• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.422-432
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• 2009

Purpose: In this study rest-activity rhythm, sleep pattern and quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome were compared with those of a normal group. Methods: The participants in this study were 36 patients with restless legs syndrome diagnosed by a neurologist and 36 participants in the normal group. An actigraph, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scale were used as measurement tools for the study. Chi-square test, Lamda test, t-test and Kendall's correlation with SPSS 12.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: Patients with restless legs syndrome had a higher rest-activity rhythm curve of Least 5 hr's activity(L5) and Most 10 hr's activity(M10) than those of normal group and sleep problems included decreased sleep efficiency and increased sleep latency, wake time and number of awakenings. The scores for the subscales of quality of life in patients with restless legs syndrome were lower than the normal group for general health, physical functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, role limitation due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, vitality and mental health. Conclusion: The results suggest that further studies are needed to identify rest-activity rhythm according to symptom severity and to develop nursing interventions which consider rest-activity rhythm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5_2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

This paper researches, by looking into visitors of the Garden of Morning Calm, Pyunggang Botanical Garden, Jangheung Natural Arboretum and the Garden of Wild Flower, how they use these arboretums and what are the facilities they like most to provide directions in formation and planning of domestic private arboretums. The followings are executive summery of this research. It was researched that most of the them visited arboretums for emotional life (42.93%). They answered that the major reason that they go to arboretums is rest and service functions (42.97%). Such number suggest arboretums that they should provide, along with their original purpose of biological preservation, practical purposes, including rest and service functions. When asked facilities they preferred most, most visitors answered that they are most satisfied with facilities like restaurants and cafeterias. Information desk, management office, forest museum, wild life zoo, green house, exhibition room, rest area, pond and fountains influenced the visitor satisfaction level as well. Regarding to facility references, visitors most preferred information desk, management office, restaurant and cafeteria.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

Objective : This study was done to investigate the differences of HRV(Heart Rate Variability) change as the response to the emotional stimulus in each Sasang constitutions. Method : We investigated 44 healthy volunteers consisted of 10 Soyangin, 14 Soeumin and 20 Taeumin. After diagnosing the Sasang constitution by specialist of Sasang medicine, we measured the baseline emotional state(100 sec) before the stimulus, the changing emotional state(100 sec) while fearful film was being played. And we rechecked the emotional state(100 sec) while taking a rest. At last, volunteers checked the questionnaire for emotional response. We analysed ECG data with HRV-time domain and frequency domain analysis. Results : (1) There were no significant difference in Mean-RR , SDNN between each groups. (2) LF of Taeumin group significantly increased by the emotional stimulation compared with other groups. (3) There was no significant difference in TP, HF, normalized LF, normalized HF, but the variation of each period in Taeumin group was bigger than those of other groups. (4) Soeumin group reported that they felt significant disgust-emotion in the questionnaire compared with other groups. Conclusion : Taeumin group showed significant emotional changes on HRV by fear stimulus film.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

In conventional ergonomics, consumer product can be made based on anthropometric data and specific design guideline. However, the product may not satisfy consumers because their emotional preference have not been properly considered in design phase. Therefore, in this study a new chair design process was introduced by which both consumer's emotional need and traditional ergonomic requirement can be satisfied. As a part of the process, the traditional Kansei engineering technique was modified to collect quantitative information of consumer's visual appreciation and physical feedback of various types of chairs. Furthermore, we developed an interface, so called, KADAS(Kamsung Analysis and Design Assistance System), for designers to use the technique in chair design. This software can help designers to understand what should be the most suitable shape in designing items such as seat, back and arm rest, etc. to meet the emotional need of consumers. This software displays the result of modified quantification theory I, and explains how to use the statistics. This study suggested a new approach for ergonomic design incorporated with Kansei Engineering technique. This technique can be also applied to other products by extending the database of KADAS.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 1997

