• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2022

This paper examines the main factors affecting the bank performance under the Basel II implementation in Vietnam, a transitional economy in Asia. We pay special attention to the implementation duration of the Basel II convention and how it affects profitability. Thereby, we can evaluate the effectiveness of Basel II in the whole system according to the roadmap to 2020. We employ the panel data regression method to analyze a sample of 300 bank-year observations from 25 commercial banks during the 2008-2019 period. Our empirical findings show that the size of the bank, net interest margin, state ownership, and Basel II convention have positive effects on bank profitability. However, our empirical findings indicate that bank age and branch number negatively reduce bank performance. Finally, our results indicate that commercial banks earn extra profit from delaying the implementation of Basel II. However, commercial banks will encounter higher credit, and operational risks arising from delaying the implementation of Basel II standards. Therefore, our study contributes to the insights into the bank's management to enhance profitability, especially after implementing Basel II in a transitional economy. Finally, our study also provides policy implications for bank managers and banking supervisory to maintain the sustainable development of the banking system.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2018

In level 3 automated vehicles, drivers are expected to encounter transition of control when the system reaches its limit. Drivers need to refocus their attention on the road ahead and gain situational awareness. Appropriate information should be conveyed during this period in order to prevent human errors. In this paper, we defined the takeover process as 'in-the-middle-of-the-loop' and conducted Task Analysis and Work Domain Analysis to find out information requirements. As a result, we specified required information types and interface considerations. Moreover, we conducted an experimental study to find how the information types affect drivers on situation awareness, cognitive load and reaction time. Consequently, we found different information on system transparency should be conveyed depending on the urgency of takeover situation and driver guidance could help drivers with better situation awareness after the takeover.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.746-753
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate artificial fish shelter, which was known to increase prey survival and expand habitat space to improve species diversity and fish communities in a freshwater ecosystem. The experiment was performed at an outdoor test-bed for three months from 2011 by comparing the responses to adjustments in the volume of the artificial patch (juvenile fish shelter, JFS) in the control and experimental groups. Analysis of the environmental conditions over two periods (Period1 ~ 2) showed minor differences in the physichemical characteristics of water quality, phytoplankton, and zooplankton biomass, thus, allowing comparative analysis of feeding ecology. However, high water temperature conditions in Period1 ($25.6{\pm}2.0^{\circ}C$), affected the predation activity of the piscivorous fishes, Coreoperca herzi (C. herzi, size $89{\pm}4mm$). Survival rates of the prey fishes, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (R. oxycephalus, size $29{\pm}1mm$), improved as the patch volume increased and were higher than those of the control group by 35.9 ~ 46.7%. Analysis showed that JFS reduced the chances of predator-prey encounter, and thereby minimized prey vulnerability.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2003

Art theorists support art productions by, introducing them to the public, explaining their meanings, and playing a crucial part in the development of art. These tasks seem like their opus. Because the principles of art production and the artistic languages are quite different from the ordinaries, we need 'interpreters' who can mediate us and the artists. Art works need interpretation. And the interpretation includes not only the characteristics of the given art work, but the customs, history, and the unique qualities of the race that produced the art work. The former director of the Korean National Museum, Choi Soon-woo wrote on the characteristics of Korean art as those that stem from the poised, arbitrary, and non-elaborate state of mind. The statement of the former Director of the National Museum has its weight far greater than just a personal opinion. In fact, we encounter the same resonance of this statement over and over reproduced in the mass media. The problem lies on that it deals with not only a single art work, but the entire Korean art. And going further, this kind of remarks are already infused into every sector of our thought on art appreciation. In this paper, I argue for a re-reading of the characteristics of Korean beauty based on two reasons. First, the characteristic of art work is contemporary, thus we cannot define the characteristics of entire Korean art in a few words without the context of the period of its making. Second, Director Choi defined the characteristics that I pointed out above as 'natural' and 'nature-friendly.' Nature or being natural is not an usual word that defines the characteristics of art work, which stands for the opposite side of the nature in the binary opposition of nature/culture. To delve into these misunderstandings of Korean beauty in the popular notions of Korean art, I suggest the re-reading of three major articles on Korean art: Ryoo Jong-yeol's "Korean race and its art," Ko You-seup's reiteration of Ryoo's thesis called "Discourses in Korean Art History and Aesthetics," and Yoon Hee-soon's antithesis of Ryoo Jong-yeol titiled "Studies on Korean Art History."

