• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.364-367
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• 1978

Embryonal carcinoma of the mediastinum is a very uncommon disease. This is a report of an embryonal carcinoma in the mediastinum found in a 25 years old Korean male patient who had been suffering from chest pain and intractable coughing for 6 months. 5 weeks prior to this admission hemoptysis and high fever were followed. Right exploratory thoracotomy was performed under the impression of a mediastinal tumor, but found to be unresectable. Irradiation therapy was tried, but no response was observed. Patient expired on 78th day postoperatively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2010

Metastases to the heart are rarely diagnosed before the patient dies. A 26-year-old man was admitted with multiple metastasis of a testicular embryonal carcinoma and he was found to have intracardiac metastasis. Echocardiography showed that he had a mass rising from the interventricular septum and it was floating through the right ventricular outflow tract. The histology of the mass we removed from the right ventricle was consistent with testicular embryonal carcinoma. The patient made a smooth recovery after surgical intervention and chemotherapy. We believe this is the first reported case of testicular embryonal carcinoma that metastasized to the heart and that was successfully removed via surgery in Korea.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

Nanog is a newly identified member of the homeobox family of DNA binding transcription factors that functions to maintain the undifferentiated state of stem cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the function of Nanog remain largely unknown. To elucidate the regulatory roles of Nanog involved in maintenance of P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells, we transfected three small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes targeted against different regions of the Nanog gene into P19 cells. The Nanog siRNA-100 duplexes effectively decreased the expression of Nanog up to 30.7% compared to other two Nanog siRNAs, the Nanog siRNA-400 (67.9 %) and -793 (53.0%). When examined by RT-PCR and real-time PCR, the expression of markers for pluripotency such as Fgf4, Oct3/4, Rex1, Sox1 and Yes was downregulated at 48 h after transfection with Nanog siRNA-100. Furthermore, expression of the ectodermal markers, Fgf5 and Isl1 was reduced by Nanog knockdown. By contrast, the expression of other markers for pluripotency such as Cripto, Sox2 and Zfp57 was not affected by Nanog knockdown at this time. On the other hand, the expression of Lif/Stat3 pathway molecules and of the endoderm markers including Dab2, Gata4, Gata6 and the germ cell nuclear factor was not changed by Nanog knockdown. The results of this study demonstrated that the knockdown of Nanog expression by RNA interference in P19 cells was sufficient to modulate the expression of pluripotent markers involved in the self-renewal of EC stem cells. These results provide the valuable information on potential downstream targets of Nanog and add to our understanding of the function of Nanog in P19 EC stem cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 1999

Primary germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are rare, accounting 1-5 % among all germ cell tumors and 10% of all neoplasms in this area. Approximately 85 % of these tumors occur in men with a mean age 29 years. 'These tumors are mainly found in the anterior mediastinum and appear grossly as large lobulated masses. They are frequently invasive at the time of diagnosis and almost 90% of patients are symptomatic. Primary nonseminomatous germ cell tumor arising in the posterior mediastinum is very rare. We report a case of 37-year old male arising from the posterior mediastinum. Serum tumors markers including alpha-fetoprotein and $\beta$-hCG which are usually elevated in germ cell tumor were not elevated. He was found to have a primary mediastinal embryonal carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis at open exploration. He was treated with debulking surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy, died of sepsis after 15 months postoperatively.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 1996

OTF9-63 (OTF9) and P19S1O1A1 (P19) embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were examined for their ability to produce the readivation of inactive X chromosomes from somatic cells. They were hybridized with various somatic cells and resulting HATr EC-somatic cell clones were analysed for their morphology, chromosomal replication pafterns and expression proffies of X-linked and distantiy located genes, Hprt and Pgk-1. The results demonstrated that 0RF9 cells could reactivate the inactive X chromosome whereas P19 cells could not. In adition, EC-somatic cell hybrids tended to reduce the number of sex chromosomes in long-term culture, resulting m 1:2 ratio of sex chromosomes to autosomes The use of EC cell hybrids provides an experimental system for studying the mechanism(s) of the X-reactivatio that is initiated and maintained from meiotic prophase of oogenesis to early embryogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.240-242
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• 2011

