• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2018

Using the CAPSS emissions data, we analysed changes and reasons in the annual air pollutant emission trends from 1999 to 2014. The CO emissions in the metropolitan area decreased steadily since 2001, when the latest model year of automobiles and high efficiency fuel were applied. However, other regions have not changed significantly in annual emissions. $NO_x$ emissions continued to increase since 2003, and unchanged after the decline in 2007. $SO_x$ emissions are steadily declining due to the supply of low sulfur oil. The $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ emissions were repeatedly affected by the influence of motor vehicles activities in the metropolitan area. In Gangwon and Chungcheong Provinces, emissions are increasing according to the use of coal in the manufacturing sector. And VOC and $NH_3$ emissions are increasing steadily every year. The major CO emission sources was automobiles in the metropolitan area. However, agricultural residue burning was the biggest CO sources in the Chungchong, Honam and Yeongnam Provinces. The major sources of $NO_x$ emissions differ from region to region. In the Metropolitan area, Honam and Yeongnam region, the truck was the largest emitter of $NO_x$. However, the cement kiln was the largest producer of $NO_x$ in Gangwon region, and the power plant is the largest emitter in Chungcheong Provinces.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2023

Background: Gunsan has been constantly affected by pollutants generated by the Saemangeum development and the construction industry since the completion of the Saemangeum seawall on April 27, 2010. However, there are limitations to its study, such as taking into consideration weather conditions, geographical factors, and foreign inflows. Objectives: In this study, we compared the Existing-CAPSS emissions of Gunsan with Recalculated-CAPSS emissions data to analyze the differences in emissions characteristics by year (2016~2019). Methods: Using Existing data on CAPSS emissions (2016~2019) and Recalculated-CAPSS emissions (2016~2019) for Gunsan, which were Recalculated following the improvement of emissions calculations for 2020, we organized CO, NO_X, SO_X, PM₁₀, VOC_S, and NH₃ emissions by substance and investigated the differences and characteristics of the Recalculated emissions by year. Results: For Re-CO and Re-PM₁₀, the emission characteristics of CO were examined as energy industry combustion and PM₁₀ emission characteristics were examined as ship cargo from non-road transportation sources, as ship leisure sources were excluded from non-road transportation source emissions. Conclusions: Comparing the emissions of Existing-CAPSS and Recalculated-CAPSS in Gunsan, the emissions of Recalculated-CAPSS by substance decreased by 39.76% for CO, 9.98% for PM₁₀, 5.53% for VOC_S, and 9.24% for NH₃, while Re-NO_X increased by 2.86% and Re-SO_X increased by 1.97%. On the other hand, when comparing the emissions characteristics of Existing-CAPSS and Recalculated-CAPSS in Gunsan, Jeonju, and Iksan, the emission characteristics of Re-NO_X, Re-SO_X, Re-VOC_S and Re-NH₃ were similar to those of Ex-NO_X, Ex-SO_X, Ex-VOC_S, and Ex-NH₃. As such, Gunsan, Iksan, and Jeonju, showed differences in the comparison of different emission characteristics due to the geographical characteristics of the region (population, area, topography, weather factors) and the characteristics of the industrial complex (metal, petrochemical).

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.85-88
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• 2003

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PARs) are an important group of organic contaminants present in sewage sludge, due to their persistence, toxic, bioaccumulative and long range transfer. These characters make themselves as Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) in Long Range Transboundary Air Pollutions convention(LRT AP) of Europe. A method of the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) determination of PARs present in sewage sludge was developed and applied to analyzed samples from five sewerage treatment plants (SWTPs), having different treatment types. PARs were extracted from freeze-dried samples by toluene 16 hours in a soxhlet extraction system. The sludge extracts were cleaned-up by an activated silica gel column chromatography. The sum of the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency PARs sewage sludge samples varied from 2.44 to 4.82 ${\mu}g$/g. Concentration of emission carcinogen PARs(PARcarc), such as Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Dibenzo(a, h)anthracene and Indeno(1, 2, 3-cd)pyrene ranged from 0.62 to 1.03 ${\mu}g$/g. The total amount of PAHs emission from sewage sludge in Korea was calculated as a top-down approach. PARs and $\sum$PAHcarc from sewage treatment plants had several pathway each by-products. In the ocean dumping, PAHs and $\sum$PAHcarc emissions were 1155.95 kg/year and 5040.32 kg/year. In recycle, PAHs and $\sum$PAHcarc emissions were 98.36 kg/year and 428.87 kg/year. In the landfill, PAHs and $\sum$PAHcarc emissions were 190.40 kg/year and 830.21 kg/year. In the incineration, PAHs and $\sum$PAHcarc emission were 33.10 kg/year and 830.21 kg/year. (In case of incineration, the whole provisions of PARs and $\sum$PAHcarc contained to flowed in sludge was supposed to be exhausted to environment through exhaust after incineration.)

