• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.475-480
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• 1993

본 연구는 육류등급제 시행에 따라 유화형 소시지 제조시 원료육의 일반성분과 기능성 규명을 통해서 최소사격배합에 입력자료로서 사용될 원료육의 결착지수를 국내 실정에 맞도록 추정하고자 실시하였다. 각 원료육의 일반성분, 기능성 및 육색소 함량은 축종별 부위별로 다양한 수치를 보였으며 원료육의 결착력(cohesiveness)과 높은 상관산계를 갖는 것이 많았다. 특히 수분, 단백질함량과는 정의 상관관계를, 지방함량과는 부의 상관관계를 나타냄으로써 단지 일반성분 분석치만으로도 원료육의 결착성 추정을 위한 회귀식 산출이 가능하였다. 따라서 분석기기가 갖추어지지 않은 공장현장에서도 최소가격배합에 필요한 결착지수의 추정이 가능하며 기존의 결착지수가 밝혀지지 않은 원료육의 결착지수 추정도 가능하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1195-1204
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether addition of konjac gel with three different vegetable powders can increase quality of low-fat frankfurter-type sausage. Methods: Low-fat frankfurter-type sausages were manufactured with formulations containing konjac gel and three vegetable powders (aloe vera, cactus pear, or wheat sprout) as pork fat replacers. The formulations of frankfurters were as follows: NF (normal-fat; 20% pork fat), LF (low-fat; 10% pork fat), KG (low-fat; 10% pork fat+10% konjac gel), and konjac gel with three vegetable powders (KV), such as KV-AV (10% pork fat+10% konjac gel with aloe vera), KV-CP (10% pork fat+10% konjac gel with cactus pear), and KV-WS (10% pork fat+10% konjac gel with wheat sprout). Proximate analysis, pH value, color evaluation, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, emulsion stability, apparent viscosity, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluation were determined. Results: The konjac gel containing groups showed lower fat content (p<0.05) and higher moisture content than NF group (p<0.05). The pH value of frankfurters was decreased in three KV groups (p<0.05). The three KV groups had increased dark color (p<0.05) compared with KG, and KV-CP had the highest redness (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity and emulsion stability were higher in the three KV groups than KG and LF (p<0.05). Cooking loss was generally decreased in the three KV groups, compared with KG (p<0.05). The apparent viscosity of KV groups was similar with NF group and overall texture properties were improved in KV-CP. In the sensory evaluation, the highest overall acceptability was found in KV-CP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The four fat replacers improved physicochemical properties of low-fat frankfurters. Particularly, konjac gel with cactus pear powder seems more acceptable as a pork fat replacer.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1839-1845
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• 2010

멸치의 염용성 단백질 추출물을 5 및 10% 농도로 첨가하여 제조한 소시지의 저장성, 품질 및 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 소시지를 제조 후 $10^{\circ}C$에서 35일간 저장하면서 저장성을 알아본 결과, 생균수 및 VBN 함량은 첨가구와 무첨가구 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않아 추출물이 소시지의 품질에 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 멸치의 염용성 단백질 추출물이 소시지의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 유화안정성, pH, 수분함량, 색도 및 물성을 측정하고 관능평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 유화안정성, pH, 수분함량 및 색도는 저장기간 동안 첨가구와 무첨가구가 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 물성측정 결과, 경도는 염용성 단백질 추출물 첨가 농도가 높아짐에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 검성은 5% 첨가구가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 반면 10% 첨가구는 검성, 씹힘성, 응집성 및 복원성에서 유의적으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 관능평가 결과에서는 5% 첨가구가 외관의 형태 및 탄력성 항목에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 평가를 받았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, 소시지에 멸치 염용성 단백질 추출물을 5% 정도 첨가할 경우 무첨가구와 비교 시 조직감이 향상되고 관능적 선호도에서 탄력성이 좋은 평가를 받아 소시지의 결착력이 증진됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 멸치 염용성 단백질을 소시지에 첨가 시 품질향상과 더불어 단순한 가공 형태가 아닌 새로운 멸치 가공방법으로 차별성이 있으며, 저급 멸치의 사용으로 가격 경쟁력도 가지게 되어 제한된 멸치의 이용을 확대시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2003

