• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2345-2351
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• 2014

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, is a copper-dependent enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of lysine residues on protein substrates. LOXL2 was found to be overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in our previous research. We later identified a LOXL2 splicing variant LOXL2-delta72 and we overexpressed LOXL2-delta72 and its wild type counterpart in ESCC cells following microarray analyses. First, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of LOXL2 and LOXL2-delta72 compared to empty plasmid were applied to generate protein-protein interaction (PPI) sub-networks. Comparison of these two sub-networks showed hundreds of different proteins. To reveal the potential specific roles of LOXL2- delta72 compared to its wild type, the DEGs of LOXL2-delta72 vs LOXL2 were also applied to construct a PPI sub-network which was annotated by Gene Ontology. The functional annotation map indicated the third PPI sub-network involved hundreds of GO terms, such as "cell cycle arrest", "G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle", "interphase", "cell-matrix adhesion" and "cell-substrate adhesion", as well as significant "immunity" related terms, such as "innate immune response", "regulation of defense response" and "Toll signaling pathway". These results provide important clues for experimental identification of the specific biological roles and molecular mechanisms of LOXL2-delta72. This study also provided a work flow to test the different roles of a splicing variant with high-throughput data.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1999

In this research we proceeded experiments to find the basis which make it possible to explain the physical and pathological process of Sasang constitutional medicine, in the way substituting hematopoietic-immune system(essence of life, blood, Ki and mental faculties : 精血氣神) Under these suppositions, the essence of life(精) is the multipotent stem cell which has the possibility to be specialized to any cell, the Ki(氣), blood(血) and mental faculties(神) are inferred that they are formed from specialized the essence of life(精), the blood(血) is the red blood cells and etc. that appears as the result of the genesis of circulation system. The Ki(氣) is from specialized basic immunity, the mental faculties(神) means long-term memories or combined immunity. Cytokines can act as specilaizing, growing factors and particiate in extremly combined procedure being controlled by both positive and negative specializing signals. Blood gathering was carried out in the morning and on empty stomach. The plasma was seperated and Erythropoietin, Stem cell factor, Granulocyte-colony stimulaing factor, Tumor necrosis factor, interlukin-3, Interleukin-6 were measured with ELISA kit. According to the result of post analysis by Duncan, each constitution is different in SCF(stem cell factor), IL-6(interleukin-6), EPO(erythropoietin). The value of Stem cell factor is high in order of Soumin(少陰人), Soyangin(少陽人), and Taeumin(太陰人), The value of interleukin-6 is high in Taeumin, Soumin, and Soyangin. Erythropoietin is high in order of Soumin, Soyangin, and Taeumin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2555-2559
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate effects of the TESTIN (TES) gene on proliferation and migration of highly metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F and the related mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The target gene of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F was amplified by PCR and cloned into the empty plasmid pEGFP-N1 to construct a eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-TES. This was then transfected into 5-8F cells. MTT assays, flow cytometry and scratch wound tests were used to detect the proliferation and migration of transfected 5-8F cells. Results: A cell model with stable and high expression of TES gene was successfully established. MTT assays showed that the OD value of 5-8F/TES cells was markedly lower than that of 5-8F/GFP cells and 5-8F cells (p<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of 5-8F/TES cells was prominently increased compared with 5-8F/GFP cells and 5-8F cells (p<0.05). In vitro scratch wound assays showed that, the width of the wound area of 5-8F/TES cells narrowed slightly, while the width of the wound area of 5-8F/ GFP cells and 5-8F cells narrowed sharply, suggesting that the TES overexpression could inhibit the migration ability. Conclusions: TES gene expression remarkably inhibits the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F and reduces its migration in vitro. Thus, it may be a potential tumor suppressor gene for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3789-3795
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• 2014

This study aimed to analyze the expression, clinical significance of filamin A (FLNA) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and biological effects in a cell line by regulating FLNA expression. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to analyze FLNA protein expression in 70 cases of RCC and normal tissues to study the relationship with clinical factors. FLNA lentiviral and empty vectors were transfected into RCC to study the influence of up-regulated expression of FLNA. FLNA siRNA was transiently transfected into ACHN kidney carcinoma cells by a liposome-mediated method and protein was detected by Western blotting. The level of expression was found to be significantly lower in RCC than normal tissues (p<0.05). No correlation was noted with gender, age, tumor size or pathological types (p>0.05), but links with lymph node metastasis, clinic stage and histological grade were noted (p<0.05). Loss of FLNA expression correlated significantly with poor overall survival time by Kaplan-Meier analysis (p<0.05). Results for biological function showed that ACHN cells transfected with FLNA had a lower survival fraction, significant decrease in migration and invasion, higher cell apoptosis, higher percentage of the G0/G1 phases, and lower MMP-9 protein expression compared with ACHN cells untransfected with FLNA (p<0.05). However, renal 786-0 cells transfected with FLNA siRNA had a higher survival fraction, significant increase in migration and invasion, and higher MMP-9 protein expression compared (p<0.05). In conclusion, FLNA expression was decreased in RCC and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, histological grade and poor overall survival, suggesting that FLNA may play important roles as a a tumor suppressor in RCC by promoting degradation of MMP-9.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 1983