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Purpose - It is important to figure out the relationship between tourism carbon emissions and tourism economics for a healthy tourism development. Research design, data, and methodology - Data of this study are collected from 27 provinces (cities) of China. Tourist consumption stripping coefficient is used to calculate tourism carbon emissions. SBM-Undesirable model is used to measure the efficiency of tourism economics under the constraint of tourism carbon emissions. Results - The results show that: during the year of 2005-2015, there are obvious differences in totals and intensities of tourism carbon emissions among 27 provinces and cities which can be divided into three areas. There is a high possibility of underestimating the actual efficiency of tourism economics by leaving tourism carbon emissions out of account, and a high inefficiency caused by tourism carbon emissions will lead a low efficiency of tourism economics. Conclusions - The development of tourism should give consideration to both economic and environmental benefits, and reduce the inefficiency caused by tourism carbon emissions to improve efficiency of tourism economics by improving the level of technical efficiency and promoting technological progress.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권sup호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

정부는 온실가스 감축을 위해 2011년 7월 12일 산업별 감축목표를 담은 '2020년 저탄소 녹색사회 구현을 위한 로드맵'을 발표하였다. 농식품 부문의 에너지 사용을 제외한 비 에너지 부문의 경우 2020년 BAU 대비 1,349천$CO_2$-eq.톤 (7.1%)을 감축해야 한다. 비 에너지 부문의 온실가스 감축에서 큰 부분(약 45%)을 차지하는 것이 가축분뇨에 관련한 감축량이다. 따라서 가축분뇨 처리과정에서 배출되는 온실가스 양을 정확히 평가하여 효율적 감축방안을 찾아내는 것이 중요하다. 이번 연구는 전과정평가를 통해 가축분뇨 처리과정의 온실가스 배출원을 판단하였다. 가축분뇨 처리과정에서 가장 많은 온실가스를 배출하는 시스템은 퇴/액비 및 정화처리 시스템 (1,649.45 kg $CO_2$-eq./head/year)이었고 가장 적은 온실가스를 배출하는 시스템은 폭기형 액비 시스템 (1,024.46 kg $CO_2$-eq./head/year)이었다. 전체 배출량 중 전기 사용에 의해 배출되는 온실가스의 비중이 가장 높은 시스템은 고온호기발효 시스템 (34.9%)이었다. 향후 온실가스 감축을 위해서는 가축분뇨 처리시스템을 선택할 경우 에너지 효율성도 고려해야 한다.

• 기술사
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

Korea has been officially classified as a non Annex-I country under the Kyoto Protocol, however, international community is used to considering it as if it were an Annex-I country. Korea has been under great pressure from the international community, especially from the EU and the US, to get included as an Annex-I country or to accept a legally-binding emissions reduction target like other developed nations. Korean Government declared its national target of emissions reduction in 2020 before the Copenhagen meeting, and also pronounced "Low-Carbon Green-Growth" as a new national paradigm to drive the entire nation toward a low carbon society and develop a new growth momentum. The 'green Act', which was passed by the National Assembly in 2009, is a comprehensive and fundamental law providing legal grounds to all of the national policies and measures that are needed to transform the nation into a low-carbon society. Korean government announced to begin Carbon Emissions Trading from 2015, instead of the originally scheduled year of 2013, considering global trends and industrial competitiveness in a flexible manner. The Carbon Emission Trading would reduce carbon emissions by 30 percent from the expected 2020 level, or 4 percent below its emissions in 2005.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

지구온난화와 이상기후현상으로 인해 온실가스가 증가함에 따라, 온실가스 감축을 위해 국가 단위의 온실가스 배출량 산정이 중요해졌다. 이에 본 연구에서는 온실가스 배출 산정의 기초자료로 활용하고자, 임의의 지역을 선정하고 임야, 초지, 논, 밭(작물), 시설원예(작물), 축사(소, 돼지), 세대(인구, 농기계), 차량 등 기본 구성단위를 설정, 탄소량 원단위와 기초 통계자료를 토대로 지역별 탄소 발생량을 실험과 문헌을 통해 산정하였다. 그 결과, 김제시의 탄소 흡수량은 772,960 ton C/year, 고정량은 487,477 ton C/year, 배출량은 1,112,607 ton C/year 로 나타났으며, 공덕면의 탄소 흡수량 55,559 ton C/year, 고정량 25,864 ton C/year, 배출량은 58,355 ton C/year로 나타났다. 황산리의 탄소 흡수량은 25,107 ton C/year, 고정량은 4,301 ton C/year, 배출량은 20,330 ton C/year 로 나타났다. 이를 통해, 각 단위마을별 특성에 따른 탄소량 산정이 가능하고, 대단위로 확대, 비교 분석하면 국가단위의 탄소 흡수 고정 배출량에 관한 기초자료를 확보 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2019