감마선 조사에 의한 육제품의 색 변화를 최소화하기 위하여 함기, $CO_2, \;N_2$, 및 $CO_2/N_2$ 포장한 후 각 포장환경에 따른 소시지의 NO-Mb 함량 및 CIE color values를 측정하였다. 감마선 조사에 의해 NO-Mb 함량이 다소 감소하여 조사에 의한 denitrosylation이 일어나는 것으로 나타났으며, $CO_2/N_2$ 혹은 $CO_2$ 포장시 저장동안 NO-Mb 함량을 유지하는데 효과적이었다. CIE color values 중 $a^*$값은 감마선 조사 및 포장방법에 의한 유의적인 차이를 보였는데, 5kGy 이상의 감마선 조사시 $a^*$값이 감소하였으며, 함기포장구의 적색도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 $CO_2/N_2,\;CO_2$와 같은 가스치환 포장시 감마선 조사에 의한 육색변화를 억제하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.794-798
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• 2008

Guar gum and $\kappa$-carrageenan were investigated as a substitutes for phosphate in pork meat processing. Emulsion-type pork sausages were prepared in which 0.5% phosphate was used for the control, and either $\kappa$-carrageenan or guar gum were added at levels of 0.1 or 0.5% for comparison. The hydrocolloid compounds significantly enhanced water holding capacity and cooking loss. However, hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were not well-maintained when compared to the control; this was attributable to the altered water distribution as well as enhanced water holding capacity of the sausages by the addition of $\kappa$-carrageenan and guar gum. Furthermore, the phosphate-free sausages had similar storage stability as the phosphate-added sausage. Overall, the results suggest that $\kappa$-carrageenan or guar gum can be used in place of phosphate in conventional processing to successfully prepare phosphate-tree pork sausages.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.494-498
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• 2016

Cold plasma has been developed to reduce microbial contamination and to improve safety of food and medical products. In addition, the technology can be used in the manufacture of sausages without addition of nitrite. To be applied in food industry commercially, the new technology should be safe and efficient. However, toxicological test of plasma-treated food is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the mutagenicity and immune toxicity of the meat products cured with plasma-treated water (PTW) as a nitrite source. Emulsion sausages were prepared with no nitrite (control), sodium nitrite (SCS), and PTW (SCP). For a mutagenicity test, the Ames test was performed with the sausage samples. For immune toxicity test, 8-wk-old female Balb/c mice were given free access to the sausages in order to evaluate the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level. As a result, no mutagenicity was detected in the sausages by the Ames test. The serum TNF-α values were less than 10 pg/mL in mice after feeding control and treated samples for 32 d, indicating that no inflammatory response was occurred by feeding the sausages made by PTW. Therefore, the present study opens the possibility of using plasma-treated water as a nitrite source without any toxicity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2008

본 연구는 열풍 건조한 김치분말을 저지방 소시지에 0, 1, 2, 및 3 %로 첨가하여 돈육 유화물과 소시지의 품질특성을 조사하여 김치분말을 이용한 육제품의 활용성에 대한 연구를 실시하였다 김치분말의 낮은 pH의 영향으로 저지방 소시지의 pH를 저하시켰고 CIE L값을 낮추고, CIE a값과 CIE b 값을 증가시켰다(p<0.05). 김치분말의 수분흡수력의 영향으로 가열수율과 유화안정성을 증가시켰으며 점도 또한 증가시켜 3%의 김치분말을 첨가한 저지방 처리구가 대조구와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 관능검사에서도 우수한 평가를 받아 열풍건조 김치분말의 활용은 고품질의 기능성 소시지를 개발하는데 유용한 식품 소재가 될 것으로 보인다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

