Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2018.11.53.6.87

Impact of municipal sustainability policy efforts on citywide CO2 emissions - Case study of cities in the USA -  

Park, Jin Han (Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University)
Kim, Songyi (Tourism Industry Research Division, Korea Culture & Tourism Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of Korea Planning Association / v.53, no.6, 2018 , pp. 87-99 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of municipal sustainability policy efforts on citywide $CO_2$ emissions. 25 cities in the U.S.A., which offer data on $CO_2$ emissions and are included in the top 50 largest cities in the U.S.A. according to its estimated population, were selected as study cities. This study utilizes the Sustainable Cities Seriously Index of Portney and selects data for the index at the city level. For analysis, this study employs correlation analysis, and OLS regression analysis. The results show that each city has around 30 sustainability policies and emits $12.76tCO_2$ per year on average. In addition, when the number of sustainability policies increases by one, the amount of $CO_2$ per capita decreases by $0.7tCO_2$. This means that the more cities employ sustainability policies, the less $CO_2$ those cities emit. The results of this study support the idea that active efforts on behalf of municipal governments toward the development of sustainability policies are needed to handle citywide $CO_2$ emissions.
Keywords
Urban Planning; Environmental Planning; Environmental Policy; Mitigation Policy; Sustainable Cities Seriously Index;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kim, Byung-Suk and Moon, Tae Hoon, 2011, "A Study on the Effects of Land Use Characteristics of Compact City on $CO_2$ Emission", Journal of Environmental Policy and Administration, 19(2): 101-115.
2 Kim, Byung-Suk and Moon, Tae Hoon, 2014, "A Study on the Effect of Urban Spatial Structure Characteristics on $CO_2$ Emission from Transport Sector -Using System Dynamics Simulation Method-", Journal of The Korean Regional Development Association, 26(5): 75-94.
3 Yoo, Sung-Phil and Hwang, Jee-Wook, 2015, "Effects of Urban Characteristics on $CO_2$ Emission by Region", Journal of Korea Planning Association, 50(2): 197-210.   DOI
4 Lee, Huiyeon and No, Seungcheol, 2012. Advanced Statistical Analysis, Goyang: Moonwoosa.
5 Jang, Myungjun, Shin, Yea-Cheol, Choi, Hyoung-Sun and Kim, Taeho, 2012. "The Analysis of Relationship Between Urban Size and $CO_2$ Emissions Considering Urban Characteristics", Journal of The Korean Urban Management Association, 25(4): 57-87.
6 Alam, M. J., Begum, I. A., Buysse, J., Rahman, S., and Van Huylenbroeck, G., 2011. "Dynamic modeling of causal relationship between energy consumption, $CO_2$ emissions and economic growth in India", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(6): 3243-3251.   DOI
7 Andrade, Carlos Eduardo Sanches de, and Marcio de Almeida D'Agosto, 2016. "The Role of Rail Transit Systems in Reducing Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Case of The City of Rio de Janeiro". Sustainability, 8(2): 150.
8 ATPA (the American Public Transportation Association), 2018. Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2017, Washington DC.
9 CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) (https://data.cdp.net/Cities/2016-Citywide-Emissions-Map/iqbu-zjaj/), Accessed May 03, 2018.
10 Barla, P., Miranda-Moreno, L. F., and Lee-Gosselin, M., 2011. "Urban travel $CO_2$ emissions and land use: A case study for Quebec City", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(6): 423-428.   DOI
11 Chen, S. T., Kuo, H. I., and Chen, C. C., 2007. "The relationship between GDP and electricity consumption in 10 Asian countries", Energy Policy, 35(4): 2611-2621.   DOI
12 Gielen, D., and Changhong, C., 2001. "The $CO_2$ emission reduction benefits of Chinese energy policies and environmental policies: A case study for Shanghai, period 1995-2020", Ecological Economics, 39(2): 257-270.   DOI
13 Collins, D., and Zheng, C., 2015. "Managing the Poverty-$CO_2$ Reductions Paradox: The Case of China and the EU", Organization and Environment, 28(4): 355-373.   DOI
14 Ewing, R. H., and Hamidi, S., 2014. Measuring Sprawl 2014, Washington DC: Smart Growth America.
15 Figliozzi, M. A., 2011. "The impacts of congestion on time-definitive urban freight distribution networks $CO_2$ emission levels: Results from a case study in Portland, Oregon", Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 19(5): 766-778.   DOI
16 Lantz, Van, and Q. Feng., 2006. "Assessing income, population, and technology impacts on $CO_2$ emissions in Canada: where's the EKC?", Ecological Economics, 57(2): 229-238.   DOI
17 Portney, Kent E., 2013b. Taking Sustainable cities seriously: economic development, the environment, and quality of life in American cities. 2nd ed., Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
18 Li, F., Dong, S., Li, X., Liang, Q., and Yang, W., 2011. "Energy consumption-economic growth relationship and carbon dioxide emissions in China". Energy Policy, 39(2): 568-574.   DOI
19 Portney, Kent E., 2005. "Civic engagement and sustainable cities in the United States". Public Administration Review, 65(5): 579-591.   DOI
20 Portney, Kent E., 2013a. "Local Sustainability Policies and Programs As Economic Development: Is the New Economic Development Sustainable Development?", Cityscape, 15(1): 45-62.
21 Portney, Kent E., and Garett Thomas Sansom, 2017. "Sustainable cities and healthy cities: are they the same?". Urban Planning, 2(3): 45-55.
22 Riahi K., and Roehrl R. A., 2000. "Greenhouse gas emissions in a dynamics-as-usual scenario of economic and energy development", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 63(2-3): 175-205.   DOI
23 U.S. Census (https://www.census.gov/en.html/) Accessed May 03, 2018.
24 Selvakkumaran, S., and Limmeechokchai, B., 2015. "Low carbon society scenario analysis of transport sector of an emerging economy-The AIM/Enduse modelling approach". Energy Policy, 81: 199-214.   DOI
25 Sharp, J. D., Jaccard, M. K., and Keith, D. W., 2009. "Anticipating public attitudes toward underground $CO_2$ storage". International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 3(5): 641-651.   DOI
26 Tiwari, R., Cervero, R., and Schipper, L., 2011. "Driving $CO_2$ reduction by Integrating Transport and Urban Design strategies". Cities, 28(5): 394-405.   DOI
27 Wei, Y. M., Liu, L. C., Fan, Y., and Wu, G., 2007. "The impact of lifestyle on energy use and $CO_2$ emission: An empirical analysis of China's residents". Energy Policy, 35(1): 247-257.   DOI
28 Yang, J., Zou, L., Lin, T., Wu, Y., and Wang, H., 2014. "Public willingness to pay for $CO_2$ mitigation and the determinants under climate change: A case study of Suzhou, China". Journal of Environmental Management, 146: 1-8.
29 Nordhaus, William D., 1993. "Optimal greenhouse-gas reductions and tax policy in the" DICE" model", The American Economic Review, 83.2: 313-317.
30 Ponce de Leon Barido, Diego, and Julian D. Marshall, 2014. "Relationship between urbanization and $CO_2$ emissions depends on income level and policy", Environmental science & technology, 48(7): 3632-3639.   DOI