• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2006

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) are characterized by being relatively heavier and denser than that of ambient air due to the various reasons such as higher molecular weight, low temperature and other complicated chemical transformations (Witlox, 1994). In an effort to investigate transport and diffusion from instantaneous emission of heavy gas, Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) coupled with the RAMS output was employed. Both deposition process and buoyancy term were added on the atmospheric diffusion equations of LPDM, and the locations and concentrations of dense gas particle released from instantaneous single point source (emitting initially for 10 minutes only) were analyzed. The result overall shows that adding deposition process and buoyancy terms on the diffusion equation of LPDM has very small but detectable effect on the vertical and horizontal distribution of Lagrangian particles that especially transported for a fairly long traveling time. Also the slumping of dense gas can be found to be ignored horizontally compared to the advection by the horizontal wind suggesting that it was essential to couple the Lagrangian particle dispersion model coupled with the RAMS model in order to explain the dispersion of HAPs more accurately. However, during the initial time of instantaneous emission, buoyancy term play an important role on the vertical locations of dense particles for near surface atmosphere and around source area, indicating the importance of densities of HAPs in the beginning stage or short duration for the risk assessment of HAPs or management of heavy vapors during the explosive accidents.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.866-875
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 CMB(Chemical Mass Balance) 모델을 이용하여 $PM_{2.5}$에 대한 오염원 확인 및 오염원별 기여도를 분석하였다. A시의 배출원별 기여도 순위는 비산먼지(30.1%) > 생물성 연소(21.9%) > 2차 오염물질(21.1%) > 도로이동오염원(19.3%) > 면오염원(7.6%) 순이고, CMB 모델 기여도와 CAPSS(Clean Air Policy Support System) 배출자료 기여도 비교에서 증가한 배출원은 생물성 연소와 2차 오염물질이고, 감소한 배출원은 도로이동오염원, 비산먼지, 면오염원으로 분석되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.15-17
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• 2021

이 논문에서는 정확한 대기오염물질 배출 지정 탐지를 위한 드론 비행 궤도 방법을 제안한다. 공단과 같이 공장이 많은 지역에서 감시가 소홀한 상황에 대기오염물질을 불법 배출하는 사업장들이 존재한다. 기존에는 드론을 이용하여 이러한 지역에서 대기오염물질을 측정하기 위한 연구들이 활발히 진행되었다. 드론을 활용한 측정 방법은 공장의 굴뚝 주변에 멈춰서 오염을 탐지하는 방식을 사용하지만, 기압과 바람 등의 환경 요소에 따라 대기오염물질 탐지가 부정확하다는 문제를 지닌다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 정확한 대기오염물질 배출 지정 탐지를 위한 드론 비행 궤도 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 드론이 굴뚝을 회전하면서 위로 비행하는 스크류 궤도 비행 방법으로, 굴뚝의 전체 면적을 탐지하고 환경요소를 고려해 측정한다. 실험에서 제안 방법이 기존 방법보다 나은 성능을 보였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2011

Since most Green House Gases (GHGs) and air pollutants are generated from the same sources, it will be cost-effective to develop a GHGs reduction plan in combination with simultaneous removal of air pollutants. However, effects on air pollutants reduction according to implementing any GHG abatement plans have been rarely studied. Reflecting simultaneous removal of air pollutants along with the GHGs emission reduction, this study investigated relative cost effectiveness among GHGs reduction action plans in Busan Metropolitan City. We employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a methodology that evaluates relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) producing multiple outputs with multiple inputs, for the investigation. Assigning each GHGs reduction action plan to a DMU, implementation cost of each GHGs reduction action plan to an input, and reduction potential of GHGs and air pollutants by each GHGs reduction action plan to an output, we calculated efficiency scores for each GHGs reduction action plan. When the simultaneous removal of air pollutants with the GHGs reduction were considered, green house supply-insulation improvement and intelligent transportation system (ITS) projects had high efficiency scores for cost-positive action plans. For cost-negative action plans, green start network formation and running, and daily car use control program had high efficiency scores. When only the GHGs reduction was considered, project priority orders based on efficiency scores were somewhat different from those when both the removal of air pollutants and GHGs reduction were considered at the same time. The expected action plan priority difference is attributed to great difference of air pollutants reduction potential according to types of energy sources to be reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 연료형 목재제품 중 국내 유통되고 있는 3종의 성형탄(숯가루 성형탄, 톱밥성형탄, 구멍탄착화용 성형탄)을 선정하여 연소특성, 유해물질 함량, 연소 시 발생되는 대기오염물질 배출 특성에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 연소시 숯가루 성형탄이 톱밥성형탄보다 더 높은 일산화탄소를 발생시켰으며, 성형목탄의 연소 시 발생하는 대기오염물질 배출량을 대기환경보전법 배출허용기준과 비교 시 전체 제품의 질소·황산화물 배출 기준에 미치지 못하였다. 2019년 기준 배출 허용기준으로 일산화탄소 200 ppm, 질소 산화물 150 ppm, 황산화물 100 ppm이며, 이산화탄소 배출 기준은 변경되지 않았다. 본 연구에 의해 생성된 연소가스 분석을 기초 자료로 성형목탄의 연소 시 생성되는 대기오염물질의 배출 계산을 위한 표준에 대한 연구 및 성형목탄의 불완전 연소에 의해 생성되는 일산화탄소 저감에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.397-412
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• 1996