본 연구는 중국이 저탄소 경제를 제안한 지 10 여년이 지난 1985년부터 2016년까지의 중국의 탄소 배출과 탄소 배출에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해 분석한다. 중국은 동 기간 동안 산업 발전이 빠르게 진행되었으며 탄소 배출과 관련된 여러 가지 문제가 나타났고, 이제 저탄소 경제가 중국 경제 발전의 주요 과제가 되었다. 본 연구는 저탄소 경제이론 및 산업계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 바탕으로 중국의 조사 연감에서 관련 데이터를 선택하였다. 시계열 모형을 사용하여 중국의 탄소 배출에 대한 영향요소를 분석하였다. 관련 산업의 혁신이 계속되면서 전기와 같은 그린에너지의 사용을 증가 시켰지만, 석탄은 여전히 소모된 에너지에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 에너지 사용효율이 증가하고 산업연구 개발 투자 강도가 해마다 증가하였지만 탄소 배출도 매년 증가하고 있다. 탄소 배출에 영향을 미치는 가장 큰 요인은 산업이라는 고정관념이 있으나, 본 논문을 통해 중국의 탄소 배출에 대한 산업의 영향이 점차 감소하고 있음을 발견했다. 또한 공업에서의 탄소 배출을 통제하는 동시에 기술개발을 계속 향상시키고, 다른 업종의 탄소 배출도 중시해야 하는 것이 전체 탄소 배출을 감소시키기 위해 필수라는 점을 발견하였다. 실증연구 결과를 기반으로, 데이터의 본질부터 시작하여 고정관념을 바꿀 수 있다면 저탄소 지속발전 경제에 좀 더 빨리 도달하게 될 것이다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.614-623
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• 2015

This study aims to estimate the Green-House-Gas emissions from domestic farmed flounder in the southern sea and Jeju-Do, where is mainly produced, by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions from domestic fish farms for establishing reduce standards of greenhouse gas from a sustainable perspective. It needs to analyze such GHG emission components as feed, electricity, fuel, fixed capital, fish respiration, and liquid oxygen in two locations by 4 stage running water type farm size of small, small and medium, large and medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emissions were $36.83kg{\cdot}CO_2/year$ in the southern sea and $24.33kg{\cdot}CO_2/year$ in Jeju-Do, respectively, in the stage of production per fish 1kg at 2 locations and farm size from domestic farmed flounders, and it will give to be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for estimating additional carbon emissions due to freeway incidents. METHODS : As our country grows, our highway policy has mainly neglected the environmental and social sectors. However, with the formation of a national green growth keynote and an increase in the number of people interested in environmental and social issues, problems related to social issues, such as traffic accidents and congestion, and environmental issues, such as the impact of air pollution caused by exhaust gases that are emitted from highway vehicles, are beginning to be discussed. Accordingly, studies have been conducted on a variety of environmental aspects in the field of road transport, and for the quantitative calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, using various methods. However, in order to observe the effects of carbon emissions, microscopic simulations must use many difficult variables such as cost, analysis time, and ease of analysis process. In this study, additional greenhouse gas emissions that occur because of highway traffic accidents were classified by type (incident handling time, number of lanes blocked, freeway level of service), and the annual additional emissions based on incidents were calculated. According to the results, congestion length and emissions tend to increase with an increase in incident clearance time, number of occupied lanes, and worsening level of service. Using this data, we analyzed accident data on the Gyeong-bu Expressway (Yang-Jae IC - Osan IC) for a year. RESULTS : Additional greenhouse gas emissions that occur because of highway traffic accidents were classified by type (incident handling time, number of lanes blocked, freeway level of service) and annual additional emissions caused by accidents were calculated. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, a methodology for estimating carbon emissions due to freeway incidents was developed that incorporates macroscopic flow models. The results of the study are organized in the form of a look-Up table that calculates carbon emissions rather easily.