• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.231.1-231.1
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• 2015

Surface energy, being an important material parameter to control its interactions with the other surfaces plays a key role in bio-related application. Carbon films are found very promising due to their characteristics such as wear and corrosion resistant, high hardness, inert, low resistivity and biocompatibility. The present work deals with the deposition of carbon films using unbalanced facing target magnetron sputtering technique. The discharge characteristics were studied using optical emission spectroscopy and correlated with the film properties. Surface energy was investigated through contact angle measurement. The ID/IG ratio as calculated from Raman spectroscopy data increases with the increase in power density due to the higher number of sp2 clusters embedded in the amorphous matrix. The deposited films were smooth and homogeneous as observed by Atomic force microscopy having RMS roughness in the range of 1.74 to 2.25 nm. It is observed that electrical resistivity and surface energy varies in direct proportionality with operating pressure and has inverse relation with power density. The surface energy results clearly exhibited that these films can have promising applications in cell cultivation.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

현대 정보 사회에서 정보격차라는 장벽이 존재한다. 이러한 장벽 때문에 장애인들은 세상과 소통하는 데 어려움이 있다. 최근 스마트 기술의 발달에 따라 스마트 기기는 장애인들에게 필수품이 되어가고 있다. 현재 장애인들의 스마트 애플리케이션 접근성 향상은 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 장애인의 스마트접근성 향상을 위한 가이드라인을 개발하는 것이다. 이 가이드라인은 기존의 모마일 접근성 가이드라인에 기초를 두고 개발하였다. 가이드라인은 다음과 같다. 즉, 스마트기기에서 청색 최소화, 입력창에 자동 포커스 제공, 행위 추적, 폰트 칼라 변경 가능, 모션에 의한 응급상황 공지, 제스처 인식, 컨트롤 위치, 스크롤링 금지, 시각경고메시지의 음성화 서비스, 아이콘에 대한 텍스트레벨 부착 등을 포함한다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.603-614
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 CQPSK(Compatible QPSK) 변조 방식을 이용하여 APCO P25 규격을 만족하는 직접 변환 방식 디지털 초협대역 무전기를 구현하였다. 초협대역화에 따른 DC-offset 및 AC-coupling 영향, CQPSK 변조 방식에 대한 전력 증폭기의 비선형 특성을 최소화하기 위한 무전기 RF 트랜시버 설계 및 제작 방안을 제시하였다. 직접 변환 방식 RE 트랜시버 및 DSP 모듈과의 연동 시험 결과 송신기의 경우 36.8 dBm의 PEP에서 FCC 방사 마스크 규격을 만족하였다. PWM 제어 신호에 의한 수신기 AGC 동작 범위는 40 dB 범위에서 선형적으로 동작 하였고, 수신 감도 레벨(-116 dBm)에서도 양호한 음성 통화가 가능하였다. 또한 입력 SNR에 따른 BER 성능 및 주파수 오프셋 변화에 대한 BER 성능 측정 결과 무전기 성능 요구 규격을 만족함을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

Ethanol was used as reductant to remove $NO_x$ over Ag/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst via SCR from stationary emission source. Among the tested hydrocarbon reductants, ethanol showed highest de-$NO_x$ performance over the Ag/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. De-$NO_x$ efficiency of about 83% was obtained in the condition of GHSV 20,000 $hr^{-1}$, $NO_x$ 200 ppm, CO 200 ppm, $O_2$ 13%, $H_2O$ 5% and mole ratio of ethanol/$NO_x$ = 2 between temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$. While $SO_2$ presence in the $NO_x$ exhaust suppressed the catalytic activity, catalyst with acid (0.7% $H_2SO_4$) treatment of catalyst showed higher catalytic activity, where In-Situ DRIFT showed S presence over catalyst surface was increased after acid treatment of catalyst. From in-situ DRIFT and SCR results, it was concluded that sulfur presence over the surface of Ag/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst was the dominant factor to control the de-$NO_x$ reaction yield via HC-SCR from the exhausted gas including $SO_2$.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.487-492
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• 2010

For developing a two-stroke free-piston hydrogen engine with high efficiency and low emission, determination of the scavenging type is one of the most important factor. In this research, backfire characteristics for loop scavenging were analyzed with the number of piston crevice volume and piston expansion speed. Rapid Compression Expansion Machine, RCEM was used for combustion research of the free piston $H_2$ engine in the experiment. As the results, it was shown that although backfire occurring in a loop scavenging type can be partially controled by a complete exhaust of burned gas, possibility of backfire basically exist due to the structure which piston crevice volumes contact with fresh mixture in a scavenging port. However, a loop scavenging may be considered as combustion chamber of a free piston $H_2$ engine from the point of view that backfire does not occur nearby lean equivalence ratio obtained high thermal efficiency. It was also analyzed that an advances of backfire occurrence timing with increase of the fuel-air equivalence ratio were due to promotion of flame propagation into piston crevice volumes by decrease of the quenching distance.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권1D호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

