• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.67
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• pp.236-243
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• 2018

A series of $Er^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ co-doped fluorophosphate glasses with varying $YbF_3$ concentration were prepared by a high temperature melt quenching technique. Absorption and emission cross-sections were determined by using the McCumber theory. The larger emission cross-section ($9.86{\times}10^{-21}cm^2$) and longer fluorescence lifetime (12.37 ms) were obtained for the $^4I_{13/2}{\rightarrow}^4I_{15/2}$ transition of ABS3Er4Yb glass. The sensitivity and temperature of the maximum sensitivity were evaluated by the fluorescence intensity ratio method from the measured upconversion spectra. The results were discussed and compared to the other reported glasses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.989-998
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• 2010

The titled dye of DBPI gives amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with maximum at 580 nm upon pumping by nitrogen laser (${\lambda}_{ex}\;=\;337.1\;nm$). The ground state absorption cross section (${\sigma}_A$) and emission cross section (${\sigma}_E$) as well as effective emission cross section(${\sigma}^*_E$) have been determined. The electronic absorption spectra of DBPI were measured in ethanol and tetrahydrofuran at room and low temperature. DBPI displays molecular aggregation in water. The photochemical reactivity of DBPI was also studied in carbon tetrachloride upon irradiation with 525 nm light. The electrochemical investigation of DBPI dye has been carried out using cyclic voltammetry and convolution deconvolution voltammetry combined with digital simulation technique at a platinum electrode in 0.1 mol/L tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate (TBAP) in two different solvents acetonitrile ($CH_3CN$) and dimethylformamide (DMF). The species were reduced via consumption of two sequential electrons to form radical anion and dianion (EE mechanism). In switching the potential to positive direction, the compound was oxidized by loss of two sequential electrons, which were followed by a fast dimerization and/or aggregation process i.e $EC_{dim1}EC_{dim2}$ mechanism. The electrode reaction pathway and the chemical and electrochemical parameters of the investigated compound were determined using cyclic and convolutive voltammetry. The extracted electrochemical parameters were verified and confirmed via digital simulation method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 1999

The structure of a non-axisymmetric propane diffusion flame was investigated. Tomographic reconstruction method to convert the line-integrated self-emission data of a fuel-rich diffusion flame with square cross-section was applied to get the spatially reconstructed emission data. Modified Shepp-Logan filter and concentric squares raster were chosen for reconstructing arbitrarily shaped object in this process. Spatially reconstructed emission data were then interpreted to several physical quantities, such as flame edge, FWHM, perimeter and 3-D flame temperature distribution. Necessary assumptions were discussed and the results were interpreted. In comparison with axisymmetric flame, flame edge was developed higher, and sooting region of upstream was broader than in this non-axisymmetric one. At some height, the flame was shrunk very rapidly and finally formed circular cross-section.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.905-908
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• 2011

We report fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the CHBr molecule generated via pyrolysis of $CH_3Br$ in a molecular beam experiment. The 193 nm attenuation cross sections were estimated from the reduction of the CHBr signal as a function of the excimer laser fluence. The derived 193 nm absorption cross section for CHBr [$(3.24{\pm}0.59){\times}10^{-17}\;cm^2$] is slightly higher than the absorption cross section previously determined for CHCl [$(2.6{\pm}0.8){\times}10^{-17}\;cm^2$], but the difference is within the estimated uncertainties in the measured cross section.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.571-595
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• 2010

This research applies an panel data stationarity and stochastic convergence test developed by Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005), which has the advantage of considering multiple structural breaks and the presence of cross-section dependence in order to investigate the hypothesis that relative emission $CO_2$ per capita stochastically converge for 11 Asian countries from 1971~2007. We find that relative emission $CO_2$ per capita is stationary after the structural breaks and cross-section dependence are introduced into the model. We also investigate whether Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis exists in 11 Asian countries. For EKC test, using the panel cointegration tests of Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton(2007), we find that relative emission $CO_2$ per capita and relative GDP per capita are cointegrated. However EKC hypothesis in 11 Asian countries is not supported.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1609-1611
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• 2001

