• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2022

In accordance with the enactment of 'the Paris Agreement' in 2015 and 'the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Response to the Climate Crisis' in 2021, each local government has set appropriate reduction target of greenhouse gas to achieve the nationally determined contribution (NDC, the reduction target of 40% compared to 2018) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030. In this study, the current distribution of GHG emissions was analyzed in a time series centered on the Chungbuk region for the period from 1990 to 2018, with the aim of reducing GHG emissions in Chungbuk by 2030 based on the 2030 NDC and scenario. In addition, the prospected reduction by 2030 was estimated considering the projected emissions according to Busines As Usual in order to achieve the target reduction of GHG emissions. Our results showed that GHG emissions in Chungbuk and Korea have been increasing since 1990 owing to population and economic growth. GHG emissions in 2018 in Chungbuk were very low (3.9 %) relative to the national value. Moreover, emissions from fuel combustion, such as cement and lime production, manufacturing and construction industries, and transportation industries, were the main sources. Furthermore, the 2030 target of GHG emission reduction in Chungbuk was set at 40.2% relative to the 2018 value, in accordance with the 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon-zero national scenario. Therefore, when projected emissions were considered, the prospected reduction to achieve the target reduction of GHG emissions was estimated to be 46.8% relative to 2018. The above results highlight the importance of meeting the prospected reduction of GHG emissions through reduction means in each sector to achieve the national and local GHG reduction target. In addition, to achieve the 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon zero, the country and each local government, including Chungbuk, need to estimate projected emissions by year, determine reduction targets and prospect reductions every year, and prepare specific means to reduce GHG emissions.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.279-290
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• 2013

In this study, a comprehensive model developed to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban area with low impact development (LID) and its integrated management practices (IMPs). The model was applied to the actual urban area in Asan Tangjeong district (ATD) as a case study. A rainwater tank (1200 ton) among various LID IMPs generated the highest amount of GHG emissions ($3.77{\times}10^5kgCO_2eq$) and led to the utmost reducing effect ($1.49{\times}10^3kgCO_2eq/year$). In the urban area with LID IMPs, annually $1.95{\times}104kgCO_2eq$ of avoided GHG emissions were generated by a reducing effect (e.g., tap water substitution and vegetation $CO_2$ absorption) for a payback period of 162 years. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to quantitatively evaluate the significance of the factors on the overall GHG emissions in ATD, and suggested to plant alternative vegetation on LID IMPs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The characteristics of smoke emissions from diesel heavy duty vehicles which weigh over 5.5 tons was investigated by driving the vehicles with both the Lugdown 3 modes in the chassis dynamometer and tree accelerating mode under no load. The vehicles include commercial vehicles such as bus, microbus, trucks and specialized vehicles, etc. The total numbers of the vehicles tested were 200. The light extinction method was used to measure the smoke emissions from the vehicles tail pipe. The values of the smoke emissions in the tree accelerating mode showed $0{\sim}20%$ band nearly independent of both the mileage and year of production of the tested vehicles, while those in the Lugdown 3 modes showed $0{\sim}99%$ of wide band. The correlation coefficients between the values of the smoke emissions with both the Lugdown 3 modes and the free acceleration mode were 0.12, 0.08, 0.12, respectively. The inspection with Lugdown 3 modes is better one than that with tree acceleration from the point of exact inspection of the diesel vehicles' smoke emission.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.87-99
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of municipal sustainability policy efforts on citywide $CO_2$ emissions. 25 cities in the U.S.A., which offer data on $CO_2$ emissions and are included in the top 50 largest cities in the U.S.A. according to its estimated population, were selected as study cities. This study utilizes the Sustainable Cities Seriously Index of Portney and selects data for the index at the city level. For analysis, this study employs correlation analysis, and OLS regression analysis. The results show that each city has around 30 sustainability policies and emits $12.76tCO_2$ per year on average. In addition, when the number of sustainability policies increases by one, the amount of $CO_2$ per capita decreases by $0.7tCO_2$. This means that the more cities employ sustainability policies, the less $CO_2$ those cities emit. The results of this study support the idea that active efforts on behalf of municipal governments toward the development of sustainability policies are needed to handle citywide $CO_2$ emissions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.539-553
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• 2004

Up to the present time, many methods to estimate emissions from a particular diesel engines have wholly depended on the quantity of diesel fuel consumed. Then, the recommended emission factors were normalized by fuel consumption, and further total activity was estimated by the total fuel consumed. One of main purposes in the study is newly to develop emission factors for the railroad diesel rolling stock (RDRS) and to estimate a total amount of major gaseous pollutants from the RDRS in Korea. Prior to develop a Korean mode emission factor. the emission factor from the USEPA was simply applied for comparative studies. When applying the USEPA emission factors, total exhaust emissions from the RDRS in Korea were estimated by 28,117tons of NOx, 2,832.3tons of CO, and 1,237.5tons of HC, etc in 2001. In this study, a emission factor for the RDRS, so called the KoRail mode (the Korean Railroad mode) has been developed on the basis of analyzing the driving pattern of the Gyeongbu-Line especially for the line-haul mode. Explicitly to make the site specific emission factors, many uncertainty problems concerning weighting factors for each power mode, limited emission test, incomplete data for RDRS, and other important input parameters were extensively examined. Total exhaust emissions by KoRail mode in Korea were estimated by 10,960tons of NOx, and 4,622tons of CO, and so on in the year of 2001. The emissions estimated by the USEPA mode were 2.6 times higher for NOx, and 1.6 times lower for CO than those by the KoRail mode. As a conclusion, based on the emission calculated from both the USEPA mode and the KoRail mode, the RDRS is considered as one of the significant mobile sources for major gaseous pollutants and thus management plans an(1 control strategies for the RDRS must be established to improve air quality near future in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2017