This study aims to present the fundamental strategies to improve the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in apartment buildings. To investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants such as radon, formaldehyde, and VOCs, both the document survey and the field measurement were conducted. In addition, to identify the source of the air pollutants, the laboratory experiment was carried out for various building materials. Finally, the minimum period to be reserved befor3e building occupation to ensure healthy IAQ, which largely depends on the ventilation rates, was simulated using a simple compuer program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. In case of newly-constructed apartment houses, concentrations of formaldehyde, VOCs and radon were found to exceed the standard. Meanwhile, at existing apartment houses, concentrations of VOCs, particularly toluene and xylene, highly exceeded the standasrd level. Concentrations of formaldehyde and radon, however, had been lowered according to the duration of occupation. 2. The laboratory experiment of concentration of pollutants per square meter of building material surface area showed that radon gas was much emitted from the gypsumboard; formaldehyde from flooring and wallpaper; and VOCs from paints and kitchen furnishings. The emission rates of formaldehyde and VOCs were proportional to air temperature. 3. According to the simulation of the minimum period to be reserved before occupation, newly-constructed airtight houses required about 190-200 days, and naturally ventialted houses with fully-open-windows required about 20-45days, in order to keep the level of radon gas lower than standard. Therefore, with the current practice, the date of occupation should be delayed for about 15 days.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.616-625
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• 2019

건강영향평가는 개발사업 시행에 따른 사람의 건강에 미치는 영향을 예측하여 건강피해를 최소화하기 위한 목적으로 환경영향평가 내에서 시행되고 있다. 하지만 건강영향평가 시 유해대기오염물질 배출량 산정방법에 대한 일관성 부족으로 건강영향평가 매뉴얼 개선이 필요하나, 아직 개정은 되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 실제 산업단지 개발 사례 및 기 수행된 건강영향평가를 중심으로 유해대기오염물질 배출량 산정 시 매뉴얼에 제시된 원단위 산정 방법을 다르게 적용한 4가지 사례를 선정하여 각각 배출량을 산정하였다. 각 산정된 배출량을 토대로 CALPUFF 모델을 이용한 확산농도 예측 후, 노출농도를 기준으로 위해성 평가를 시행하였다. 위해성 평가 결과, 배출량 산정 방법별 위해도 수준의 차이가 비교적 크게 나타남에 따라, 배출량 산정시 원단위 적용에 대한 매뉴얼 개선이 필요한 것으로 검토되었다. 또한 배출량 산정 시 근거자료 활용에 대한 일관성, 건강영향평가에 최적화된 배출계수 개발, 현황 조사에 대한 신뢰성 향상이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

The air pollutants from vehicle exhaust gas are affected by many factors including fuel qualities, engine and vehicle technologies, driving patterns. In particular, fuel qualities and after-treatment devices could directly affect the emission level of pollutants. The pollutant reduction characteristics that caused by enforced fuel quality standard were analyzed. Three types of test fuel were selected in accordance with Korean automotive fuel standard in 2006, 2009, 2012 and used for vehicle emission test in chassis dynamometer. European COPERT correction equation of fuel impact was considered as reference information to quantify the vehicle emission test results. The contribution rates of exhaust emission by COPERT correction equation showed that aromatic compounds and oxygen contents in gasoline fuel was most important. In case of diesel fuel, cetane index and polycyclic aromatic compounds accounted for the greater part. The exhaust emission effects by COPERT correction equation revealed that CO and VOC was increased 0.86%, 1.57% respectively in after 2009 gasoline when compared to before 2009 gasoline fuel. In case of light-duty diesel vehicle CO, VOC and PM were decreased in range of 3~7%. The result from this study could be provided for developing future fuel standards and be used to fundamental information for Korean clean air act.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2019

The cap-and-trade system against the air pollutants in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), Korea has been implemented since 2008 and will be implemented other areas in Korea on 2020. In this study, to identify the outcome and effectiveness of the cap-and-trade system in the SMA, (1) the rate of change for NOx and SOx emissions, (2) differences between the real emission and allocated amount, and (3) the status of trading are reviewed. It was found that the NOx and SOx emissions from the sources under the cap-and-trade system decreased in the SMA but the reduction was mainly due to the reduction of fuel usage not related to the system. It was found that the average percentage of annual emission in the SMA to the allocated amount between 2008 and 2018 was 66.9% for NOx and 69.3% for SOx, respectively. It suggests that there was over allocation of the emission amounts. The average trading prices in the SMA were 0.193 $/kg for NOx and 0.128 $/kg for SOx, far lower than those in RECLAIM, 131.942 $/kg and 81.677 $/kg, respectively. It was suggested that (1) the cap system for NOx and SOx emissions should be implemented only for the area with high emission ratio from large point sources, (2) the trade system is not suitable for the effective implementation of the cap system, and (3) Korean government should not allow over allocation in order to ensure sound market function without delaying the introduction of technology.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to measure and evaluate the concentration, size distribution and fugitive emission of particulate matter from process operations at foundries. Methods: Particle matter was collected from three foundries, and samples were also collected from a background site for calculating the fugitive emission concentration of the foundries. For the collection of the samples, a Nanosampler cascade impactor was used. Results: The concentration of TSP in the samples collected from the three foundries was $0.675{\sim}1.222mg/m^3$, $PM_{10}$ was $0.525{\sim}1.018mg/m^3$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was $0.192{\sim}0.615mg/m^3$. The mass size distribution was bimodal or monomodal with maximum peak at two stage(size $2.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$). The mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD) was $1.80{\sim}3.98{\mu}m$. The fugitive emission concentration of TSP varies in the range of 0.65 to $1.21mg/m^3$, which exceeds the emission standard of fugitive dust($0.5mg/m^3$). Conclusions: Particle concentration and size is an important industrial hygiene factor to protect foundry workers. Furthermore, the presence of high emission of particulate pollutants has a significant negative impact on the ambient air of the study area. Therefore, it is important to improve both the process and prevention facility in oder to reduce particulate pollutants in foundries.