• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2022

This study investigates the impact of ownership structures and audit quality on carbon emission disclosure. It also examines how audit quality affects the relationship between ownership structures and carbon emission disclosure. This research includes 106 standalone sustainability reports from non-financial companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2015 and 2018. Our findings show that family and concentrated ownerships convey less information about carbon emissions. Our results fail to demonstrate that disclosure of carbon emissions could be a corporation's approach to respond to stakeholder pressure and public visibility and to provide legitimacy for its existence. We also find a positive and significant association between high-quality (Big4) auditors and carbon emission performance. Our further result suggests that Big4 auditors seem to compromise their high standard quality on auditing family and concentrated ownership firms. They fail to influence their family and concentrated ownership clients to be socially responsible. Policymakers should support the existence of Big4 auditors as a driver of carbon emission performance. Top management should be proactive to tackle carbon emission issues by adopting stakeholder-driven mechanisms and establishing legitimacy with society. Nevertheless, the involvement of family and highly concentrated shareholders in decision-making processes and information disclosure should not be encouraged.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2017

Recently, there has been growing interest in the emission characteristics and behavior of anthropogenic mercury compounds from emission sources. It is required to establish a standard for reliable mercury measurement method. Therefore, this study has evaluated the applicability of the new measurement method; Continuous Emission Monitoring (US EPA 30A, CEM). In addition, the reliability evaluation was conducted through Ontario Hydro Method (ASTM D6784, OHM) and Sorbent trap method (US EPA Method 30B). As a monitoring result for three months via CEM from cement kiln, the maximum mercury compounds concentration was about $600{\mu}g/Sm^3$. This is because of the various of raw materials and fuel, and the absence of mercury-control device. The mercury compounds concentrations of OHM, Sorbent trap and CEM were 13.64 $(3.33{\sim}32.41){\mu}g/Sm^3$, $13.94(5.97{\sim}23.44){\mu}g/Sm^3$ and $14.68(6.19{\sim}26.75){\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. The relative standard deviations (% RSD) of the three methods were 5.1~40.9%. The result of this study suggest that it is possible to apply the CEM in the cement kiln when, QA/QC such as calibration is verified.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.457-461
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• 1999

Recently, increasing usage of diesel vehicle, many countries try to reduce the pollutant materials by emission regulation standard. Particularly, in our country, the supplement ratio of diesel vehicle is high, and air pollution by particulate matter(PM) is very serious. So, in theoretical study wer analyzed the formation principle of gaseous emission and PM, the characteristics of CVS-75 mode. In experimental study, we tested exhaust gas reduction of emission and PM, the characteristics of CVS-75 mode. In experimental study, we tested exhaust gas reduction of disel oxidation catalyst(DOC) by CVS-75 mode in light duty diesel vehicle. In case of an automobiletest with the 2,956cc diesel engine which DOC was equipped, CVS-75 mode which is similar to driving conditions on the road was chosen as the restrictive mode of light duty diesel automobile in our country. According to the Pt, the reduction rate of exhaust emission was estimated with using 0.1% high sulfur fuel and 0.05% low sulfur fuel.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.45-63
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• 1995

This paper proposes an algorithm to improve the correlation between giga-hertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell and open area test site (OATS). It is based on the dipole modeling process of an unknown source object in a GTEM cell and on the evaluation of the approximate far field equations correlated with measured GTEM powers at output port of the GTEM cell. In this algorithm, the relative phase differences between dipole moments play an important part in modeling the test object as a set of dipoles and offer stable calculation of emission values. The radiated emission test using this algorithm requires fifteen orientations of equipment under test, but the increased orientations as compared with the previous method have little effect on the time needed for testing. Radiation from a notebook computer has been tested for statistical analysis of the correlation between GTEM data and OATS data. The emission test results of the notebook computer show that the mean, the standard deviation, and the correlation coefficient are -0.62, 1.99, and +0.85, respectively. These figures indicate that this algorithm provides improved accuracy in the measurement of electromagnetic emissions over the previous method.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1993

A multi-cylinder four cycle spark ignition engine equipped with on exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) system to reduce nitric oxide emission and to improve fuel consumption rate has been comprehensively simulated In a computer program including intake and exhaust manifolds. To achieve these goals, this program was tested against experiments performed on a standard production four cylinder four cycle gasoline engine with EGR system. As EGR rate Increased, the maximum temperature of combustion chamber and NO omission concentration decreased under each driving condition. But the emission concentration of CO didn't change much through whole district in spite of the increase of EGR rate. Fuel consumption rate improved under each driving condition according to the increased of EGR rate until 10 percent EGR rate. Therefore the degree of EGR depend not only on the NO emission but also on the economy and the engine performance criteria of the engine.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2001