Breakfast sausages containing 1, 2, 3, and 4% sea tangle powder (Lamina japonica) were prepared. No differences were found in moisture, protein, and fat contents among the control and treatments. However, the ash content increased with increasing amounts of sea tangle powder (p<0.05). The pH levels in the treated samples were lower than the control in both the meat batters and the breakfast sausages (p<0.05). The $L^*$ and $a^*$ values of the meat batters and breakfast sausages were decreased by the addition of the sea tangle powder, and the control had the highest $b^*$ value (p<0.05). The added sea tangle powder improved cooking loss and improved emulsion stability. The T4 sample (containing 4% sea tangle powder) was shown to have the lowest cooking loss and water loss (p<0.05). The hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the treatments increased compared to the control due to the presence of dietary fibers in the sea tangle. In the sensory evaluations, the 1% sea tangle powder treatment received a lower color score, but received significantly higher scores for flavor, tenderness, and juiciness (p<0.05). Collectively, the breakfast sausage containing 1% sea tangle powder was determined to have the highest overall acceptability. Altogether, the best results, in terms of physicochemical and sensory properties, were obtained for the breakfast sausage containing 1% sea tangle powder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ageing time of lamb loins prior to freezing on technological characteristics and oxidation stability of coarse ground lamb loin sausage using in a model system. Methods: Lamb loins (M. longissimus lumborum, n = 25) were aged at $-1.5^{\circ}C$ for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 8 wk and then frozen for the remaining days (a total of 30 wk). The aged/frozen/thawed lamb loins were ground, and model sausages were formulated with 75% aged/frozen/thawed lamb loin, 25% water, 1.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate. The pH and thaw/purge loss of aged/frozen/thawed lamb loins were evaluated, and protein functionality (protein solubility and emulsifying capacity), water-holding capacity and textural properties of model sausages were determined. Cooked model sausages were vacuum-packaged in a plastic bag and displayed under continuous fluorescent natural white light ($3^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). Colour and lipid oxidation of the cooked model sausages were evaluated on 0 and 21 d of display storage. Results: Ageing prior to freezing had no impact on pH and purge/thaw loss of lamb loins and the colour of cooked sausages (p>0.05) made from the loins. Lamb loins aged for at least 3 wk prior to freezing numerically improved total and myofibrillar protein solubilities (p>0.05) and emulsion activity index (p = 0.009) of meat batter, but decreased cooking loss (p = 0.003) and lipid oxidation (p<0.05) of model sausages. Conclusion: This study suggests that post-mortem ageing of raw meat prior to freezing could improve water-holding capacity and lipid oxidative stability of sausage made from the meat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.858-864
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• 1999

육제품의 품질 개선을 위한 감마선 조사의 효과를 평가하기 위하여, 감마선 조사된 우육을 이용하여 유화형 소시지(bologna sausage)를 제조하였고, 항산화제와 감마선 조사를 병용처리하여 재구성 육제품인 햄버거 패티를 제조하였다. 3 kGy의 감마선 조사를 이용하여 기존의 첨가량에 비해 낮은 함량의 소금(1.2%)과 인산염(0.2­~0.3%)을 함유한 bologna sausage를 제조할 수 있었다. 또한, 3 kGy의 감마선을 이용하여 bologna sausage의 저장성에 있어서도 $10^{\circ}C$에서 30일 저장까지 어떠한 호기성 미생물의 생육도 검출되지 않았다. 햄버거 패티 제조시 BHA, ascorbyl palmitate, ${\alpha}-tocopherol,\;or\;{\beta}-carotene$을 200ppm 수준으로 첨가하여 제조된 최종제품에서 3 kGy의 감마선 조사는 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장 30일째까지 호기성 미생물의 생육이 발견되지 않았으며, 항산화제의 첨가로 감마선 조사에 의한 햄버거 패티의 지방산패를 억제시킬 수 있었다.