• 보존과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2013

2011년 창덕궁의 대조전에서 내부 수리 공사 도중 훼손된 적의본이 발견되었다. 적의본에 채색되어 있는 7가지 채색 안료에 대해 P-XRF와 Micro-XRD를 이용하여 과학적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 연단과 군청, 코니칼사이트 또는 화록청, 바륨화이트의 혼합 안료, 석황, 연백 등이 사용된 것으로 추정된다. 또한 중앙박물관 소장 적의본과 폐슬본과의 성분 안료를 비교 검토한 결과, 중앙박물관 소장 적의본과 폐슬본은 창덕궁 대조전에서 검출된 연단 이외에도 적색에서 진사나 유기안료가 사용되었으며, 녹색과 황색 등에서는 창덕궁 대조전 적의본과 같은 안료 성분이 검출되었다. 또한 1920년대에 녹색 안료로 화록청과 같은 서양의 합성안료가 우리나라에서도 사용되기 시작한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 20C에 궁궐에서 사용된 안료의 성분에 대한 과학적 연구결과로 향후 동시대 회화안료의 비교 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.351-367
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• 2020

신구법천문도 3점(국립민속박물관 소장 『천문도(병)』, 『신구법천문도 8폭 병풍』, 일본 국회도서관 소장 『황도남북양총성도』)에 대한 채색 안료 분석 및 이를 통한 제작시기를 추정하였다. 『천문도(병)』에서는 조선에서 널리 사용되어오던 석청(남동광), 청화(쪽), 석록(공작석), 하엽(아타카마이트), 주, 석간주(산화철), 연지(코치닐), 등황, 석자황, 연분, 활석 등과 같은 전통적인 유·무기질 안료들이 사용되었다. 『신구법천문도 8폭 병풍』와 『황도남북양총성도』에서는 19세기 중엽 이후 유럽에서 유입된 합성 무기안료인 양록(에메랄드 그린)과 양청(울트라마린 블루)가 사용되었다. 『신구법천문도 8폭 병풍』에서는 녹색과 청색에 합성 무기안료만 사용되었지만, 『황도남북양총성도』에서는 전통적으로 사용되어온 하엽과 청화도 함께 사용되었다. 신구법천문도의 성도와 도설 연구와 연계하여 안료 분석결과로부터 추정한 제작시기는, 조선시대 전통안료만으로 채색된 『천문도(병)』 18세기 중엽 이후로 추정되며, 『황도남북양총성도』와 『신구법천문도 8폭 병풍』은 19세기 중엽 서양의 녹색과 청색 안료가 도입된 후 제작되었다. 그리고 전통안료와 서양의 합성안료가 함께 사용된 『황도남북양총성도』가 『신구법천문도 8폭 병풍』 보다 제작시기가 빠른 것으로 추정된다.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.43-75
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• 2011

The article focuses on the impact and Acceptance of Hindu culture in Modern Southeast Asian Buddhism. The purpose of this study is to examine critically the influential epic Ramayana on Siam culture, Thai Ramayana version 'Ramakien', reveal instances of Buddhist Modification. The Ramayana by the great sage Valmiki is considered by Indians to be the first great literary work to be produced in India. The influence of this work is to be seen not only through centuries but even in other countries, such as Thailand where there are modified modern versions. In this paper, I have three objectives : (1) I may discuss the epic Ramayana of India gave birth to the Ramakien of Thailand. In modern times Valmiki's epic was made to fit the spiritual trends current in the new Chakri dynasty, which were themselves based on Brahmanic tradition and Theravada buddhism. With regarding to the structure of the Traibhumi cosmography, and the relationship between merit and power implied by this cosmography ranks all beings from demons to deities in a hierarchy of merit which accrues according to karma the actions of past lives. (2) I analyze how to have attempted to dissect the Hindi and Thai version of the Ramayana. The Hindu concept of kingship is also depicted in the life of Rama. The Hindus see in Rama the norm of a true Hindu life characterized by the Caste and Dharma. In Thai transformed version, it does not preach Hindu values of personal or social life. The Ramakien emphasized that the Buddhism were higher than all other laws, and that the King is regarded as the incarnation of Phra Ram, and thus is also the narration of the righteous buddhist ruler. (3) I discuss how cultural or social contexts can influence the structure of the royal Wat. The whole epic was painted by the order of Rama I in the galleries of the Wat Phra Keo. In other words, it is the very centre of the dynastic cult enshrining the Emerald Buddha, the most iconic expression of the Ramakien tradition were officially amalgamated. Rama I was continued the process of elaborating and stabilizing the complex religious pattern, with Buddhism at the pinnacle. My finding will support the idea that the Ramakien is particularly appealing to the Thai people because it presents the image of an ideal king, Rama, who symbolizes the force of virtue or dharma while Thotsakan represents the force of evil. Eventually the force of good prevails. Being Buddhists, the Thai poets bring into the story the Buddhist philosophy(especially, the law of cause and effect, karma). This paper examines the role of the Hindu epic Ramayana in the historical and cultural contact between Hindu India and Buddhist Southeast Asia. It should now be possible to evaluate what elements of Hindu culture were transmitted into Thai through the Rama story.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권2E호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