Si3N4 powder has been analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The sample was dissolved by high-pressure acid digestion with HF, H2SO4 (1+1), and HNO3 mix ture. This technique is well suited for the impurity analysis of Si3N4 because the matrix interference is eliminated. A round-robin samples trace elements, such as Ca, W, Co, Al, Fe, Mg, and Na, were determined. For the direct analysis, slurry nebulization of 0.96 mm Si3N4 powder also has been studied by ICP-AES. Emission intensities of Fe were measured as ICP operational conditions were changed. Significant signal difference between slurry particles and aqueous solution was observed in the present experiment. Analytical results of slurry injection and high-pressure acid digestion were compared. For the use of aqueous standard solution for calibration, k-factor was determined to be 1.71 for further application.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2006

The liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), mixture of propane and butane, has the potential to reduce toxic hydrocarbon emissions and inhibit ozone formation due to its chemical composition. Conventional mixer systems, however, have problems in meeting the future lower emission standards because of the difficulty in controlling air-fuel ratio precisely according to mileage tar accumulation. Liquid Phase LPG injection(LPLi) system has several advantages in more precise fuel metering and higher engine performance than those of the conventional mixer type. On the other hands, leakage problem of LPLi system at the injector tip is a main obstacle for meeting more stringent future emission regulations because these phenomena might cause excessive amount of THC emission during cold and hot restart phase. The main focus of this paper is the development of a leaked fuel recirculation system, which can eliminate the leaked fuel at the intake system with the activated carbon canister. Leaked fuel level was evaluated by using a fast response THC analyzer and gas chromatography. The result shows that THC concentration during cold and hot restart stage decreases by over 60%, and recirculation system is an effective method to meet the SULEV standard of the LPLi engine.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.3079-3084
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• 2008

A fast response $CO_2$ analyzer has been developed for measuring the $CO_2$ concentration during transient condition of SI engine. The analyzer is based on the non-dispersive infrared absorption technique, electrical chopping system and water cooling system. The analyzer has good repeatability, linearity and permissible drift characteristic. Besides, it has 18ms with a response to measure the $CO_2$ concentration. The fast response $CO_2$ analyzer was applied to single cylinder SI engine and the $CO_2$ emission was examined during engine start. Simultaneously, the standard exhaust gas analyzer, which has slow response time, was used for considering the engine-out $CO_2$ characteristic. The developed analyzer showed much faster responsive characteristic than that of a standard analyzer and made cycle by cycle exhaust gas analysis possible. The transient engine operating characteristics will be estimated and the transient behaviors on engine-out emission and performance will be improved.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1571-1574
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• 2003

This paper describes an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometric method for the analysis of Fe in rat plasma. Calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.125-1.50 ${\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. The relative standard deviation ranges from 5.93% to 6.80%, and accuracy was between 87.6 and 102.0%. Dilution with water had no influence on the performance of the method, which could then be used to quantify Fe concentration in plasma up to 0.50 ${\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. The limit of quantification was 0.10 ${\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. At this level, the average relative standard deviation was 6.8%. The results indicate that the method meets the accuracy and precision requirements for the pharmacokinetic studies. The Fe concentration in rat plasma was measured and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Topfit 2.0 (GmbH. Shering AG, Godecke AG, Germany).

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2023

The European Union has instituted a new emission standard protocol that necessitates real-time measurements from vehicles on actual roads. The adequate development of routes for real driving emissions (RDE) mandates substantial resources, encompassing both vehicles and a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). In this study, a simulation tool was utilized to predict the vehicle speed traversing the routes developed for the RDE measurements. Initially, the vehicle powertrain system was modeled for both a gasoline hybrid vehicle and a gasoline engine-only vehicle. Subsequently, the speed profile for the specified vehicle was constructed based on the RDE route developed for the EURO-6 standard. Finally, the predicted vehicle speed profiles for highway and urban routes were assessed utilizing the actual driving data. The driving model predicted more consistency in the vehicle speed at each driving section. Meanwhile, the human driver tended to accelerate further, and then decelerate in each section, instead of cruising at a predicted section speed.