• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

This study has aimed to compare an emission trading system (ETS) in the EU and Japan that introduced the scheme prior to Korea and provided the latter with a benchmarking model. Especially, the EU has a reputation for its well-organized and evolving system, and Japan has also successfully established the system despite its similar condition with Korea, such as an industrial structure and the degree of energy dependence. However, there are noticeable differences between the EU and Japan in their ETS. Whereas Japan has focused on securing certifications in CDM as the implementation of Kyoto protocol, EU has shown a tendency to transform the trading market from a parallel structure of EUA and CER transaction to only the EUA transaction after ending of 1st commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Since the differences were mainly caused by not only in a design of the system but also in internal governance and their national circumstance, it is meaningful to analyse the Korean case with a similar framework. This study may contribute to designing an appropriate system for emission trading in Korea through the comparison of the EU and Japanese case.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

The emission trading system implemented in Korea is a system in which the government allocates or sells emission rights by setting the emission allowable amount to economic players subject to the emission trading system, allowing companies to freely trade shortfall or extra money through the emission trading market. Korea also had implemented its first emission trading system scheme period of time from 2015 to 2017. As a result of the first planning period in which total of seven Korean airlines were targeted, the emission amount was about 5.51 million KAU, while the quota amount was only about 4.85 million KAU, about 116% of the actual quota was emitted and Domestic airlines have incurred additional costs of about 10.7 billion won. Due to ICAO's implementation of CORSIA, the airlines are expected to have to shoulder additional costs because purchasing exceed quota will be increased in order to offset excess emissions not only on domestic but also on international routes. Thus, this paper had analyzed the characteristics of the carbon trading system of air transport industry and suggested a mix of regulatory policies as an improvement method.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.77-102
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• 2010

본 논문의 목적은 최근 일본에서 시행되고 있는 기후변화정책과 다양한 형태로 도입되고 있는 배출권거래 및 탄소크레디트 관련 제도의 시행상황을 분석하여 우리나라의 관련 제도설계 시 시사점을 제공하고자 함에 있다. 일본의 제도시행 상황에 대한 분석을 참고로 할 경우 배출권의 제도설계는 기업 등 이해당사자의 비용부담의 공평성문제에 대한 신중한 논의와 온실가스 관련 데이터의 신뢰성 제고, 배출권발행 검정기관의 육성 등 관련 인프라를 정비하면서 착실히 추진해야 할 필요가 있다. 아울러 옵셋 크레디트 그린전력증서, 에코포인트 등 국내재원의 해외유출을 최소화하면서 경제와 탄소삭감을 양립시키는 '환경가치'의 생산과 유통을 장려하고 이들과 배출권 거래제도를 연계할 필요가 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.173-216
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• 2001

We compare impacts of different $CO_2$ abatement mechanisms using a CGE model. Focus is on the way the tradable permits are initially distributed for emissions trading, namely auction and grandfathering. For three major energy consuming industries (basic chemical, iron & steel and electricity) in Korea, emissions trading is clearly superior to individual $CO_2$ abatement, but auction and grandfathering show somewhat different patterns of impact. We show that depending on how the government uses the revenue from permit auction, auction may be preferable to grandfathering.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.478-485
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• 2022

외부사업을 통해 발행받은 인증실적을 배출권 거래제 할당 대상 업체에게 판매하고 할당 대상업체는 구매한 외부사업 인증실적을 상쇄 배출권으로 바꾸어 할당량을 확보할 수 있다. 본 방법론은 기존 기름보일러를(유종별) 사용하던 화석연료를 상대적으로 탄소 함량이 적은 프로판가스를 사용하는 보일러로 교체하였을 때 유종별 이산화탄소 배출 감축분을 인정받아 온실가스 감축을 하지 못해 배출허용량을 넘긴 대기업의 부족된 할당량으로 보충하기 위한 초기 분석으로 탄소감축 배출량과 배출권 거래 금액을 산출하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.149-166
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• 2023

