time interval. The total amount of water discharged through the sluice can be calculated from this average head, the time interval and the cross-sectional area of' the sluice. From the inflow into the .reservoir and the outflow through the sluice gates I calculated the change in the volume of water stored in the reservoir at half-hour intervals. From the stored volume of water and the known storage capacity of the reservoir, I was able to calculate the water level in the reservoir. The Calculated water level in the reservoir must be the same as the estimated water level. Mean stand tide will be adequate to use for determining the sluice dimension because spring tide is worse case and neap tide is best condition for the I result of the calculatio 3. Tidal computation for determination of the closure curve. During the construction of a dam, whether by building up of a succession of horizontael layers or by building in from both sides, the velocity of the water flowinii through the closing gapwill increase, because of the gradual decrease in the cross sectional area of the gap. 1 calculated the . velocities in the closing gap during flood and ebb for the first mentioned method of construction until the cross-sectional area has been reduced to about 25% of the original area, the change in tidal movement within the reservoir being negligible. Up to that point, the increase of the velocity is more or less hyperbolic. During the closing of the last 25 % of the gap, less water can flow out of the reservoir. This causes a rise of the mean water level of the reservoir. The difference in hydraulic head is then no longer negligible and must be taken into account. When, during the course of construction. the submerged weir become a free weir the critical flow occurs. The critical flow is that point, during either ebb or flood, at which the velocity reaches a maximum. When the dam is raised further. the velocity decreases because of the decrease\ulcorner in the height of the water above the weir. The calculation of the currents and velocities for a stage in the closure of the final gap is done in the following manner; Using an average tide with a neglible daily quantity, I estimated the water level on the pustream side of. the dam (inner water level). I determined the current through the gap for each hour by multiplying the storage area by the increment of the rise in water level. The velocity at a given moment can be determined from the calcalated current in m3/sec, and the cross-sectional area at that moment. At the same time from the difference between inner water level and tidal level (outer water level) the velocity can be calculated with the formula $h= \frac{V^2}{2g}$ and must be equal to the velocity detertnined from the current. If there is a difference in velocity, a new estimate of the inner water level must be made and entire procedure should be repeated. When the higher water level is equal to or more than 2/3 times the difference between the lower water level and the crest of the dam, we speak of a "free weir." The flow over the weir is then dependent upon the higher water level and not on the difference between high and low water levels. When the weir is "submerged", that is, the higher water level is less than 2/3 times the difference between the lower water and the crest of the dam, the difference between the high and low levels being decisive. The free weir normally occurs first during ebb, and is due to. the fact that mean level in the estuary is higher than the mean level of . the tide in building dams with barges the maximum velocity in the closing gap may not be more than 3m/sec. As the maximum velocities are higher than this limit we must use other construction methods in closing the gap. This can be done by dump-cars from each side or by using a cable way.e or by using a cable way.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.241-253
