• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

With the emergence of the smart era, interest in future society and new dwelling spaces is growing. This research analyzes the planning items applied to future house pavilions in Korea to examine which functions will be more emphasized and considered importantly in the dwelling spaces. This research paper aims to identify those dwelling functions that will occupy greater importance from the users' point of view. As for the research methodology, it comprised a literature review and an analysis of case studies. The results of this research were as follows; 1) It was arranged that the dwelling functions were safety, amenity, convenience, independence, economics, society, relaxation, aesthetic appearance. 2) For future dwelling environments, environment-friendly technology for conservation of energy was important in addition to intellectual cutting edge technologies, 3) Safety was most basic among all dwelling functions, 4) Planning items related to amenity and economics were found to be most common, indicating that they were important functions in future dwelling environments, 5) With regard to convenience, planning items related to increasing efficiency of household chores through the application of ubiquitous technology were found to be most common, 6) There was no indication of planning items related to independence and society, 7) Cutting edge technology and emotional technology appear to be integrated in planning items related to relaxation and aesthetic appearance, and 8) Each future dwelling pavilion suggested that over 80% of the planning items were related to amenity, convenience, and economics. We expect that the results from our research will be useful in creating a life-centered design of future dwelling spaces that account for dwelling functions.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

This research is to evaluate the arousal level by using cardiovascular response. PPG was used in this study as one of the method of measuring it rather than ECG (Electrocardiography) for the purpose of solving ergonomic problem of sensing. The participants were in the age group of 20 (mean=24, standard deviation=1.25): five men and five women. Each experiment composed with four identical sets. First, a black screen was displayed for 30 second rest. Then, the prepared 6 pair images were randomly presented for 10 second stimulation and for 30 second non-stimulation. PPG was measured on the earlobes of experimenters at 200Hz sampling frequency. PPG amplitude, PPI(Pulse to Pulse Interval), and PRV(Pulse Rate Variability) were analyzed according to arousal level. T-test was performed to compare between the PPG variables of rest and relaxation, rest and arousal, and relaxation and arousal. Relative to the rest state, PPG amplitude decreased in relaxed state and increased in aroused state. Relative to the rest state, PPI decreased in both emotional states. However, more significant decline was observed in aroused state. PRV's LF and HF were used in the form of LF/HF to compare between the relaxed and the aroused state. Therefore, PPG signal showed significant differences between relaxed and aroused state. In conclusion, evaluation of human arousal level used in the PPG analysis demonstrated that PPG has better usability and comforter measurement than ECG and is clearly an alternative method of measuring arousal level.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Hanok (a traditional Korean-style house) has recently become a popular attraction for tourists all over the world. Jeonju Hanok Village, for example, attracted about 10 million visitors for 2 consecutive years. Observing Hanok's popularity, many local governments drew up plans to improve tourism dynamics by strengthening the advantages of Hanok. Emotionally rich experience is required to offer a greater satisfying experience that meets the demands of tourists. However, very few studies yet have addressed how to measure those emotions felt by users while experiencing Hanok. As an attempt to improve this situation, 182 emotional words were collected from earlier studies and classified into 33 groups with the Delphi method. Among the emotional words in each of the 33 groups, those of overlapping concepts on the characteristics of Hanok were re-grouped, and extracted the most appropriate 68 words. Additionally, a survey was conducted with 325 people who had experienced Hanok to gather 30-most representative emotions for measuring emotions felt from Hanok. The factor analysis of the 30 representative emotions resulted in classified 6 factors based on common features of emotional words: senses of aesthetics, happiness, novelty, ownership, balance and relaxation. The 30 representative emotions and six emotion categories found out by this study can help measure how much people feel certain emotions while experiencing hanoks. Further study will explore the degree of emotions hanok users feel about objects of hanok, such as roof materials and shapes, and body shapes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1020-1029
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• 2015

This paper investigated the wearing performance of knitted fabrics made of air vortex yarns using PTT/tencel/cotton fibres in comparison with ring and compact yarns for emotional garment. Wicking property of knitted fabric made of MVS yarns was worse than those by ring and compact yarns, however, drying property of knitted fabric made of MVS yarns was better than those by ring and compact yarns, which was explained as more water vapor transport due to larger openness between fibres in the MVS yarns than those in the ring and compact yarns. Thermal conductivity of knitted fabric made of MVS was lower than those of ring and compact yarns and maximum heat flow(Q_max) at the transient state of MVS knitted fabric was lower than those of ring and compact yarns, which may be attributed to MVS yarn structure that has parallel fibres in the core part of the yarn and fasciated fibre bundles on the sheath part with roughness on the yarn surface. However, pilling of MVS knitted fabric was better than those by ring and compact yarns, which was caused by less and shorter hairy fibres protruded from MVS yarn surface than those of ring and compact yarns. It was observed that tactile hand of MVS yarn knitted fabrics was stiffer than those of ring and compact yarns knitted fabrics. It was explained by low extensibility and compressibility and high bending and shear rigidities of the MVS yarn knitted fabrics, which resulted in bad wearing performance of MVS knitted fabric.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