IPCC Guidelines have been updated after the first official announcement to get more precise estimation of GHG emissions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the implications of the IPCC Guidelines improvements including equations of country-specific parameter values for estimating GHG emissions for rice cultivation on the agricultural sector. In addition, we analyze the effects of emission factors associated with organic amendment applications. The results of this study are as follows; (1) the total GHG emissions of rice cultivation based on 1996 IPCC GL are 28% lower than those estimated by 2006 IPCC GL with the same year data; (2) GHGs can be reduced up to 60% through the assumption of organic fertilizer applications; (3) Jeonnam and Chungnam are the worst regions for GHG emissions on rice cultivation and Chungbuk shows the highest reduction rate of GHG emissions, about 40%.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

This study measured the amount of electricity consumed by the vending machines installed on campus and aim to come up with measures to address excessive consumption of electricity. We chose 10 universities located in the city of Seoul and Gyeonggi province and measured electricity consumption of 10 vending machines installed in each university. We then calculated annual electricity consumption of the machines based on previously calculated electricity consumption of 100 samples. According to the result of the calculation, it is estimated that the machines studied on consume 700 KWh a year. This amount could translate into approximately 3,000 tons of annual carbon emissions and 640 million KRW in annual electricity bills. It was also found that there is a significant difference between ordinary vending machines and machines certified for being eco-friendly and energy efficient, in terms of electric power consumption. It is expected that, if the ordinary machines are replaced with the eco-friendly and high-efficient machines, 640 KWh of electricity, 300 kg of carbon, and 61,640 KRW in electricity bills would be saved, which means 28% saving in energy, emissions and bills. In conclusion, we determined that, as one of the ways to reduce electric power consumption and carbon emissions, old vending machines on campus could be replaced with eco-friendly and high-efficient machines.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2014

This study was conducted to predict greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from paddy by future climate change scenario in Korea. Chuncheon city in Kangwon province were selected as study area. A1B Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) of the IPCC (Intergovernmental panel on climate change) was used to assess the future potential climate change. The rainfall and temperature was projected to increase by 8.4 % and 1.9 % (2040s), 35.9 % and 27.0 % (2060s), 19.2 % and 30.8 % (2090s), respectively, compare to the 2010s value. Under the climate change, Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) predicted an increase in $N_2O$, $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ emissions from paddy. The simulations resulted in annual net emissions of 0.4~2.4, 500.5~734.5 and 29.4~160.4 kg/ha/year of $N_2O-N$, $CH_4-C$ and $CO_2-C$, respectively, with a cumulated global warming potential (GWP) of $14.5{\sim}21.7t{\cdot}CO_2/ha/year$ were affected by rainfall, temperature, manure amendment and fertilizer amount. The simulation results suggested that implementation of manure amendment or reduction of water consumption instead of increased fertilizer application rates would more efficiently mitigate GHG emissions.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2017

Methane and nitrous oxide are main greenhouse gases from agricultural system and their global warming potential are 25 and 258 times stronger than that of $CO_2$, respectively. In 2016, the emission was $21,290Gg\;tone\;CO_2-eq$. which was emitted from agriculture sector and about 3.1% of total GHG emission of Korea. Those guidelines that were published by IPCC have methodology for GHGs emission calculation as well as emission factor and so on. For recent 5 years, GHGs emissions in Korea have calculated by MRV which has been improved every year based on IPCC guidelines. Analysis as estimating method improvement showed that the methane emissions from rice cultivation were the lowest on 2012 methodology, and the highest on 2014 methodology. On the other hand, the emissions of agricultural soils were the lowest on 2015 methodology and the highest on 2012 methodology. Total emissions from agriculture sector were the lowest on 2015 methodology and the highest on 2012 methodology. Compared with 2016 methodology, the GHGs emitted as few as $-1,865Gg\;tone\;CO_2-eq$ and as many as $2,717Gg\;tone\;CO_2-eq$. GHGs emissions can vary greatly, depending on how to use the emission factor and activity data. Therefore, it need constantly a detailed analysis for methodology and GHGs emission in the future.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.15
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

Under the new environmental regulations announced by the government, utilities will have to cut their sulfur dioxide emissions by 60% from 1991 levels by the year of 1999. Sulfur dioxide emissions can be reduced prior to combustion by physical, chemical or biological coal cleaning. The new technology of high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) offers the potential of economic separatoins of a variety of fine, weakly magnetic minerals including inorganic sulfur and many ash-forming minerals from coals. In the present paper, magnetic separation tests have been conducted on Korean anthracite and high-sulfur Chinese coal to investigate the feasibility of these techniques for reducing sulfur content from coals. In wet magnetic separation, the studied operating parameters include particle size, pH, matrix types, feed solids content, feed rate, number of cleaning stages and etc. The results shows that for wet separation, 60~70% of total sulfur was removed from coals with over 80% combustible recovery, on the other hand, for dry separation, 47.6% of total sulfur was removed from coals with 75% recovery.