Waste glass has been increasingly used in industrial applications. One shortcoming in the utilization of waste glass for concrete production is that it can cause the concrete to be weakened and cracked due to its expansion by alkali-silica reaction(ASR). This study analyzed the ASR expansion and strength properties of concrete in terms of waste glass color(amber and emerald-green), and industrial by-products(ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash). Specifically, the role of industrial by-products content in reducing the ASR expansion caused by waste glass was analyzed in detail. In addition, the feasibility of using ground glass for its pozzolanic property was also analyzed. The research result revealed that the pessimum size for waste glass was $2.5{\sim}1.2mm$ regardless of the color of waste glass. Moreover, it was found that the smaller the waste glass is than the size of $2.5{\sim}1.2mm$, the less expansion of ASR was. Additionally, the use of waste glass in combination with industrial by-products had an effect of reducing the expansion and strength loss caused by ASR between the alkali in the cement paste and the silica in the waste glass. Finally, ground glass less than 0.075 mm was deemed to be applicable as a pozzolanic material.

• 셀메드
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2015

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is an important Rasayana herb and widely considered as Indian ginseng in Ayurveda. In traditional system of Indian medicine, it is used as tonic to rejuvenate the body and increase longevity. In Ayurvedic preparations, various parts of the plant have been used to treat variety of ailments that affect the human health. However, dried roots of the plant are widely used for the treatment of nervous and sexual disorders. The major active chemical constituents of this plant are withanolides, which is responsible for its wide range of biological activities. Since the beginning of the $20^{th}$ century, a significant amount of research has been done and efforts are ongoing to further explore other bioactive constituents, and many pharmacological studies have been carried out to describe their disease preventing mechanisms. In this chapter, we have reviewed the chemistry and pharmacological basis of W. somnifera in various human ailments.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2018

Comparative drought resistances of 11 perennial warm-season turfgrasses were evaluated in the field after withholding irrigation for 48 days in summer I and 57 days in summer II. There were significant variations among the grasses in their drought resistances. From two years study of field shoot recovery from drought stress, the relative rankings among the 11 warm-season turfgrasses was as follows. 'Arizona Common' and 'Texturf 10' bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 'Tifgreen' hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy], and 'Georgia Common' centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Mack.] possessed good drought resistances, whereas 'Texas Common' St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and 'Tifway' hybrid bermudagrass [Cyndon dactylon (L.) Pers ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy] possessed poor drought resistances. 'Texas Common' buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), and 'Adalayd' seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), 'Emerald' zoysiagrass (Z. japonica Steud. ${\times}$ Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.) were found to rank intermediate. Visual leaf firing showed the highest correlation (r=-0.84) to shoot recovery from drought stress. Visual leaf rolling (r=-0.59) and canopy-air temperature differential (r=-0.64) also showed very significant correlations, whereas leaf water potential (r=0.54) showed relatively lower correlation.