This study was a retrospective descriptive study to identify frequency and change of palliative care provided for older patients with terminal stage of cardiopulmonary disease before and after life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision making. As a result of chart review of 124 older patients in a university hospital, oral analgesics medication, cold and hot therapy for pain management, antibiotics medication and urine culture for urinary infection, oral care, hair wash, and partial bath were provided significantly less after LST decision making. Provision of praying and relaxation therapy for pain control, oral and nasal care, and emotional care were not changed before and after LST decision making. Spiritual care was the least provided care. Therefore, non-pharmacological pain management, emotional care, and spiritual care need to be improved for older patients with terminal cardiopulmonary disease at the end of life.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.395-402
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• 2011

As the consumer market for odor products grows, companies producing healthcare products are beginning to pay more attention to the emotional aspect of an odor product in order to differentiate their products from competitors. In the following research, the affective effect of odor product was investigated while focusing on relaxation and working contexts using orange and pine scents, since these are typical odors in current domestic market. Two empirical studies were carried out. First, in experiment I, 18 subjects, all of whom were university students, spent 20 minutes sitting comfortably on a sofa while electrocardiogram assessments were made. After a five-minute break, in experiment II, the same subjects were provided with both arithmetic and geometric questions and their electroencephalogram readings was recorded from eight channels. All subjects participated in three sessions - no odor, an orange scent, and then a pine scent - with a minimum time interval of 24 hours. The results show that in the context of a pine scent, both the activation ratio of subjects' parasympathetic system and those of the Sensory Motor Rhythm waves and Mid Beta waves were at the highest peak. Therefore, the pine scent helped the subjects to feel more comfortable and more focused at the same time. In other words, it gave them a state of meditated attention. In addition, it was found that the right brain was activated twice the intensity when the subjects worked through the geometric questions, whereas both sides of the brain were activated in equal magnitude during the process of arithmetic tasks. This replicates previous studies of the functional aspect of the right brain - being responsible for spatial and creative thinking.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.3 s.58
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• pp.599-608
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• 1997

We studied on change of lens accommodation and pupil light reflex caused by VDT work in six women and compared them with those of other office works. The results were as follows. 1. In VDT work the accommodation contraction velocity decreased during the first 2-hr VDT task, then recovered markedly by the end of the one-hour lunch break, and decreased again by the end of the 2nd 2-hr VDT task. Changes of relaxation velocity showed similar pattern although it was less typical than that of contraction velocity 2. There was no marked change in accommodation contraction velocity and amplitude of accommodation in general office work and near-distance office work, and in the near-distance office work accommodation relaxation velocity decreased according to work load without recovery after lunch break. 3. Initial pupil diameter, initial pupil area of light reflex decreased significantly during VDT task only in VDT work and didn't recover after lunch break. These results suggest possibility that changes of accommodation contraction velocity, accommodation relaxation velocity, near point distance, and pupil diameter and area are useful in evaluating characteristics of VDT work. For this, more research adjusted individual differences, circadian rhythm, emotional stress needs.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2005

School violence is known to cause various emotional, behavioral and social problems. Low self-esteem, lack of self consciousness, sense of alienation, guilty consciousness, somatoform symptoms and low concentration happened to adolescent victims. This patient was suffering for school violence during about a year, then Pain disorder occurred to him. Neurofeedback has been used as a complementary therapeutic relaxation and a increasing self-esteem technique. This patient, is a 13-year- boy, who had been exposed school violence for a year and caused severe and constant pain, was successfully treated by Neurofeedback therapy with oriental medication. This case report is focused on treatment through these methods.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1244-1253
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experience of Dan-Jeon breathing training and of Qi as a essential substance in forming human body. The sample consists of 7 participants who are Dan-Jeon Breathing training in a Training center, Pusan, Korea. They were asked open-ended questions in order for them to talk about their experiences. With permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The summarized results of this research are following. 1. The purpose of Dan-Jeon Breathing The interview data was organized by themes into 4 categories : hope for health recovery, a concern about Dan-Jeon Breathing, seeking meaning of life, change of lifestyle 2. The experience of Qi during Dan-Jeon Breathing training The interview data was organized by themes into 3 categories : an autonomic movement of body, spiritual experience, conviction of existence of Qi. 3. The change after Dan-Jeon Breathing training. The interview data was organized by themes into 7 categories : physical health promotion, emotional relaxation, promoting brain function, positive attitude about life, love to others, investigation for self, improvement on Qi feeling..

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.315-328
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the process of smoking behavior of college women with a history of smoking. The subject were 48 female students selected by theoretical sampling from a womens' university in Korea. The data were collected by in-depth interviews using audiotape recordings done over a period of seven months. The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to strauss and corbin's methodology. Analysis of the data resulted in identification of 15 categories representing 34 concepts. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Smoking in college women is caused by either curiosity or antagonism toward male smokers 2. The meaning(phenomena) of smoking behavior in college women is justifiable or regretable 3. Smoking occurs in connection with eating, during period of psychological conflict or as an habitual practice 4. Smoking behavior is related to the perception of harmfulness to health, influence of others and the accessability of cigarettes. 5. College women experinced a change in their state of health, emotional relaxation, change in their social relationships It is suggested that the results of this study may contribute to the development of strategies for the purpose of decreasing smoking behavior among female college students.