Branchiogenic carcinoma is extremely rare and is defined as a malignant degeneration within the confines of epithelial remnants derived from the embryonal branchial apparatus. Two major diagnostic criteria are histologic proof of transitional area from normal cyst epithelium to invasive squamous cell carcinoma and absence of an identifiable primary carcinoma elsewhere. A 62-year old woman visited our department complaining of a non-tender, movable mass in left upper lateral neck. After a complete mass excision, histopathologic diagnosis of the surgical specimen was branchiogenic squamous cell carcinoma. I report a case of branchiogenic carcinoma with literature review.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3267-3272
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• 2015

Purpose: To retrospective assess the potential predictors for relapse and create an effective clinical mode for surveillance after orchidectomy in clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumors (CSI-NSGCTs). Materials and Methods: We analyzed data for CSI-NSGCTs patients with non-lymphatic vascular invasion, %ECa < 50% (percentage of embryonal carcinoma < 50%), and negative or declining tumor markers to their half-life following orchidectomy (defined as low-risk patients); these patients were recruited from four Chinese centers between January 1999 and October 2013. Patients were divided into active surveillance group and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) group according to different therapeutic methods after radical orchidectomy was performed. The disease-free survival rates (DFSR) and overall survival rates (OSR) of the two groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: A total of 121 patients with CSI-NSGCT were collected from four centers, and 81 low-risk patients, including 54 with active surveillance and 27 with RPLND, were enrolled at last. The median follow-up duration was 66.2 (range 6-164) months in the RPLND group and 65.9 (range 8-179) months in the surveillance group. OSR was 100% in active surveillance and RPLND groups, and DFSR was 89.8% and 87.0%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between these two groups ($X_2=0.108$, P=0.743). No significant difference was observed between the patients with a low percentage of embryonal carcinoma (<50%) and those without embryonal carcinoma (87.0% and 91.9%, $X_2=0.154$, P=0.645). No treatment-related complications were observed in the active surveillance group whereas minor and major complications were observed in 13.0% and 26.1% of the RPLND group, respectively. Conclusions: Active surveillance resulted in similar DFSR and OSR compared with RPLND in our trial. Patients with low-risk CSI-NSGCTs could benefit from risk-adapted surveillance after these patients were subjected to radical orchidectomy.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.243.2-244
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.867-872
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• 1989

Primary mediastinal immature teratoma is a rare germinal tumor which includes various elements of mature teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and seminoma in some proportions. The tumor is virtually restricted to young man and the response to surgery and radiotherapy are poor. Recently, we experienced a case of primary mediastinal immature teratoma with elevated serum [-HCG and [-fetoprotein in 18 years old man. The well-encapsulated mass, weighing 4.5 kg, was completely resected and then adjuvant combination chemotherapy was tried with Vincristine, Bleomycin, and Cisplatin. Radical excision of tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy would appear to produce better result than have been reported in other cases. The postoperative course was uneventful and the tumor markers were returned to normal range.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2015

NgR1, a Nogo receptor, is involved in inhibition of neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration and regulation of synaptic plasticity. P19 embryonal carcinoma cells were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells using all trans-retinoic acid and the presence and/or function of cellular molecules, such as NgR1, NMDA receptors and STAT3, were examined. Neuronally differentiated P19 cells expressed the mRNA and protein of NgR1, which could stimulate the phosphorylation of STAT3 when activated by Nogo-P4 peptide, an active segment of Nogo-66. During the whole period of differentiation, mRNAs of all of the NMDA receptor subtypes tested (NR1, NR2A-2D) were consistently expressed, which meant that neuronally differentiated P19 cells maintained some characteristics of neurons, especially central nervous system neurons. Our results suggests that neuronally differentiated P19 cells expressing NgR1 may be an efficient and convenient in vitro model for studying the molecular mechanism of cellular events that involve NgR1 and its binding partners, and for screening compounds that activate or inhibit NgR1.