To evaluated the usefulness of cultured human fibroblast for insulin receptor assay, the authors cultured fibroblast from biopsied normal adult female eyelid skin and assayed the insulin receptor with radioreceptor assay method. From the data obtained, percent of labeled insulin bound, numbers of insulin binding sites, affinity constants(Ka) and affinity of the empty sites(Ke) were calculated. The results were as follow; 1) The percent radioactivity bound of cultured fibroblast reached plateau at 4 hours $15^{\circ}C$ incubation. 2) The scatchard plot of insulin binding to cultured human fibroblast was curvilinear and the affinity to receptor was decreased with increased receptor occupancy. 3) The numbers of high affinity, low affinity and total insulin receptor of cultured fibroblasts were 852, 24,800 and 25,652 sites per cell. 4) High and low affinity constants of cultured fibroblasts were $3.4\times^{10}M^{-1},\;and\;1.08\times10^8M^{-1}$, and the affinity of empty site was $5.0\times10^8M^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.108-114
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• 2011

Steam reformer was organized with steam reforming process and CO removing process. The steam reforming process needed high temperature, 600~900 $^{\circ}C$, for catalytic-reaction which was extract of hydrogen from steam and hydrocarbon. The effects of the evaporator configuration on its heat transfer characteristics were investigated both experimentally and numerically to pursue the miniaturization. In this study, three configurations were considered where the different structures were tested; empty, embossing and mesh filled. For the comparison of heat transfer performance of shape evaporator disk, numerical analysis using SC-Tetra code and experiment were carried out. In case of reformer system design, it should be considered heat transfer rate, differential pressure and fluid flow direction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.230-234
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• 1989

The crystal structure of $Ag^+$-exchanged zeolite A vacuum-dehydrated at $370^{\circ}C$ and then treated with carbon monoxide at $$23^{\circ}C$ has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Pm3m at $23^(1){\circ}C$ ; a = 12.116 (2)${\AA}$. The structure was refined to the final error indices $R_1\;=\;0.061\;and\;R_2$(weighted) = 0.068 using 349 independent reflections for which I > 3${\sigma}(I).\;3.6\;Ag_+-CO$ complexes, where -CO may represent -CHO or -$CH_2OH$, were found in each large cavity. By coordination to silver atoms followed by reaction with $Ag^{\circ}and\;H^+$ within the zeolite, carbon monoxide has been partially reduced. In about 28% of the sodalite units, a $Ag_6(Ag^+)_2$ cluster may be present. In about 37% of the sodalite units, three $Ag^+$ ions are found on threefold axes where they may be bridged by three water molecules. The remaining 35% of the sodalite units are empty of silver species. Two $Ag^+$ ions per unit cell are associated with 8-ring oxygens. The remaining ca $$3Ag^+$ ions per unit cell have been reduced during the synthesis and have migrated to form small silver crystallities on the surface of the zeolite single crystal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.850-858
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• 1993

Germinatin and early growth of tobacco seedlings in trays containing many cells is increasing in popularity . Since 100 % germination is not likely , a major problem is to locate and replace the content of those cells which contain either no seedling or a stunted seedling with a plug containing a viable seedling. Empty cells and seedlings of poor quality take up valuable space in a greenhouse. They may also cause difficulty when transplanting seedlings into the field. Robotic technology, including the implementation of computer vision, appears to be an attractive alternative to the use of manual labor for accomplishing this task. Operating AGBOT, short for Agricultural ROBOT, involved four steps : (1) capturing the image, (2) processing the image, (3) moving the manipulator, (4) working the gripper. This research seedlings within a cell-grown environment. the configuration of the cell-grown seedling environment dictated the design of a Cartesian robot suitable for working ov r a flat plane. Experiments of AGBOT performance in transferring large seedlings produced trays which were more than 98% survived one week after transfer. In general , the system generated much better than expected.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.243-246
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• 1999

A type of symbiosis was previously described from nature in which the gametophytes of Laminariales were endophytic in filamentous red algae. Here we reconstruct this symbiosis for the first time in laboratory culture using zoospores of the kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, and the red alga, Aglaothamnion oosumiense. Zoospores of U. pinnatifida readily attached to A. oosumiense. In 48 h these spores germinated and the initial germ tube penetrated into the host cell wall leaving only an empty zoospore wall outside the host. Within ten days, four to five-celled endophytic gametophytes were present. Zoospores of Laminaria religiosa which were also inoculated into cultures of A. oosumiense rarely attached to the red alga and never became endophytic. Within ten days the free-living gametophytes of L. religiosa on cover slips became fertile and produced young sporophytes. These observations demonstrate the ability of U. pinnatifida to become endophytic, and show differences in host specificity among kelp species.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 1962

Attempts were made in order to make clear the meiotic irregularities, male gametophyte formation and spermatogenesis for the purpose of applying these embryological facts to taxonomic works. Followings are the results obtained : 1. Meiosis is extremely irregular, giving rise to giant, micro, and empty, pollens. Meiotic division in each PMC is observed synchronizing. 2. In the microspore immediately before the vegetative-generative nuclear division, the nucleus locates appressed to the inner wall, most of the other part of the cell being occupied by large vacuoles. 3. Spindle symmetry in the microspore nuclear division is of intermediate type. 4. Nuclear divisions in each micropore are not synchronized as in meiosis. 5. Generative nucleus is located in close contact with the inner wall, while the vegetative nucleus occupies the central part of pollen grain. The pollen in this stage looks somewhat like broad bean. Afterward the generative nucleus loses contact with the wall, the nuclear shape changing from lenticular to roundsh. 6. The generative nucleus in fully matured pollen grain usually takes the shape of crescence, those in abortive pollen, lenticular or ellipsoidal, etc.