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• 2003

가정배달급식을 통해 노인에게 제공하기 위해 wrap 포장, 상압 및 진공포장 처리되어 모의로 생산된 표고고기전, 갈치조림, 더덕구이를 상온($25^{\circ}C$), 냉장(4$^{\circ}C$) 및 냉동(-18$^{\circ}C$)에서 각각 5일간 저장하면서 포장방법 및 저장조건에 따른 이화학적, 미생물학적 품질 변화를 평가한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 이화학적 품질변화에서 pH는 저장온도별로 차이를 보여 실온저장 시, 1일째 급격히 떨어졌다가 3일부터 증가하였고, 냉장 및 냉동저장 시에는 저장 1일부터 근소하게 증가하였으며, 포장방법간에 뚜렷한 차이는 없었으나 wrap 포장, 상압포장, 진공포장의 순으로 낮아지는 경향이었는데, 더덕구에서는 표고고기전과 갈치조림에 비해 수치가 낮았다. Aw는 실온저장 시, wrap 및 상압포장에서 1일째 유의적으로 감소하였으나, 냉장저장에서는 감소율이 낮았고, 더덕구이에서는 다른 음식에 비해 약간 낮았다. VBN은 저장기간이 경과할수록, 저장온도가 높을수록 높았고, 포장방법 별로는 wrap 포장군에서 상압 및 진공포장군에 비해 높은 경향을 보여 실온저장 5일째 표고고기전과 갈치조림에서 크게 증가하였으며, 더덕구이는 전반적으로 상당히 낮았다. POV는 전반적으로 실온저장 시, 저장 1일부터 유의적으로 증가하였고, 냉장 및 냉동저장에서는 증가율이 낮았으며, 진공포장은 산패를 지연시켰다. 2. 미생물학적 품질변화에서 표준평판균수는 실온저장 1일부터 급격하게 증가하였는데, 더덕구이에서는 wrap 포장에서 저장 5일까지 계속해서 유의적으로 증가하였고, 냉장저장 시, 진공포장에서는 증식이 저장 5일까지 억제되었으며 냉동저장 시, 갈치조림의 상압 및 진공포장에서는 극히 낮게 검출되었다. 대장균군은 표고고기전의 실온저장시, wrap 포장에서 저장 5일째 유의적으로 증가하여 허용한계치에 근접하였고, 표고고기전과 갈치조림의 냉장저장 시, 저장 3일부터 균수가 낮았고, 적용된 음식 모두 냉동저장 시, 진공포장에서는 저장 5일간 검출되지 않았다. 포도상구균은 표고고기전의 실온저장 시, 3일째 wrap 및 상압포장에서 허용한계치를 초과하였고, 냉장저장 시, wrap 포장에서만 저장 5일째 허용한계치를 초과하였다. 갈치조림에서는 모든 저장온도에서 5일간 검출되지 않았고, 더덕구이에서는 냉장 및 냉동저장 시, 저장 5일간 검출되지 않았으나, 실온저장 시, wrap 포장에서는 저장 3일부터, 상압포장에서는 저장 5일째 허용한계치를 약간 초과하였다. 한편, 살모넬라, 비브리오, 병원성 대장균 O157:H7, 리스테리아균은 모두 검출되지 않았다. 3. 포장방법 및 저장조건에 따른 이화학적, 미생물학적 품질변화에 영향을 주는 변인 분석 결과, Aw는 저장온도, 포장방법 및 저장기간에, VBN은 저장온도 및 기간에 유의적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 표준평판균수는 표고고기전에서 저장온도와 저장기간에, 갈치조림에서 포장방법 및 저장기간에 영향을 받았고, 더덕구이의 표준평판균수, 대장군균, 포도상구균은 모두 포장방법에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 가정배달급식을 통해 제공되는 음식의 이화학적, 미생물학적 품질을 유지하기 위해서는 진공포장 처리되어 냉장 및 냉동에서 3일간 저장하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.72-105
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• 2011

본 연구는 전북 완주군 동상면 대아리 산1-2번지의 도유림인 속칭 가막골 금낭화군락지의 천연보호구역적 가치를 검토하는 한편 금낭화군락지의 적정 생육환경을 구명하고 이를 바탕으로 금낭화군락지의 보전을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 시도 되었다. 이를 위해 문헌 및 인터넷조사를 통해 '금낭화의 형태적 생태적 특성'과 '국내 천연기념물 초본군락의 지정현황 및 문제점'을 살펴보는 한편 현지조사를 통해 금낭화군락의 광환경, 토양환경, 식생조건 등을 조사 분석하여 가막골 금낭화군락지의 천연보호구역적 가치를 파악하고자 한 연구 결과는 아래와 같다. 국내 금낭화 자생군락지를 분석한 결과, 금낭화는 전국의 산지에 고루 분포되고 있으며 이 중 완주 가막골 금낭화군락지의 서식규모는 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 금낭화군락지 분포에 대한 문헌 및 현지조사 결과, 준고냉지에서 생육이 월등하며, 생육왕성기인 5월의 풍부한 강수량은 금낭화 생육에 매우 필수적인 것으로 보아 가막골 금낭화군락지는 매우 전형적 기상여건을 보이는 서식지라 판단된다. 한편 금낭화 고밀도분포 군락의 환경 분석 결과, 전석지(轉石地) 토양을 기반으로 고도 300~375m의 범위에 있었으며 평균고도는 344.5m이고 자생지의 좌향(坐向)은 북향 또는 북서향도 포함되나 북동향(NE)이 압도적이었으며 평균 경사는 $19.5^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 또한 광조건 분석 결과, 4월부터 8월까지 생육기간인 5개월간 군락 내 광도는 평균 30,810Lux 이었으며, 생육 초기에는 낮았고 후기로 갈수록 광도는 상승하는 경향이었다. 금낭화 자생조건은 4~5월 생육기에는 약 14,000~18,000Lux 정도의 광조건이었으며, 개화 이후에는 상대적으로 광도 증가와는 관련 없이 결실이 이루어지는 것으로 판단된다. 토양환경 분석 결과, 토양산도(pH)는 표토, 5.2~6.1, 심토, 5.2~6.2로 거의 유사한 범위를 보였으며 표토의 평균 토양pH는 5.54, 심토는 5.58로 이 조건은 비교대상 군락지와 거의 유사하고 전형성이 큰 것으로 추정됨에 따라 가막골의 토양 안정성은 매우 높다고 판단된다. 식생환경 분석 결과, 조사구별 금낭화의 개체수는 13~52개체까지 심한 편차를 보였으나 군락내 발견된 분류군(taxa)은 총 126종류로 순수군락을 유지하면서도 높은 종다양성이 확인되었다. 그리고 대아수목원 금낭화군락지는 금낭화, 미나리냉이, 거북꼬리, 이삭여귀, 물봉선 등이 우점하는 식물사회로 확인되었으며 군락내 식별종(Differential species)은 물봉선, 꼭두서니, 칡, 산딸기와 고추나무, 광대싸리, 개다래로 밝혀짐에 따라 지형 및 토양습도에 따라 전형적 하위군락으로 구분되는 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합할 때, 완주군 동상면 대아리 가막골 금낭화군락지는 탁월한 관상성을 가진 자생식물의 서식처임을 확인할 수 있고, 본 군락은 전국분포상의 금낭화 자생군락으로는 국내 최대 규모로 추정되며 기상 및 지형, 토양조건과 식생환경이 군락지의 지속적인 생육 환경을 보장할 수 있는 매우 탁월한 서식지로 판단된다. 따라서 전형적 서식조건과 지속가능성이 큰 가막골 금낭화군락은 당연히 천연보호구역적 가치가 매우 큰 것으로 사료된다.