대통령자문 국가경쟁력강화위원회와 경찰은 교통운영체계선진화방안을 통하여 신호교차로에서의 효율적인 운영을 도모하고 있다. 신호교차로의 효율적인 운영으로 정체상황이 개선되는 경우 배기가스 및 탄소배출 감소가 기대되나 지금까지 온실가스 저감효과에 대한 관심이 도로교통 운영부문에서 소외되어 교통운영체계선진화로 인한 탄소배출량 감소 효과가 공학적으로 검토된 바 없다. 본 연구는 교통운영체계선진화방안으로 추진되는 전체 19개 사업수행 항목 중 경찰이 주관하여 추진하는 운영항목으로부터 기대되는 탄소배출량 분석방법 및 연(年) 단위 전국 탄소배출량 저감효과를 제시한다. 분석결과 2010년을 기준으로 우리나라 전체 도로교통 부문에서 탄소배출량을 기준으로 보행자작동신호운영 도입으로 12.31% 감축, 점멸신호운영 도입으로 3.27% 감축, 신호연동 도입으로 2.44% 감축, 직진우선 도입으로 0.97% 감축, 비보호좌회전 도입으로 0.81% 감축, 좌회전감응 도입으로 0.72% 감축 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.971-977
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• 2012

고압 인젝터의 성능은 디젤 연소엔진의 동력, 배출물, 연료소모와 직접적인 관계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 솔레노이드 코일과 피에조 세라믹으로 구동되는 커먼레일 디젤 분사용 인젝터의 응답 특성을 AMESim 코드를 사용하여 상대 비교 연구를 수행하였다. 따라서 연료압력, 분공경을 주요 해석변수로 설정하였다. 본 연구를 수행한 결과, 솔레노이드 구동 인젝터에 비해 피에조 구동 인젝터가 상대적으로 더 빠른 응답성과 더 높은 제어성을 가짐을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 다단분사 적용시, 이런 결과가 매우 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1993

Most developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization and the associated growth of industry and services. Cities are currently absorbing two-thirds of the total population in the developing world. Korea has about 85 percent of urban dwellers. World population will shift from being predominantly rural to predominantly urban around the turn of the century. Although cities play a key role in development process and make more than a proportionate contribution to national economic growth, especially cities are also the main catalysts of economic growth in developing countries, they can also be unhealthy, inefficient, and inequitable places to live. Most developing countries are increasingly unable to provide basic environmental infrastructure and services, whether in the megacities or in secondary urban centers. Of particular concern is the strain on natural resources brought by the increasing number of people, cars, and factories. They are generating ever greater amounts of urban wastes and emissions. They also exceed the capacity of regulatory authorities to control them and of nature to assimilate them. The environmental consequences are translated into direct negative impacts on human health, the quality of life, the productivity of the city, and the surrounding ecosystems. Environmental degradation threatens the long tenn availability and quality of natural resources critical to economic growth. Cities, with their higher and growing per capita energy use for domestic, industrial, and transport purpose also contribute a disproportionate share of the emission leading to global warming and acid rain. An important priority is to develop strategic approaches for managing the urban environment. The design of appropriate and lasting strategic responses requires first an understanding of the underlying causes of urban environmental deterioration, it is necessary that longer tenn objectives should be set for urban area to avoid irreversible ecological damage and to ensure lasting economic development. As a means to the preventive policies against the adverse effect, environmental impact assessment (EIA) serve to identify a project's possible environmental consequences early enough to allow their being taken into consideration in the decision making process for urban planning. This paper describes some considerations of EIA for urban planning-scoping, assessment process, measurement and prediction of impacts, pollution controls and supervision, and system planning for environmental preservation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

As the environmental regulation of vehicle emission is strengthened, investigations for $NO_x$ and PM reduction strategies are popularly conducted. Two current available technologies for continuous $NO_x$ reduction onboard diesel vehicles are Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) using aqueous urea and lean $NO_x$ trap (LNT) catalysts. The experiments were conducted to investigate the $NO_x$ reduction performance of SCR system which can control the ratio of $NO/NO_2$, temperature and SV(space velocity), and the model gas was used which is similar to a diesel exhaust gas. The maximum reduction efficiency is indicated when the $NO:NO_2$ ratio is 1:1 and the SV is 30,000 $h^{-1}$ in $300^{\circ}C$. Generally, ammonia slip from SCR reactors are rooted to incomplete conversion of $NH_3$ over the SCR. In this research, slip was occurred in 6cases (except low SV and $NO:NO_2$ ratio is 1:1) after SCR. Among 6 case of slip occurrence, the maximum conversion efficiency is observed when SV is 60,000 $h^{-1}$ in $400^{\circ}C$.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2014

It is very important to investigate air pollutants emissions emitted from open burning in order to control nonpoint sources effectively. In this study, we utilized incineration simulator proposed by U.S EPA and investigated emissions of CO, OC/EC, from household waste and biomass burning to estimate pollutant emissions by illegal incineration of biomass wastes. Emission factor of OC was estimated as 17.1 g/kg for rice strew, 23.5 g/kg for barley, 10.3 g/kg for corn stover, 4.3 g/kg for unseasoned wood, respectively. In case of EC, it was calculated as 1.6 g/kg for rice strew, 4.3 g/kg for barley, 1.4 g/kg for corn stover, 0.6 g/kg for unseasoned wood, respectively. Most of the pollutants emissions were emitted at the stage 1 and 2. In the stage 3, the pollutants concentration decreased gradually. To estimate emissions and build inventory for biomass burning, we need to know accurate activity data. We, therefore, used activity data of both survey results of previous study and statistical data of National Statistical Office. However, we need to perform additional experiments in the future to obtain more accurate activity data for various cases.