Bed rest is recommended to prevent postlumbar puncture headaches(PLPHA), but the period of bed rest varies in the literature from 6 hours to 24 hours. In clinical practice the period of bed rest varies but nursing methods for adults and children have little difference. In Seoul National University Hospital, children have been given at least 6 hours bed rest after a lumbar puncture. Pediatric oncology patients require a lumbar puncture for an initial diagnosis, follow up treatment or administration of chemotherapeutic agent. But it is difficult for young children to lie supine or to refrain from their usual activities in any way, and unpleasant problems related to a shortage of beds often occurs during discharge or in an outpatient setting. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the preventive effect of PLPHA by the period of bed rest, to identify the other factors that influence PLPHA, and to use the nursing methods proper to children. The subjects were 65 children, ages 1-17, undergoing treatment in the children's cancer center at SNUCH during the period June 1, 1995, to Aug. 31, 1995. The team nurses asked questions about PLPHA of the parents and children in order to fill out a questionnaire. The data were evaluated by percent, t-test, Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Result; 1. There was no significant difference relating the bed rest time spent to the occurrence of postspinal headaches (t-test). 2. There was a significant risk of PLPHA in the children who were irritable before procedure and/or had experienced previous PLPHA(p<0.05, ${x^2}-test$). 3. The following factors were not found to be associated with increased risk of PLPHA: previous puncture experience, giving analgesics, the choice of puncturist, inpatient/outpatient status, gauge of needle, purpose, the amount of CSF removed, gender, diagnosis, the number of peripheral WBCs, previous lumbago experience after LP, position after bed rest, age, the number of aural puncture at the time. A longer period of bed rest is unlikely to be more effective to prevent PLPHA and seems impractical. A shorter period will save time and effort. Perhaps it will also allay some of the fears which surround LP. So 1 hour bed rest after LP is suggested and nursing methods for emotional support should be investigated to reduce PLPH.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

This research is to evaluate the arousal level by using cardiovascular response. PPG was used in this study as one of the method of measuring it rather than ECG (Electrocardiography) for the purpose of solving ergonomic problem of sensing. The participants were in the age group of 20 (mean=24, standard deviation=1.25): five men and five women. Each experiment composed with four identical sets. First, a black screen was displayed for 30 second rest. Then, the prepared 6 pair images were randomly presented for 10 second stimulation and for 30 second non-stimulation. PPG was measured on the earlobes of experimenters at 200Hz sampling frequency. PPG amplitude, PPI(Pulse to Pulse Interval), and PRV(Pulse Rate Variability) were analyzed according to arousal level. T-test was performed to compare between the PPG variables of rest and relaxation, rest and arousal, and relaxation and arousal. Relative to the rest state, PPG amplitude decreased in relaxed state and increased in aroused state. Relative to the rest state, PPI decreased in both emotional states. However, more significant decline was observed in aroused state. PRV's LF and HF were used in the form of LF/HF to compare between the relaxed and the aroused state. Therefore, PPG signal showed significant differences between relaxed and aroused state. In conclusion, evaluation of human arousal level used in the PPG analysis demonstrated that PPG has better usability and comforter measurement than ECG and is clearly an alternative method of measuring arousal level.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2009

This study tried to investigate how three levels of arousal affect performance of a 3-back task. Ten university male (age $25.7{\pm}1.5$) and ten female (age $24.5{\pm}1.8$) students participated in this experiment. Using pictures selected from a group test, three levels of arousal, i.e. tensed, neutral, and relaxed emotions, were induced. Each subject was run through the procedure three times, once for each arousal level. The procedure consisted of six phases for each arousal condition Rest 1(2 min), Picture 1(presenting emotion arousing photos for 2 min), 3-back task 1(2 min), Picture 2(presenting emotion arousing photos for 2 min), 3-back task 2(2 min), and Rest 2(2 min). Skin conductance level(SCL) of electrothermal activity was also measured during all phases of the experiment. The accuracy rate of 3-back task performance was the highest at a neutral emotional state, followed by relaxed and then tensed emotional state. There was no difference in reaction time(RT) among the three levels of arousal. SCL was the highest at a tensed emotional state, followed by neutral emotional state and then relaxed emotional state. Based on the results, it could be inferred that tension, induced by stimuli unrelated to cognitive tasks, decreases the ability to perform cognitive tasks.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 2009

