• 제목/요약/키워드: Employment status

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우리나라 일부 사무직과 생산직 여성근로자에서 근골격계 자각증상과 관련요인 (Related factors on musculoskeletal symptoms in selected Korean female office and blue-collar workers)

  • 이경재;한성현;안연순;황정호;김주자
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.289-299
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    • 2007
  • 이 연구는 우리나라 40세 이하 여성근로자들을 대상으로 직종에 따른 직업적 특성과 근골격계 자각증상을 조사하여 사무직과 생산직 여성근로자에서 근골격계 자각증상의 호소율을 파악하고, 근골격계 증상과 관련요인을 알아보고자 하였으며 우리나라 여성근로자의 근골격계 질환 예방 및 건강관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 사무직 여성이 1,002명(53.4%)이고 생산직 여성이 873명(46.6%)를 차자하고 있으며, 흡연과 음주 경험에서도 생산직 여성에서 사무직 여성에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 사무직 여성들은 생산직 여성에 비해서 하루 4시간 이상의 컴퓨터 작업에 많이 종사하고 있는 반면, 생산직 여성들은 지나친 반복 업무와 부자연스러운 자세를 유지하는 업무 및 무거운 물건을 다루는 작업, 진동공구 등을 이용하는 작업에 상대적으로 더 많이 종사하는 것으로 나타났다. 유해물질에 대한 인식을 살펴본 결과도 사무직 여성들은 전자파에 대한 노출이 있다고 응답한 반면, 분진, 소음 등 기타 유해물질에 대한 노출이 있다고 응답한 경우는 생산직 여성에서 보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 두 군 모두에서 어깨와 허리가 주요 통증 부위로 나타났다. 근골격계 자각증상 호소율을 비교해 보면, 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보여 생산직 여성에서 사무직 여성에 비해서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.01). 이 연구를 통하여 생산직 여성에서 근골격계 자각증상의 호소율이 사무직 여성에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 사무직 여성에서도 컴퓨터 작업과 부자연스러운 손목 자세를 유지해야 하는 업무 등을 하고 있는 것으로 나타나 근골격계자각증상 예방을 위한 관리대상에서 제외될 수는 없는 직종으로 생각된다. 따라서 근골격계 증상과 관련될 수 있는 관련작업 형태에 대한 예방대책과 보건교육이 필요하다고 생각되며, 더 나아가 우리나라 여성근로자의 건강보호를 위해서는 사업장 내에서 근무형태와 근무환경에 따른 건강영향을 줄일 수 있는 예방대책이 필요할 것으로 생각되어 향후 이에 대한 보다 많은 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

연구활동종사자 작업환경측정 결과 및 제도개선 방향 (Work Environment Measurement Results for Research Workers and Directions for System Improvement)

  • 황제규;변헌수
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.342-352
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: The characteristics of research workers are different from those working in the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the reagents used change according to the research due to the characteristics of the laboratory, and the amounts used vary. In addition, since the working time changes almost every day, it is difficult to adjust the time according to exposure standards. There are also difficulties in setting standards as in the manufacturing industry since laboratory environments and the types of experiments performed are all different. For these reasons, the measurement of the working environment of research workers is not realistically carried out within the legal framework, there is a concern that the accuracy of measurement results may be degraded, and there are difficulties in securing data. The exposure evaluation based on an eight-hour time-weighted average used for measuring the working environment to be studied in this study may not be appropriate, but it was judged and consequently applied as the most suitable method among the recognized test methods. Methods: The investigation of the use of chemical substances in the research laboratory, which is the subject of this study, was conducted in the order of carrying out work environment measurement, sample analysis, and result analysis. In the case of the use of chemical substances, after organizing the substances to be measured in the working environment, the research workers were asked to write down the status, frequency, and period of use. Work environment measurement and sample analysis were conducted by a recognized test method, and the results were compared with the exposure standards (TWA: time weighted average value) for chemical substances and physical factors. Results: For the substances subject to work environment measurement, the department of chemical engineering was the most exposed, followed by the department of chemistry. This can lead to exposure to a variety of chemicals in departmental laboratories that primarily deal with chemicals, including acetone, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, and normal hexane. Hydrogen chloride was measured higher than the average level of domestic work environment measurements. This can suggest that researchers in research activities should also be managed within the work environment measurement system. As a result of a comparison between the professional science and technology service industry and the education service industry, which are the most similar business types to university research laboratories among the domestic work environment measurements provided by the Korea Safety and Health Agency, acetone, dichloromethane, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, nitric acid, normal hexane, and hydrogen chloride are items that appear higher than the average level. This can also be expressed as a basis for supporting management within the work environment measurement system. Conclusions: In the case of research activity workers' work environment measurement and management, specific details can be presented as follows. When changing projects and research, work environment measurement is carried out, and work environment measurement targets and methods are determined by the measurement and analysis method determined by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The measurement results and exposure standards apply exposure standards for chemical substances and physical factors by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Implementation costs include safety management expenses and submission of improvement plans when exposure standards are exceeded. The results of this study were presented only for the measurement of the working environment among the minimum health management measures for research workers, but it is necessary to prepare a system to improve the level of safety and health.