• 한국공간구조학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간구조학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.197-202
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• 2008

한국토지공사는 주거, 금융센터, 리조트 시설, 쇼핑 몰, 관광과 스포츠 시설을 포함하는 대규모 단지계획으로서 인천 청라지구를 계획하고 있다. 대규모 단지 (1780만$m^2$)중에 하나가 건설 중이다. 전체지역을 6개의 지역으로 구분하고 6개의 보석 명칭(크리스탈, 샤파이어, 루비, 에머랄드, 자드, 진주, 다이아몬드)들을 부여하고 있다. 한국토지공사는 3개의 주거 단지에 그 지역을 대표할 수 있는 다양하고 특별한 형태와 구조 시스템을 요구하였다. 본인은 이러한 구조형태의 인도교를 소개하고자 한다. 4개의 사장교 뿐만 아니라, 아치교과 트러스교들이 계획되었다.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.207-237
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• 2022

As technological changes continue to accelerate every day, meeting the needs of a shifting educational landscape requires leaving an exclusively "in-person" education behind. Gamified learning environments should be carefully designed in light of conflicting studies to suit students' needs. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to draw conclusive results regarding the application of the most commonly used game elements in education, i.e., badges and leaderboards, through a comprehensive analysis of their impact on academic performance in online learning. Review Manager (RevMan 5.4) was used to analyze eligible studies selected from Emerald, SAGE, ERIC, EBSCO, and ProQuest between January 2011 and January 2022. Analyzing 37 studies found that using leaderboards and badges in online education enhanced academic performance when compared to traditional learning without gamification (SMD = 0.39). The badge-only intervention showed a larger effect size (SMD = 0.33) than the leaderboard-only intervention (SMD = 0.27). Badges and leaderboards together exhibited a larger effect size (SMD = 0.48) than individual game elements (SMD = 0.40). The impact of the game elements on academic performance was greater in the humanities (SMD = 0.51) than in STEM fields (SMD = 0.32) and was greater for K-12 students (SMD = 0.63) than for college students (SMD = 0.31). This study contributes to a timely discussion of the use of badges and leaderboards in COVID-19 online learning trends and provides relevant data for designing integrations of online education and gamification models.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2008

압축성이 크고 지지력이 작은 연약지반에 구조물 축조 시 침하저감 및 지지력의 향상을 위한 다양한 공법이 필요하며 이러한 목적으로 팽이기초가 개발되어 사용되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 구형팽이기초에 형상의 변화를 준 다양한 팽이기초에 대한 수치해석을 실시하여 하중-침하 특성을 파악한 후 침하량 저감 효과가 입증된 부양팽이기초에 대하여 평판재하시험 및 수치해석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 부양팽이기초는 연약지반의 침하 저감 및 지지력 향상에 효과를 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength between various commercial zirconia coping and veneering ceramic, and to observe the failure mode. Methods: For each zirconia block (iJAM Emerald, LUXEN Smile block, ICE Zirkon transluzent), 10 rectangular specimens were layered with Cercon ceram kiss, IPS e.max ceram, ICE Zirkon ceramic according to recommended by the manufacturer. The shear bond strength tests of the veneering porcelain to zirconia were carried out until fracture by a universal testing machine. After the shear bond tests, failure modes were characterized visually, under a stereomicroscope, such as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's tests. Results: The shear bond strength ($mean{\pm}SD$) of zirconia-veneer ceramic were JC group $13.9{\pm}3.6MPa$; JE group $17.7{\pm}2.4MPa$; JI group $15.1{\pm}2.5MPa$; LC group $9.5{\pm}1.5MPa$; LE group $16.2{\pm}2.3MPa$; LI group $12.6{\pm}0.8MPa$; ZC group $16.0{\pm}2.3MPa$; ZE group $18.5{\pm}3.4MPa$; and ZI group $15.3{\pm}3.2MPa$. The One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The failure mode in most experimental groups was mixed failure, except for the LC group, which showed adhesive failure, and JE group, LE group and ZE group showed cohesive failure. Conclusion: For IPS e.max ceram, the shear bond strength value was highest for all kinds of zirconia blocks. For ICE Zirkon transluzent, the shear bond strength value was highest for all kinds of veneering ceramics. Most of experimental group interfaces revealed mixed failure mode.