온실가스 저감을 위해 도입된 배출권거래제가 2차 계획기간(2018~2020) 중 배출권 가격 급등에 따라 원활한 배출권 수급에 대한 수요는 증가한 반면 향후 배출권 부족을 예상한 공급자들의 거래참여 부진이 발생하였다. 이로 인해 2019년 당국은 시장 안정화 조치의 일환으로 배출권의 이월량이 거래량에 비례하도록 지침을 일시적으로 개정한 바 있다. 본고는 복수참여자 동태적 비선형 수리모형을 활용한 최적화 과정을 통해 이월정책에 대한 정부의 개입이 온실가스 저감 및 배출권 시장 가격 등에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 분석 결과, 이월제한이라는 규제가 미리 예견되는 모형의 제약에도 불구하고 규제가 실시되는 기간 중에는 확실한 매물 출하 효과로 인해 가격인하가 발생하였음을 보여주고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1022-1028
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the environmental load of two different concentrate feed supply systems to the Japanese domestic livestock industry using the Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The current system was defined as that requiring 11.469 million tons of corn imported from the US by sea transport and supplied as concentrate feed to the Japanese domestic livestock industry. The new system proposed by Kaku et al. in 2004 was defined as where 802,830 tons of US imported corn would not be planted in US and would be replaced by barley planted in 278 thousand ha of Japanese domestic land left fallow for the past year. In this case, 909,000 tons of domestic harvest barley would have been supplied as concentrate feed to the Japanese domestic livestock industry in 2000. The activities taken into account within the two system boundaries were three stages: concentrate feed production, feed transportation and gas emission from the soil by chemical fertilizer. Finished compost was regarded as organic fertilizer and was put instead of chemical fertilizers within the system boundary. Adoption of this new concentrate feed supply system by the Japanese domestic livestock industry could reduce 78,462 tons $CO_2$-equivalents of global warming potential, 347 tons $SO_2$-equivalents of acidification potential, 54 tons $PO_4$-equivalents of eutrophication potential and 0.842 million GJ as energy consumption below 2,000 levels. This LCA study comparing two Japanese domestic livestock concentrate feed supply systems showed that the stage of feed transport contributed most to global warming and the stage of emission from the soil contributed most to acidification and eutrophication. The Japanese domestic livestock industry could participate in emissions trading with $CO_2$-equivalents reduced by shifting from some imported US corn as a concentrate feed to domestic barley planted in land left fallow. In that case the Japanese government could launch emissions trading in accordance with Kyoto Protocol in the future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

Energy saving in the transport sector in the framework of the annual growth of energy consumption, the degree of negative impact on the environment and the amount of harmful emissions are becoming increasingly important. The article considers the world tendencies of energy consumption in transportation sector and emphasizes its dependency from oil. Also article describes the dynamics of energy use and CO₂ emissions from transport of city Almaty. In conclusion authors identify a number of problems in the transport sector, which hinder the implementation of energy efficiency measures and measures to reduce CO₂ emissions.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2010

Under the Kyoto Protocol many countries have been requested to participate in emissions trading with the assigned $CO_2$ emissions. In this environment, it is inevitable to change the system and market operation in deregulated power systems, and then ensuring safety margin is becoming more important for balancing system security, economy and $CO_2$ emissions. Nowadays, available transfer capability (ATC) is a key index of the remaining capability of a transmission system for future transactions. This paper presents a novel approach to the ATC evaluation with $CO_2$ emissions using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique. This technique evolves a multi-objective version of PSO by proposing redefinition of global best and local best individuals in multi-objective optimization domain. The optimal power flow (OPF) method using MOPSO is suggested to solve multi-objective functions including fuel cost and $CO_2$ emissions simultaneously. To show its efficiency and effectiveness, the results of the proposed method is comprehensively realized by a comparison with the ATC which is not including $CO_2$ emissions for the IEEE 30-bus system, and is found to be quite promising.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.441-443
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• 2003

One of the major pending issues regarding the Kyoto Protocol is to develope the domestic policies and measures for achieving GHG emission reduction target. The Kyoto Protocol can create the change of fuel-mix in generation company. This study analyzes the impact of introducing emission trading on the change in fuel mix in Korea generation market.