조선대학교-대구대학교 비교과 교육 업무협약(MOU) 기반 지역 연계 장애인평생교육 비교과프로그램 운영 방략 (The Operation Plan of the Community-Linked Extracurricular Education program for Lifelong Education for the Persons with Disabilities Based on the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) of Extracurricular Education between Chosun University and Daegu University)

  • 김영준;김화수;이근용
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.273-280
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 조선대학교-대구대학교 비교과 교육 업무협약(MOU) 기반 지역 연계 장애인평생교육 비교과프로그램 운영 방략을 탐색해 보는 데에 목적을 두어 실시되었다. 일선 대학 현장에서 비교과 교육 프로그램은 전공이나 교양 단위의 교과 학습을 보조하는 형태와 절차로 인식되는 경우가 많으나, 비교과 교육 프로그램의 구성 유형과 체계가 "학습역량 강화 지원", "진로심리상담 지원", "취창업 지원", "교과 연계 비교과 교육"으로 분류되는 사례를 감안할 경우 매우 중요한 위상과 정체성을 가졌다고 할 수 있다. 이에 따라, 비교과 교육 프로그램은 일회적인 경향의 프로그램 자체의 수준에서 뿐 아니라 학생들의 전공 학습 및 취업 연계를 비롯한 각종 지역사회 연계형 문제해결학습 역시 포괄할 수 있는 성격과 이점을 가진다. 위의 일환으로, 본 연구는 조선대학교와 대구대학교를 조망하여 "지역 연계 장애인평생교육"을 주요 주제와 내용으로 하는 비교과 프로그램이 운영될 수 있는 방략을 연구 내용으로 제시하고자 한다. 연구 방법은 전문가 간 협의를 통한 연구 내용의 모델 정립의 절차로 구성되었다. 연구 내용은 크게 "양 대학 간 조직적 운영 방략", "양 대학 간 교육과정 운영 방략", "양 대학 간 지역 연계 장애인평생교육 비교과 프로그램 운영에 대한 종합체계"로 제시되었다. 먼저, 첫 번째 연구 내용인 "양 대학 간 조직적 운영 방략"은 조선대학교 비교과통합관리센터와 대구대학교 평생교육원 산하 K-PACE센터, 기타 위원회 및 부서 등이 상호 협업 및 소통하는 절차가 상세히 도식화되었다. 두 번째 연구 내용인 "양 대학 간 교육과정 운영 방략"은 비교과프로그램에서 구성되어야 할 학습 내용과 방법 및 절차가 구체적으로 도식화되었다. 세 번째 연구 내용인 "양 대학 간 지역 연계 장애인평생교육 비교과 프로그램 운영의 종합체계"는 비교과프로그램을 운영하는 데 필수적으로 구성되어야 할 근거요소들을 로드맵의 차원으로 종합화한 결과를 제시하고 있다. 연구 결과, 양 대학 간 비교과 교육 업무협약(MOU)을 통한 지역 연계 장애인평생교육 비교과프로그램의 운영을 통해 심화적으로 연계 추진 가능한 사업과제를 조망할 수 있었다.