Objectives : This study has the object to evaluate the effect of meditation at the clinical field and to classify the profer meditation by the emotional states of patients. Methods : Thirty volunteers have been recruited using local advertisement. They devided into two groups(patient group, normal group). Emotional states and stressors (STAI, STAXI, BDI, SCL-90-R, Stress Response inventory, Life event stress) have been evaluated. After that test HRV(Heart Rate Variability) has been tested and subjects took a 5-minute rest. After that, one of meditation has been chosed and has been demonstrated for 10 minutes by practiced trainer(Autogenic Training, Fruit Imaginary Meditation, Random assignment). After 5 minutes resting time, HRV has been measured again with meditation that had been administered. Results : 1. The higher the scale of emotional index, the more sensitively react has been occured according to the meditation. 2. The rate of HRV index that means stable state is higher in Fruit Imaginary Meditation group who thought to be administered meditation well. 3. The Fruit Imaginary Meditation is more effective immediately than Autogenic Training assessed by HRV scale and VAS scale of well-administered meditation especially in patients group. 4. Subjects of Highly suffered emotional problem have more effect in Fruit Imaginary Meditation Group compared to Autogenic Training Group. Conclusions : Suitable beginner meditation course considered patient's emotional problem needs to be programmed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

Purpose - Previous studies related to emotional labor of salespeople have mainly focused on identifying the antecedents of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention and exploring the mitigating effects salespeople's motivation on emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. They also demonstrates that there are different roles for moderating in social support, which means mental/physical support related to the job in supervisors, colleagues and organizations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how service employees' surface acting affect turnover intention through emotional exhaustion. Another important objective of this paper is to investigate whether perceived social support moderates 1) the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion 2) the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - To test the hypotheses, we collected the data from Korean insurance company sales employees. A total of 235 responses were received, from which 220 usable responses were obtained after list-wise deletion. Working with a sample of 220 responses, structural equation modeling was employed to empirically test research hypotheses(

The relationship between surface acting and emotion exhaustion,

The relationship between emotion exhaustion and turnover intention,

The moderating effect of perceived social support(PSS) on the relationship between surface acting and emotion exhaustion, and

The moderating effect of perceived social support(PSS) on the relationship between emotion exhaustion and turnover intention. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS software were used in these data analysis. Results - The service employees' surface acting was positively related to the emotional exhaustion; in turn, the service employees' feelings on emotional exhaustion are positively related to turnover intention. In addition, Perceived Social Support significantly moderated the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion. However, perceived social support has a non-significant moderating effect on the path from emotional exhaustion to turnover intention. On the basis of these results, the following conclusion can be drawn. First, distribution service companies will be needed the administrative efforts to offer counseling programs and space to provide their members with enough rest in experiencing psychological pain due to the salespeople's surface acting. Also, it is necessary for distribution service companies to identify and share the examples of successfully solving emotional exhaustion caused by salespeople's surface acting.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.309-317
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• 2013

In the recent society of knowledge industry, a changed phenomenon of domestic corporate culture, Work Smart working in creative and various ways beyond time and space is emerged from Work Hard working just hard. Thus, many corporations are trying to configure the emotional space beside the work space to make effective and creative achievements in free work environment out of rigid organizational culture in the past. This space is called Amenity space which enables to implement physical and psychological healings simultaneously and this is not a place for rest like in the past industry society. This research suggests distinctive characteristics of other amenity furniture unlike general furniture by analyzing the variously suggested change of forms of amenity furniture for Work Smart and the changes of configuring key factors such as forms, structures and functions of amenity furniture.