• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to analyze the smoke movement for the case of fire and to determine the interval between emergency exits in long tunnels. Based on Froude modeling, the 1/50 scaled model tunnel (20 m long) was constructed by acrylic tubes and tests were carried out systematically. From the strong relationship between CO propagation time and distance through the tunnel, it was found that the optimal escaping time was 6 minutes in case of 20MW fire. But, regarding passengers' psychological state under fire, another one minute of delay time should be considered. Therefore, the total escaping time should be estimated by 5 minutes. The interval between the emergency exits for vehicle passengers was calculated by 250 m with respect to the 5 minute of escaping time.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2024

According to the actual situation of a university, the emergency evacuation simulation is modeled based on the physical sign, evacuation speed and personnel ratio using the pathfinder software.The experimental construction export utilization rate is compared with the preliminary simulation scenario. The simulation results show that the utilization rate of evacuation stairs and evacuation exits is significantly improved.The optimized solution can provide the most effective evacuation passage, and the research results can provide the basis for the rational planning and management of evacuation passage in university experiment building.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to present an alternative plan in order to reduce the required time to flee from the inside of the gosiwon in danger. The data were derived from changing the width of corridors and emergency exits and the number of stairs in the building EXODUS, which is computer simulation program, The analyzed conclusions from the data are following as below (1) Increasing the exits and the number of stairs are efficient to reduce the accumulated time for standing by. (2) Increasing the number of stairs is efficient to decrease the distance to get out of the building to exit. (3) Increasing the number of stairs is efficient to reduce the time to get out of the building to exit.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.75-89
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to understand the physical accessibility of the child care centers for disabled children in Japan. Fifteen centers located in Tokyo, Japan were surveyed through sketching, measuring, taking pictures, and observation. To understand the user's needs. the directors of the centers were interviewed. As a result,the followings suggestions were proposed. First, when the entrance of the center is close to the road, careful design for the entrance area is required to secure the safety of children using wheelchairs. If possible, a fence or door between the corridor and entrance is necessary. Second, most aspects of accessibility are pretty well designed. But a canopy over the entrance area is required to escape the rain. Third, a wider corridor space is desirable for storing and driving wheelchairs and for special equipment for the disabled. Forth, because the emergency exits were installed but not used, the new and safer emergency exits should be installed. These results will be a good case reference for developing Korean design guidelines for the children with disabilities.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.337-349
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• 2007

Yearly, it seems the fact that the numbers of tunnels with wide sections are on the rise as the length of tunnel and number of lanes continues increasing. According to these trends, well-schemed plans of design, construction and management related with tunnel safety has become to be crucial. It is a high possibility to be observed by the fact that the direct effects of casualties and property damages are caused by the situations of car collisions, bump to solid structures by careless driving and the outbreak on vehicles by mechanical fault. Therefore, in order to prevent these types of accidents, we would make issues md adopt appropriate mechanical and management plans of emergency exits and disaster prevention equipments inside of tunnel, based on up-to dated experiences and study of foreign cases, to structural design technology. The objectives of this study are to recognize related actual problems and suggest improvement plans.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

The rate of fire in buildings is gradually increasing in these days and the damage of property are severely increasing. This study suggests a methodology that provides information of the emergency exits based on indoor location services. The methodology uses determination technology and the latest update of indoor map generation via the built-in sensors of smartphone. This paper enhances the accuracy of indoor localization, and also it is to study how to provide exact indoor layout for rescuing the workers in emergency, such as fires and natural disasters.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