경기 북부 지역 초등학교 영양사의 식자재 공급관리에 대한 인식도 및 실천도 (Elementary School Dietitian's Awareness and Performance of Food Supply Management in Gyeonggi North Province)

  • 어금희;박영심
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.562-571
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    • 2008
  • The principal objective of this study was to assess dietitian's awareness and performance with regard to food suppliers' selection guidelines and purchase guidelines for the receipt of safe food materials. A questionnaire was administered to 203 dietitians working at an elementary school in Gyeonggi North province, and 190 responses were ultimately returned. Excluding responses with incomplete answers and significant missing data, 161 responses(79.3%) were ultimately utilized for data analysis. We determined that meat/poulty and seafood were purchased mainly by manufacturer's branch(59.8% and 78.3%), and processed food and kimchi were generally purchased by producer's cooperatives(47.7% and 44.9%). 78.3% of the contracts were made via informal purchasing and the frequency of contracts was less than 3 times per year(53.4%). Market studies were conducted individually(54.7%), and by group(47.2%). Dietitian and parents volunteered(50.3%) or dietitians, and school and foodservice staffs(45.3%) participated - together in receiving and inspection. School contracted with $4{\sim}5$(39.1%) and $6{\sim}8$ food suppliers(29.8%). Dietitians(42.3%) or school councils(40.2%) evaluated food suppliers once per semester(60.2%). The majority of dietitians(96.3%) conducted sanitary education for food suppliers once per semester (68.3%). All 13 guidelines which were usually used to evaluate food suppliers were thought to be important(more than 4) based on a 5 scale(1: never important, 5: very important). Among them, 'sanitary storage status of food products(4.85)', 'have a chill car(4.83)' and 'proper control of refrigerator, freezer and storage room(4.81)' were the most crucial guidelines. As dietitians evaluated food supplier's-observances of 13 guidelines, 'have a chill car(4.89)', 'hold medical examination of employees(4.89)' and 'hold liability insurance for handling product(4.80)' were fulfilled relatively well. The guidelines for conducting education for their employees(4.45) and keeping their establishment and equipment sanitary(4.79) were important, but were not observed well(3.39 and 3.37). Additionally, the difference between the importance and the observance score of the 'HACCP certificate' were fairly significant(4.44 and 3.54). Dietitians tended to report that purchasing management related to the removal of foodborne illness factors(4.71), return confirmation(4.50) and purchase specification(4.32) were important. The difference between importance and performance was highest in the process of changing food suppliers when the contracts were violated more than three times. Dietitian's age, education work experience and employment type had no observable effects on how important they considered purchase management to be, but their work experience significantly affected performance in terms of the removal of foodborne illness factors(p<0.05). As supplier management is the most critical factor, it is clearly desirable to educate suppliers at specialized training centers and to supervise suppliers in accordance with the established sanitary guidelines.

지역주민의 생활의 질 향상을 위한 대학의 사회교육 프로그램 개발 (Educational Program Development for Improvement of the Quality of Life of Community Residents)

  • 임영희;왕수경;윤은영;구난숙;강영자;박성옥;손상희;차성란;이해영;김양원;이은경
    • 한국생활과학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.247-266
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    • 1998
  • The purposes of this study were to investigate problems related to quality of life and to identify residents needs for the university educational program for the community residents. The data were analyzed by using $x^2$-test, F-test and multiple range test. Findings of this study provided some useful implications to develop educational programs for community people. These implications are as follows. In the aspect of home management, the need for education about time management was relatively high and the degree of time conflicts was varied to family size, educational level of house, housewife's employment status and outside work time. In the program area of economic life, education for enhancing ability to cope with unexpected events and impulsive consumption behavior, and education for money management technique and value clarification should be included. There were significant differences in the parents' role difficulties according to mother's age and income. Especially parents' role difficulties were children's social emotional development and educational activity. The major problems in management of clothing and textile products were the change of textile sensation, the poor quality of necessaries, and discoloration. This result suggests that education programs on management of clothing and textiles should be developed. In health and food management it showed that subjects were afraid of cancer, hypertension, cerebral vascular diseases in relation with food habits. Hence program of education for health and good food habits should be developed.

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한국중재의 영역확대 방안에 관한연구 (A Study on the Expansion of Arbitration's Area of Coverage in Korea)

