• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop an employee's stress response scale (ESRS) and examine its validity and reliability. Methods : The study was conducted as follows : item generation, and test of validity and reliability. Items were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from email-survey of counselors in the field of Employee Assistance Program (EAP). In order to test validity and reliability, data were collected from 400 employees. Results : The result of exploratory factor analysis of ESRS suggested 4 factor structures (work-related, anger, somatization, depression & anxiety) with a total of 25 items. ESRS showed a relatively strong positive correlation with Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale (HAD), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Psychological Wellbeing Index (PWI), which showed ESRS had high convergent validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and test-retest reliability was .95 and .610 respectively. Conclusion : The ESRS is reliable and valid brief scale for measuring stress responses of employees. This scale would be useful in quantitatively evaluating job stress in workplace.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.67-81
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• 2019

The aim of this research was to examine that the essence of university administrative staff's job stress and relevant characteristics that could influence their stress at work. For this research, we collected 250 samples of university administrative staffs in Seoul from March to April, 2017 and used 227 ones for final analyses. The results indicated that organizational characteristics (organizational commitment, organizational culture, perceived organizational support) and job characteristics (job satisfaction, job control, emotional labor) tended to be significantly associated to Job stress. These findings suggested that Employee Assistant Program (EAP) should be launched in order to provide integrated services for university staff. Second, diverse psycho-social services, such as consultation, leisure activities, and empowerment, should be provided by utilizing the resources of university. Lastly, the Korean Ministry of Education needs to support for enhancing the staff's work environments.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This study is to verify the mediating effect of depression between job stress and job satisfaction among workers in small and medium sized enterprises. The survey was conducted to workers in small and medium sized enterprises, and 117 cases were finally applied. As results, job stress has significantly negative effect on job satisfaction and positive effect on depression. Depression also has partial mediating effect on between job stress and job satisfaction. We finally suggest that customized management system should be provided for the workers in small and medium-sized enterprises, and occupational welfare system, including employee assistance program (EAP), must be launched for these workers.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.242-252
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing depressive symptoms in public and private sector employees. Methods: Survey data on 23,602 workers who had worked in the public or private sector were obtained from the 2014 Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Symptoms of depression were measured using the WHO-5 Well-being Index. Data were analyzed using a $x^2$ test, t-test, and multivariate stepwise logistic regression to determine the factors affecting the symptoms of depression. Results: First, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 41.1 % in public sector employees and 43.4 % in private sector employees. Second, the factors commonly affecting depressive symptoms in public and private sector employees were residence area, cognitive demands, development opportunities, social support from colleagues, social support from supervisors, social community at work, job rewards, and work-family conflict. In addition, age, company size, atypical work, ergonomic risks, quantitative demands, emotional demands, influence, and job insecurity were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms unique to private sector employees. Conclusion: Mental health programs including the employee assistance program (EAP) should be developed and implemented after considering the risk factors affecting depressive symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.36
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• pp.71-99
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• 1998

There is a general consensus that fate of the differentiated welfare state had fallen into the brink of demise during the 1970s while the integrated welfare state model has emerged instead. Indications are all that such trend spotlights occupational welfare which has been relatively neglected, especially, in the field of social welfare. Nevertheless, the occupational welfare system in Korea faced crisis due to two major incidents. One is the IMP crisis which necessitates massive scale of restructuring of the general fabric of the Korean business and industry. There is little doubt that the economic crisis will surely cut down occupational welfare expenditure substantially. The other is a report released by the Korean Labor Research Institute which argus that there is no correlation between the Korean occupational welfare system and labor productivity. Thorough investigation of the Korean occupational welfare system suggests that current system is so outdated that it doesn't meet needs of the industrial workforce which, in turn, fails to enhance workers productivity. Consequently, a need for new paradigm and system arises and employee assistance program(EAP) emerges as a viable alternative. EAP is thoroughly delianeated of it's definition, motivations, functions, ingredients, historical background as well as cost-effectiveness. But major tasks center around an investigation and an analysis of it's applicability. In-depth analysis was carried out on the issue of it's indispensable natures and stumbling blocks on the way to lay it's root in the Korean industrial environment. It seems harder than the herculean task. However, EAP is not simply an alternative but is rather a pressing imperative for the present occupational welfare system in Korea which stands at the crossroad.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.197-208
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• 2015

This study is to suggest a system to increase workers' job satisfaction by analyzing the impact of conflicts in their families and work places to the satisfaction of work and the effects of personality types affecting job satisfaction. For this study, a questionnaire targeting 450 workers was conducted. As a result of this study, firstly, it was revealed that both conflicts of the family-work place and the work place-family have statistically negative interrelationships and impacts with/on job satisfaction. In terms of sub-fact categories, it is revealed that work itself has more impacts than personal persuasion based on people's value. Secondly, the results of this study concerning the conflicts in a family and the workplace shows the same result with the previous studies. They are formed by mutual interactions of cause and effect. Thirdly, it turned out that differences in Enneagram Personality Types have statistically significant impacts on job satisfaction. The result also shows that thinking-centered personalities and behavior-centered personalities have more impacts on job satisfaction than emotion-centered personalities. Study result indicates that more wide use of a psychology consultation program for workers and their families, EPA(Employee Assistant Program). It also shows that introductions of personality trainning programs and personality coaching programs are required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.276-285
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of emotional labor on casino dealers' burnout and depression. Burnout is a big problem which thwarts their professionalism and effectualness and the effectiveness of the service they provide. Depression is a core factor which affects one's mental health. To analyze the effects of emotional labor on casino workers' burnout and depression, we conducted a survey of 606 casino dealers of H resort and analyzed the results. Burnout was measured in terms of the client-related burnout and work-related burnout by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The research findings are as follows. First, the level of emotional labor (3.50) was higher than the mid-point on the 4 point Likert scale, and the work-related burnout (3.86) and client-related burnout (3.91) were higher than the mid-point on the 5 point Likert scale. Second, emotional labor was correlated to their depression and burnout. Third, emotional labor showed a significant difference according to gender, while burnout showed significant differences according to age, position and term of service. Fourth, emotional labor had an effect on the casino dealers' burnout and depression. We discussed the implications of these findings and possible strategies to alleviate this situation, for example, the passing of a law and development of an employee assistance program (EAP) to prevent their burnout and reduce their depression.