• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2000

The collapse shapes and causes of tunnel in the highway were analyzed and reinforced methods of tunnel were investigated in the paper. Collapse shapes of tunnel are divided into three types such as subsurface failure, small scale wedge failure and slickenside strata failure. These three shapes consist of 35%, 50%, and 15%, respectively. The 85% of collapse was located near the entrance and exit of tunnel. The 15% was located at the intersection of emergency laybys. When tunnel collapses are analyzed by the failure concept, sliding failure amounts to more than 83%.