  • 김석철
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.47-69
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    • 2010
  • From the review of Korean arbitration systems with the comparison of those of other countries, we can summarize some issues to be tackled as follows: First, Korean arbitration system started with the purpose of export promotion. This may be the main reason that various domestic disputes have not been resolved by arbitration. Second, the Korean Arbitration Law applies to private disputes. The Law's arbitration scope is wider than that of China and France, but narrower than that of the U.S.A. that encompasses a variety of disputes in the filed of consumer, labor, medical services, patents, etc. Third, active judges or public officials in Korea can not be arbitrator and there is no arbitration court. However, if chief judge allows the necessity, court's judges in the UK can be arbitrator with the mutual agreement of the parties and also arbitration system is operated in the court. Fourth, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB), the only representative institution for arbitration in Korea, is under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy(MKE). This makes it difficult for the KCAB to handle other disputes related to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Employment and Labor, etc. Fifth, as mentioned, the KCAB is the unique institution for arbitration by the Law in Korea, while other countries allow have a diversity of arbitration agencies such as maritime arbitration organization, consumer arbitration institution, arbitration court, etc. Therefore, we suggest some ideas to expand the arbitration's area of coverage in Korea as follows: First, there should be more active policies that promote various domestic disputes to be settled by the arbitration system. Second, it is quite needed to expand the scope of arbitration to cover many disputes in the fields of consumer, labor, medical service, advertising, fair trade, etc. Third, there should be discussions to allow court judges as arbitrator and to introduce the arbitration court. Fourth, the KCAB should strengthen its status and roles as general arbitration organization to overcome the limited scope of commercial disputes. For this, there should be the strong support and coordination among the MKE and other government agencies. Fifth, to reduce the burden of the court's complicated and expensive procedures, more efficient disputes resolution systems should be established on the basis of the parties' free will. Each central government agency should streamline the legal barriers to allow industrial organizations under its control to establish their own or joint arbitration system with the KCAB.

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기업과 대학간의 산학협력마케팅 전략모델 구축에 관한 연구 (Establishing a marketing strategy model for academic-industrial cooperation between companies and universities)

  • 윤정근
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - Because of the emphasis on the necessity of academic-industrial cooperation between companies and universities, there are various ongoing academic-industrial cooperation programs led by the government. As government actively supports such cooperation as policy,and universities vitalize new technology development, academic-industrial cooperation between companies and universities is being recognized as an important growth engine for companies the competitiveness of academic-industrial cooperation is also attracting more interest. The government has vitalized human resource fostering, practical R&D, and technology transfer to companies since 2012 by executing a "leading university fostering project for academic-industrial cooperation." Based on an organic interlink among universities, industry, and research institutes, the government also created and is promoting several models of such cooperation between companies and universities to support shared growth of industry and local universities. The purpose of academic-industrial cooperation is growth and benefit fromtechnology development, technical cooperation, and technology transfer between companies and universities. Research design, data, and methodology - As more academic-industrial cooperation efforts are ledby companies due to the limitation in technology-focused commercialization cooperation, the academic-industrial cooperation system became fragmented and it is losing the potential for future advancement. Specifically, as differences between universities grow, academic-industrial cooperation between companies and universities based on new technology from universities is finding difficulty advancing,while systematic support from companies to enhance the performance of businesses created by academic-industrial cooperation is also insufficient. Accordingly, this study established a growth model for the advancement of academic-industrial cooperation between companies and universities and suggested a plan to strengthen the competitiveness and promote the future advancementof academic-industrial cooperation between companies and universities by analyzing the current situation of such cooperation and diagnosing its issues. Results - This study explored the concept and current status of academic-industrial cooperation relationships and analyzed related issues. For such cooperative organizations to be competitive, the employment environment of professional human resources for academic-industrial cooperation should be improved and measures to secure professional resources should be taken as early as possible. Though the academic-industrial cooperation now is being led by government, there is a limitation based on business models, which require creation of profit; however, an academic-industrial cooperation model still cannot stand alone without the support of government. This study also pointed out that a having only a plan to build competitiveness of companies and universities for academic-industrial cooperation is not sufficient. Conclusions - In order to increase the competitiveness of academic-industrial cooperation, a detailed growth-sharing model for academic-industrial cooperation should be developed, and there should be more joint development processes for the advancement of such cooperation in which the need for technology development can be verified in advance. In addition, beyond focusing on technology-focused academic-industrial cooperation, a network between companies and universities searching for ideas for academic-industrial cooperation in the fields of human and social aspects should be created. A new academic-industrial model linking current cooperation between companies and universities to the local area should be built based on such academic-industrial cooperation in human and social fields.