Recently great loss of life and property is occurring because of fire, natural disaster, earth quake, tsunami and so on. People spend 80~90% of their time indoor environment like office, supermarket, campus. Therefore Indoor navigation and guidelines system became so essential for most of all. Incase of emergency we must be careful earlier, in such a cases 5G kind of new technology may also cannot work. So immediate action and quick routing notification for guidelines and protection is the most. Considering this issue We proposed indoor evacuating guidance system based on microcontroller Wi-Fi board for Indoor APP using mobile. Focusing various kind of technology like, ok google, voice search APP we purposed node architecture based system. When we listen fire alarm while living inside the room. Then to be safe we connect with server and start Arduino UNO+IoT ESP8266 Wi-Fi shield version1-IoT module to store data in MySQL DB server. We make application to escape out from the building up-to the three exits giving information from source point to destination. Our program can send information to the users emergency location and situations. For this when the user get sound or vibration in their mobile device it indicate fire out near by. At that time we update message from Arduino to DB server for the fixed current position inside the building which give routing signal for that fire out location by changing values from 0 to 1. We have user in point 10 where user is near by. Later we detect Wi-Fi signal form Nodemcu as room of each floor and try to connect with user. Main purpose of this paper is to save life of people in short time and find out the shortest path up to nearest exits in the time of emergencies and rescue them.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.569-574
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• 2018

This paper proposes and implements a LoRa-based emergency exit guide system which can direct the optimal refuge path accounting for the real state of the fires. Each 4-way emergency exit guide sign presents a right direction through one of four LED signs toward the possible exit dynamically calculated by the shortest path algorithm. We constructed a simulation environment with 8 spots of the emergency exit guide signs and 2 exits, which can simulate variant cases of fire accidents, and showed that the proposed algorithm can presents the right guidance for each emergency exit guide sign. We also evaluated the performances of LoRa-based wireless communications using a self developed communication module in the various indoor and outdoor environments. The proposed system can be applied to small and medium sized buildings as well as larger ones in terms of cost efficiency, in which there's no needs to invest for the complex equipments except only sensors and emergency exit guide signs.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.281-296
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• 2015

This paper describes a novel disaster evacuation system using embedded systems such as smart devices for crisis and emergency management. In indoor environments deployed with the Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) beacons, smart devices detect their indoor positions from beacon messages and interact with Map Server(MS) and Route Server(RS) in the Internet over the LTE and/or Wi-Fi functions. The MS and RS generate an optimal path to the nearest emergency exit based on a novel graph generation method for less route computation, called the Disaster Evacuation Graph(DEG), for each smart device. The DEG also enables efficient processing of some constraints in the computation of route, such as load balancing in situation of different capacities of paths or exits. All data interfaces among three system components, the MS, RS, smart devices, have been defined for modular implementation of our disaster evacuation system. Our experimental system has been deployed and tested in our building thoroughly and gives a good evidence that the modular design of the system and a novel approach to compute emergency route based on the DEG is competitive and viable.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2017

Emergencies and disasters can happen any time without any warning, and things can change and escalate very quickly, and often it is swift and decisive actions that make all the difference. It is a responsibility of the building facility management to ensure that a proven evacuation plan in place to cover various worst scenario to handled automatically inside the facility. To mapping out optimal safe escape routes is a straightforward undertaking, but does not necessarily guarantee residents the highest level of protection. The emergency evacuation navigation approach is a state-of-the-art that designed to evacuate human livings during an emergencies based on real-time decisions using live sensory data with pre-defined optimum path finding algorithm. The poor decision on causalities and guidance may apparently end the evacuation process and cannot then be remedied. This paper propose a cloud connected emergency evacuation system model to react dynamically to changes in the environment in emergency for safest emergency evacuation using IoT based emergency exit sign system. In the previous researches shows that the performance of optimal routing algorithms for evacuation purposes are more sensitive to the initial distribution of evacuees, the occupancy levels, and the type and level of emergency situations. The heuristic-based evacuees routing algorithms have a problem with the choice of certain parameters which causes evacuation process in real-time. Therefore, this paper proposes an evacuee routing algorithm that optimizes evacuation by making using high computational power of cloud servers. The proposed algorithm is evaluated via a cloud-based simulator with different "simulated casualties" are then re-routed using a Dijkstra's algorithm to obtain new safe emergency evacuation paths against guiding evacuees with a predetermined routing algorithm for them to emergency exits. The performance of proposed approach can be iterated as long as corrective action is still possible and give safe evacuation paths and dynamically configure the emergency exit signs to react for real-time instantaneous safe evacuation guidance.