A large cross-section pulsed electron beam generator of cold cathode type has been developed for industrial applications, for example, waste water cleaning, flue gas cleaning, and pasteurization etc. The operational principle is based on the emission of secondary electrons from cold cathode when ions in the plasma hit the cathode, which are accelerated toward exit window by the gradient of an electric potential. The conventional electron beam generators need an electron scanning beam because the small cross section thermal electron emitter is used. The electron beam of large cross-section pulsed electron beam generator do not need to be scanned over target material because the beam cross section is large by 300$cm^2$. We have fabricated the large cross-sectional pulsed electron beam generator with the peak energy of 200keV and beam diameter of 200mm and obtained the large area electron beam in the air. The electron beam current has been investigated as a function of accelerating voltage, glow discharge current, helium pressure, distance from the exit window and radial distribution in front of the exit window.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

Combustion behavior of pulverized coal particles in a post-combustion gas reactor was investigated. Radiation emission from coal particles were analyzed by direct photograph and $CH^*$ radical chemiluminescence intensity. Coal particles were sampled during the combustion and were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cross section micrograpy technique. Two coal types(one bituminous and one subbituminous coals typically used in the Korean power plants) were tested at typical combustion environment. Gas flow conditions were controlled to represent temperature and oxygen concentration. Experimental data were discussed along with conceptual descriptions of pulverized coal combustion, where particle heat-up, release and combustion of volatiles, and char combustion were sequentially progressed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.11
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• pp.5.3-6
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• 1986

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2015

Government efforts for green growth policy initiatives demand low-carbon technologies in the road construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to develop an algorithm of a road alignment design solution for establishing the multi-dimensional information, and to calculate carbon emission quantity due to the geometric design elements in the planning phase of road alignment. The paper developed a calculation method for carbon emission quantity by drawing a speed profile reflected in the operating speed, acceleration and deceleration, which are majors factor of carbon emissions while driving and by applying a carbon emission factor. From this effort, it enabled alignment planning to reduce carbon emission. Object-based parametric design methods of the cross-sections were proposed for alignment planning, and the paper demonstrated a BIM-based road alignment planning solution. The proposed solutions can provide multi-dimensional information on carbon emission quantity and cross section elements through driving simulation. It is expected to allow construction of eco-friendly roads by deriving optimal road alignment to minimize environmental costs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1444-1450
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• 2019

The fast-neutron shielding behaviour (FNSB) of two clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin)of Southwestern Nigeria ($7.49^{\circ}N$, $4.55^{\circ}E$) have been investigated using effective removal cross section, ${\Sigma}_R(cm^{-1})$, mass removal cross section, ${\Sigma}_{R/{\rho}}(cm^2g^{-1})$ and Mean free path, ${\lambda}$ (cm). These parameters decide neutron shielding behaviour of any material. A computer program - WinNC-Toolkit has been used for computation of these parameters. The toolkit evaluates these parameters by using elemental compositions and densities of samples. The proficiency of WinNC-Toolkit code was probe by using MCNPX and GEANT4 to model fast neutron transmission of the samples under narrow beam geometry, intending to represent the actual experimental setup. Direct calculation of effective removal cross section ($cm^{-1}$) of the samples was also carried out. The results from each of the methods for each types of the studied clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin) shows similar trend. The trend might be the fingerprint of water content retained in each of the samples being baked at different temperature. The compositions of each sample have been obtained by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique (Tandem Pelletron Accelerator: 1.7 MV, Model 5SDH). The FNSB of the selected clay-materials have been compared with standard concrete. The cognizance of various factors such as availability, thermo-chemical stability and water retaining ability by the clay-samples can be analyzed for efficacy of the material for their FNSB.