• 심성연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.112-160
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• 2023

본 연구는, 한국민담 "하늘에서 빌려온 복"을 인간 심성이 표현된 자료로서 분석심리학적 입장에서 살피면서 인간 심성의 이해에 한층 더 다가가 보고자 하는 하나의 시도이다. 이로부터, 우리의 마음 깊은 곳에서는 새로운 차원의 의식성을 기획하고 실현하고자 하는 근원적 활동이 늘 펼쳐지고 있다는 것을 다시금 확인해 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 새로운 의식성을 이루게 될 심적 요소들이 무의식에서 어떻게 준비되며 어떻게 의식으로 통합되어 가는지, 나아가, 그 과정의 진행과 완성을 위해 필요한 것은 무엇인지에 관한 실마리를 얻을 수 있었다. 이야기는, 주인공 나무꾼이 가난에서 벗어나고자 두 배 많은 나뭇짐을 마련해 오기 시작하는 데서 시작한다. 그런데, 새로 구해온 짐은 하룻밤이 지나면 사라지고 만다. 이에 나무꾼은 의문을 품고 짐이 어디로 사라지는 것인지를 추적하려 하고, 그러다 뜻하지 않게 하늘 여행을 하게 되며, 마침내, 그간 짐을 거두어 간 게 하늘이라는 것, 그 이유는 그에게 허락된 복 분량이 한 짐뿐이기 때문이라는 것을 깨닫게 된다. 아울러, 태어나지 않은 어떤 이의 큰 복을 확인하고는, 그 복을, 장차 원래 주인에게 돌려주는 조건으로 빌려오게 된다. 이후의 이야기는, 나무꾼이 일련의 새로운 계기들을 만나면서 부농이 되는 과정, 마침내 복 주인이 등장하여 약속된 때에 복을 돌려주는 사건을 거쳐, 최종적인 대반전의 창조적 결말로 이어지게 된다. 전체 서사는, 복 주인에게 복이 온전히 이양된 후에 열리게 될 새로운 삶의 지평, 즉, 진화된 새로운 의식성의 실현을 목적하고 진행되는 일련의 심적 사건으로 이해될 만했다. 여기서 주인공 나무꾼은, 변화가 필요한 낡은 의식으로, 동시에, 새로운 의식성의 실현을 준비하며 장차 거기에 참여하게 될 심적 요소로, 이해해 볼 수 있었다. 그런 가운데, 주인공에게 일어났던 일련의 사건과 변화들은, 새롭게 등장할 의식성이 어떤 것인지에 대한 점층적·구체적 예고로 이해해 볼 수 있었다. 주인공은 이야기의 흐름 속에서 자신의 역할을 잘 수행해간다. 그러나 그런 그도, 복을 이양해야 하는 결정적 순간이 다가오자, 갈등과 고민이 깊어진다. 이는 새로운 의식성의 실현을 위한 마지막 과정의 어려움을 잘 시사해 준다. 특기할 것은, 이야기 속의 모든 심적 사건이 이 마지막 지점에 수렴되고 있었다는 점, 아울러, 문제의 해결이 결국은, 주인공이 자신이 누리고 있는 모든 걸다 내려놓고 하늘의 뜻에 온전히 따르는 순간 일어나고 있었다는 점이었다. 민담은, 새로운 의식성의 도래에는 그것에 참여하며 경험을 하게 될 이의 몫이 있음을, 그리고 이 몫은 그 전체 과정을 기획하고 진행해 온 정신 심층의 중심에 온전히 순응하는 것임을, 잘 시사해 주고 있었다. 그때 비로소 체험 주체가 그 최종 열매에 참여할 수 있게 되는 것이었다. 만약 체험 주체가 이에 반해 중간 단계의 어느 성과에 집착하며 머무르고자 한다면, 무의식은 최종 목적지를 향해 또 다른 험난한 과정을 전개할 수 있음을, 이는, 한 개인에서든 사회에서든, 새로운 차원의 의식성과 삶이 요청되는 곳에서라면 늘 적용되는 것임을, 본 민담은 아울러 시사해 주고 있었다.