• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.2 s.39
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• pp.107-110
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• 1979

An parasite, Anicetus beneficus was introduced from Japan to Jeju-do, Korea in 1975, and evaluated as a biological agent for control of the ruby scale, Ceroplastes rubens MASKELL. The results were as follows: 1. A major pest of citrus, ruby scale had one generation a year and hatched from late June to early August with the peak hatching in the middle of July. 2. A. beneficus was widely distributed in 16 citrus growing areas since released in 1975. 3. The pnupulation of ruby scales was considerably decreased by increasing of the parasites. Mean percent parasitism of A. beneficus was 1.7 in 1975, 14.1 in 1976, 31.0 in 1977 and 37.0 in 1978.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1997

Olfactometer was used to find the attractiveness of kairomone extracted from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) to the egg parasitoid (Ooencyrtus kuvanae). The attractiveness of kairomone extracted from scales and hairs which were attached to the surface of the eggs were higher than that of whole eggs with 79.9% and 67.6% respectively. The probing lantency of the egg parasitoid on the extract of scales and hairs were 115.5 sec. and that of whole eggs were 113.2 sec. Eggs taken from egg mass were shown 91.0% of attractiveness to the egg parasitoid, however only 15% of egg parasitoid were attracted by follicles dissected from the host ovary. The probing latency of egg mass was faster than that of follicles dissected from the host with 84.2 sec. and 114.0 sec. respectively. Egg parasitoid showed the most active attractiveness (88.0%), relatively longer examing period (89.2 sec.) and shorter probing latency (26.8 sec.) to the adhesive materials secreted from reproductive accessory glands of the host. Out of six organic solvents used for the extraction of kairomone from the host egg mass, n-hexane fraction received the most active response from xthe egg parasitoid and the parasitoid reared in vivo showed 3 times higher attractiveness to the n-hexane fraction than that of in vitro.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.3 s.64
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• pp.157-162
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• 1985

Leaf damage rate and actual damaged leaf area by the apple leaf miner (ALM), Phyllonorycter ringoniella(Matsumura), and its parasitism were investigated in 1982 and 1983 in apple orchards. Percent leaf damage was higher in the occasionally sprayed orchards than in the periodically sprayed orchards from May to August, but the trend was reversed after September. Seasonal changes of the leaf damage seemed to be different with the varieties of apple trees. A few species of Eulophidae and Holcothorax testaceipes R. of Encyrtidae were the predominant parasites of the ALM. Overall percent parasitism was highest in the 5th (overwintering) generation, and conspicuously decreased in the 3rd-4th generation (July-August) when insecticides were sprayed periodically. Actual damaged leaf area per mine of the ALM was apparently different with the generations; $0.67cm^2$ for the 1st, $0.8{\sim}0.9cm^2$ for the 2nd-4th on the first growth shoot, and $1.49cm^2$ for the overwintered generation on the second growth shoot. When ALM leaf damage rate was about $53{\sim}73%$, the decrease in the photosynthetic area to the damaged leaf was about $6{\sim}8%$.