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.482-487
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• 2004

Aims: This study was designed to determine the incidence of altered sensation in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Method: Seventy two patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between January, 1999 and December, 1999 constituted the study group. Seven patients were excluded because of lack of follow up. Sixty five patients were followed using objective and subjective neurologic testing during the period immediately following operation, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Age ranged from 17 to 38 years, with a mean of 24.5 years. Male patients were 21, female 44. Twenty eight bilateral sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy(BSSRO) of mandible were performed, 35 BSSRO with genioplasty, 2 genioplasties. Information on the degree of intraoperative nerve encounter was obtained from the surgical reports in 47 patients and was divided into the following three categories: (1) the nerve was not encountered in 23 patients; (2) the nerve was exposed in 11 patients; (3) the nerve was exposed and repositioned from the proximal segment in 13 patients. Results: Four patients reported altered nerve sensation of lower lip and/or chin(6.2%) at final follow up. Two patients underwent BSSRO and the other two patients BSSRO with genioplasty. Three of the patients underwent nerve exposure during the operation. Conclusion: We suggest that the nerve exposure during the operation might be partly responsible for nerve dysfunction after orthognathic surgery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2010

A Monte-Carlo simulation method is proposed which can take uncertainties of scale and location parameters of Gumbel distribution into account straightforwardly in evaluating significant design wave heights with respect to return periods. The uncertainties of design wave heights may directly depend on the amounts of uncertainties of scale parameter and those distributions may be followed by Gumbel distribution. In case of that the expected values of maximum significant wave height during lifetime of structures are considered to be the design wave heights, more uncertainties are happened than in those evaluated according to return periods with encounter probability concepts. In addition, reliability analyses on the armor units are carried out to investigate into the effects of the uncertainties of design wave heights on the probability of failure. The failure probabilities of armor units to 5% damage level for 50 return periods are evaluated and compared according to the methods of taking uncertainties of design wave heights into account. It is found that the probabilities of failure may be distributed into wide ranges of bounds when the uncertainties of design wave heights are assumed to be same as those of annual maximum significant wave heights.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1986

Simulation of the system thermal-hydraulic parameters was carried out following the KNUl (Korea Nuclear Unit-1) loss of normal feedwater transient sequence occurred on November 14, 1984. Results were compared with the plant transient data, and good agreements were obtained. Some deviations were found in the parameters such as the steam flowrate and the RCS (Reactor Coolant System) average temperature, around the time of reactor trip. It can be expected since the thermal-hydraulic parameters encounter rapid transitions due to the large reduction of the reactor thermal power in a short period of time and, thereby, the plant data involve transient uncertainties. The analysis was performed using the RELAP5/MOD1/NSC developed through some modifications of the interphase drag and the wall heat transfer modeling routines of the RELAP5/MOD1/CY018.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

When man first walked on this planet, injury must have been a close encounter of the first kind. The outbreak of World War I, during a period of rapid scientific growth in the basic sciences, demonstrated the need to develop better methods of care for the wounded, methods that were later applicable to the civilian population. Trauma is a multisystem disease and, as such, benefits from almost any advance in medical science. As we learn more about the physiology and the biochemistry of various organ systems, we can provide better management for trauma victims. Improved imaging techniques, better appreciation of physiologic tolerance, and increased understanding of the side effects of specific surgical procedures have combined to reduce operative intervention as a component of trauma patient care. On the other hand, because of this rapid development of medical science, only a few doctors still have the ability to treat multisystem injuries because almost doctor has his or her specialty, which means a doctor tends to see only patients with diagnoses in the doctor's specialty. Trauma Surgeons are physicians who have completed the typical general surgery residency and who usually continue with a one to two year fellowship leading to additional board certification in Surgical Critical Care. It is important to note that trauma surgeons do not need to do all kinds of operations, such as neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery. Trauma surgeons are not only a surgeon but also general medical practitioners who are very good at critical care and coordination of patient. In order to achieve the best patient outcomes, trauma surgeons should be involved in prehospital Emergency Medical Services, the Trauma Resuscitation Room, the Operating Room, the Surgical Intensive Care and Trauma Unit, the Trauma Ward, the Rehabilitation Department, and the Trauma Outpatient Clinic. In conclusion, according to worldwide experience and research, the trauma surgeon is the key factor in the trauma care system, so the trauma surgeon should receive strong support to accomplish his or her role successfully.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.589-592
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• 2016

The period of the previous multi-core could be helped to improve program performance, based on the development of the hardware. However, one of the core performance enhancements for this encounter limitations and become the common way of multi-core with multiple cores. Modern programming concurrency that improves the conventional method for using threads of the kernel level in order to use the multi-core come to the fore. Using modern lightweight thread concurrency programming is to optimize the benefits of multi-core. Also sharing the absence of available data that can change is a major consideration when writing concurrent code. This paper describes the key considerations when creating a discussion concurrent code, and these issues are being supported in any way in the language of one 'go' of technologies that support the modern concurrency, and even how to write better code concurrency.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.537-545
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• 2021

Due to the accelerated development and transformation of coastal waters by humans, damage to marine mammals is a concern. To understand how coastal development may affect marine mammals, it is essential to determine their distribution characteristics. In this study, the appearance of finless porpoises was confirmed by passive acoustic monitoring around the Southwest offshore wind farm in July, 2020. Although there were no visual observation results of finless porpoises in the research area, the clicks measured in the offshore wind farm were verified by comparing with acoustic characteristics of the clicks measured in the area with a high detection rate. During the experimental period, clicks of finless porpoises were recorded for ten consecutive days, and Clicks per Porpoise Positive Minute (CPPM) was 40.7 clicks min-1, Porpoise Positive Minutes (PPM) was 9.7 %, Encounter duration and waiting time were 18.2 min and 94.9 min respectively. This study provides information on the appearance of them in the Southwest offshore wind farm and this result may help to monitor the impact of marine mammals from wind farm operation.