경산시 일부 초등학교 학생들의 치아우식증 경험 및 비만도의 관련성 (Relationship between Dental Caries Experience and Obesity among Elementary School of Student's in Gyeongsan)

  • 최성숙;정홍섭;최미숙
    • 치위생과학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.429-436
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 학교구강보건실을 운영하고 있는 초등학교 학생들의 치아우식증경험 및 비만도를 파악하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 조사하기 위하여 2011년 7월1일 부터 7월 30일까지 경산시 소재 1개 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년들을 대상으로 구조화된 폐쇄형 설문지를 자기기입식 설문조사를 시행한 후 응답이 불충분한 5부를 제외한 최종 235부와 구강검사결과 치아우식경험 유무에 대한 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령이 증가할수록 치아우식경험도는 낮았다. 2. 어머니의 직업유무, 교육정도, 주관적 경제수준과 치아우식증 경험 및 비만도는 서로 연관성이 없었다. 3. 간식섭취량, 식습관 및 생활습관은 치아우식경험도와 상관성이 없었고, 비만체중(21.5%)이 정상체중(9.4%)보다 주간운동횟수에서 0번이 높게 나타났다. 4. 지난 1년간 치과방문 경험이 있는 학생이 치아우식 비경험이 높았으며(OR=0.498), 치아우식증경험 유무와 비만도는 서로 연관성이 없었다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 사회인구학적 편차와 상관없이 가정에서 이루어 지지 못하는 학생들의 구강 및 건강관리가 학교보건 측면에서 어느 정도 관리가 되어지고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 치아우식경험도와 비만도의 연관성이 없음을 알았다. 추후 점차적으로 학교구강보건실 운영을 확대하여 체계적인 구강관리 및 건강관리가 국가 정책적으로 시행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

국내 플라스틱 리싸이클링 현황 (Current Status of Plastic Recycling in Korea)

  • 이상훈
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.3-8
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    • 2019
  • 최근 국내의 폐플라스틱 발생량 증가와 폐플라스틱 처분의 어려움 그리고 미세플라스틱 유해성 등으로 플라스틱 폐기물 문제가 심각하게 인식되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 일차적으로 플라스틱 사용량을 규제하는 방안이 있는데 이 경우 해당 품목별 규제근거를 명확히 하는 것이 중요하다. 또 다른 문제로 국내 재활용업체 규모의 영세성을 들 수 있는데 영세업체의 부진한 기술개발역량으로 재활용의 수율과 관련 품목의 가치가 하락하여 소비자들의 인식에 악영향을 끼치게 된다. 이러한 점은 재활용에 대한 기술적 진보와 함께 이를 지원하는 정부의 노력과 제도적 개선이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. 재활용 기술개발은 제품이나 포장재의 설계 단계에서부터 환경친화성과 재활용성을 고려해야 하는데 이는 국가적 지원과 지원과 관련 제도의 개선이 요구된다. 또한 선진정책 예를 들면 유럽연합의 정책을 참조하여 재활용 산업을 새로운 투자/고용기회 창출기회로 인식하고 필요하다면 규제에 대한 설득과 근거를 LC A 같은 평가과정을 통해 명확히 객관화해야 한다. 더불어 재활용품내 함유되어 있을지도 모를 유해화학물질의 규명 및 제거를 통해 재활용의 가치를 향상시켜 나가야 할 것이다.

기부행동과 자원봉사활동은 중복적 보완관계인가? 보충적 대체관계인가? (Are Giving and Volunteering Multiplicative Behaviors or Compensatory Behaviors?)

  • 김지혜;정익중
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제64권2호
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    • pp.133-158
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    • 2012
  • 현대사회에서 비영리 부문의 성장과 정부의 재정 지원 감소는 시민의 기부와 자원봉사의 필요성을 더욱 증가시키고 있다. 이에 따라 비영리 조직의 운영 활성화를 위해서는 개인의 기부 및 봉사활동에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 구체적으로 파악하여, 효율적으로 보다 많은 시민의 참여를 이끌어 낼 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 기부와 자원봉사에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇이며, 기부와 자원봉사가 중복적 보완관계인지, 보충적 대체관계인지를 파악하기 위해 기부 및 자원봉사 참여유형을 둘 다 참여하지 않는 집단, 둘 다 참여하는 집단, 기부만 참여하는 집단, 자원봉사만 참여하는 집단의 4집단으로 구분하여 각각에 영향을 미치는 요인을 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 확인하였다. 연구결과, 기부에 참여하는 요인과 봉사에 참여하는 요인 간에 종교나 여가생활만족도와 같은 공통요인이 있었지만, 차별적 요인도 존재하였다. 특히, 가구소득, 교육수준, 취업상태, 성별, 사회적 친분만족도가 기부와 자원봉사에 미치는 영향에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타남에 따라 우리나라에서 기부와 봉사 간에는 상충 관계가 있다는 보충적 대체관점을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 본 연구는 비영리 조직에서 기부와 자원봉사 참여를 발굴하고 활성화하기 위해 서로 다른 차별적인 전략이 필요하다는 점을 제안하였다.

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