• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.394-400
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• 1998

Cryopreservation of embryos by vitrification is a simple method to preserve bovine embryos for subsequent embryo transfer, but embryonic viability after vitrification has been inconsistent and low compared with conventional slow freezing. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of serum or serum albumin in a vitrification solution and epidermal growth factor(EGF) or fibroblast growth factor(FGF) on in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts frozen by vitrification. Bovine blastocysts were produced by in vitro maturation, fertilization of follicular oocytes and culture of embryos in a synthetic oviduct fluid medium(SOFM) containing BSA and 19 essential and nonessential amino acids. Blastocysts with excellent or good morphology were selected at 7 or 8 days after culture and utilized for vitrification. In experiment 1, blastocysts were vitrified in a solution containing semi-fetal calf serum(SFCS) or BSA(5 or 10mg/ml) and then their subsequent viabilities were examined by culturing thawed embryos in a SOFM containing BSA and 19 amino acids. Effect of EGF or FGF added to a SOFM containing polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) on the viability of vitrified-thawed blastocysts was investigated in experiment 2. BSA added at 5 or 10mg/ml to a vitrification solution showed significantly higher(p < 0.05) developmental rate to expanded and hatching blastocysts than SFCS, but there was no significant difference in the developmental rate to hatched blastocysts after thawing. Supplementation of a culture medium with EGF and/or FGF significantly increased(p < 0.05) embryo development to expanded blastocysts compared with control but showed no beneficial effect on the development to hatching or hatched blastocysts. Coculture of thawed embryos with granulosa cells in a TCM 199 containing 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) showed the highest developmental rate to expanded, hatching and hatched blastocysts among the groups tested. In conclusion, supplementation of a vitrification solution with BSA at 5mg/ml and culture of thawed blastocysts in a medium containing EGF and/or FGF can improve in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts frozen by vitrification.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 1989

인삼을 배배양하여 생장조절물질 IBA, GA 그리고 BA 처리에 따른 부정아 발생과 유묘 분화 그리고 화기출현 등을 조사하였던 바 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 부정아의 발생 및 유묘 분화는 IBA 1mg/l와 GA 5mg/l를 조합처리하였을 때 가장 양호하였다. 2. 부정아는 줄기 원기의 기능이 있어 분화하여 다량의 유직물이 되었다. 3. 부정아의 발생 형태는 배축부위에서 5~10회 정도가 윤생 또는 연속적으로 발생하였다. 4. 기내 화기 발생은 유묘가 분화되어야만 가능하였고 IBA, GA 그리고 BA를 각 3mg/l씩 조합처리하였을시 18.4%가 출현하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.534-539
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• 1998

Effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF, DWP401) on fetal external, visceral and skeletal malformation during organogenesis was examined. Pregnant Sprauge-Daw ley rats were administered with 0.2, 1 and 5mg/kg/day subcutaneously on gestation day 6 through 16. Dams were sacrified at 20th day of gestation. Materal body weight, food consumption and clinical observation were not changed. Significant dose-dependent increase of relative and absolute liver weight were observed in the treatment group, whereas other organ weights were not changed. Placental weight of 1 and 5mg/kg/day group and number of resorption in 5mg/kg/day treatment group were significantly increased. External and visceral malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. However, skeletal variations(increase of asymmetry sternebrae, decrease of dumb-bell and asymmetry sternbrae at 5mg/kg/day, and fused stemebrae at 5mg/kg/day) were observed. These results showed that rhEGF (DWP401) may not have embryo and/or fetal developmental toxicity effect in rats.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 1996

본 연구는 혈청첨가 또는 무첨가에 따른 소 난포란의 체외성숙에 있어서 참가된 TGF-$\beta$1과 IGF-I이 그후의 수정 및 발생에 미치는 영향과, 이들 growth factor의 농도에 따른 8세포기 소 체외수정란의 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 도축장에서 얻어진 난소로부터 채취된 난포란을 20% FBS가 첨가 또는 첨가되지 않은 TCM-199에 TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I 또는 TGF-$\beta$1＋IGF-I을 각각 10ng/ml 첨가하여 38.5$^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 배양하여 체외성숙을 유기하였다. 성숙된 난자를 1$\times$106/ml 정자농도로 수정후 24시간에 glucoserk 첨가되지 않은 CZB 배양액으로 옮겨 48시간 배양한 다음, TCM-199＋20%FBS에서 96시간 추가배양하였다. 본 연구에서 혈청이 첨가된 난포란의 체외성숙배양액에 첨가된 growth factor들은 수정후의 배분할 및 배발생에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈청이 첨가되지 않은 경우에서는 TGF-$\beta$1의 첨가는 배분할 및 배발생율을 향상시켰다(P<0.05). 한편 TCM-199＋20%FBS에 5, 10ng/ml의 TGF-$\beta$1 및 5, 10, 50, 100ng/ml의 IGF-I을 각각 첨가후 8세포기 체외수정란을 배양한 결과, 10ng/ml TGF-$\beta$1의 첨가는 배반포기로의 발생율을 향상시켰다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 혈청이 포함되지 않은 소 난포란의 체외성숙 배양액, 또는 수정란의 체외배양액에 10ng/ml TGF-1의 첨가는 배반포기로의 발생율을 향상시킨다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2008

We established an efficient plant regeneration system for Catharanthus roseus L. (G.) Don through somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic callus was induced from hypocotyl of seed germinated in vitro. Somatic embryogenesis in Catharanthus has been categorized into three distinct stages: (1) initiation and proliferation of embryo; (2) maturation, and; (3) germination or plantlet conversion. Beside plant growth regulators, various stages of embryogenesis were screened for their response to a wide variety of factors (pH, gelrite, light, sugar alcohols, polyethyleneglycol and amino acids), which affect embryogenesis. All of the tested factors had a small to marked influence on embryogeny and eventual conversion to plantlets. The plantlets were acclimatized successfully in a greenhouse. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a detailed study of various cultural factors which regulate embryogenesis in C. roseus. The results discussed in this paper may be used in mass propagation to produce medicinal raw material, and the embryo precursor cells could be used in genetic modification programmes that aim to improve the alkaloid yield as well.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2001

In order to establish efficient plant regeneration from embryogenic suspension cultures of soybean, Glycine max L, we examined the effects of auxin type and concentration, cytokinin type and concentration, and amino acid type and concentration on the growth of embryogenic clumps from induced callus, and the effect of desiccation of mature somatic embryos obtained from these clumps on the frequency of somatic embryo germination. Embryogenic callus was induced from the edge of the cotyledons cultured on MS medium containing 6% sucrose, 40 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2% gelrite and pH 5.7. The growth of embryogenic clumps was best in early staged, embryogenic callus that was placed in suspension culture of MS medium containing 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L asparagine. Single somatic embryos were isolated from the clumps and plated on the same medium for maturation. When the mature single somatic embryos were desiccated for 96 h, somatic embryo germination came up to approximately 90%. The plantlets germinated after embryos desiccation for 2 weeks were transfered to MS medium containing 3% sucrose,0.2% gelrite and pH 5.7.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2010

Follicular cystic follicles (FCFs) show delayed regression with persistent follicle growth. However, the mechanism by which follicles are persistently grown remains unclear. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are drug-metabolizing and detoxification enzymes that are involved in the intracellular transport and metabolism of steroid hormones. In this study, a proteomic analysis was performed to identify whether GST expression is changed in bovine FCFs and to predict the interactions between GST and other proteins. Normal follicles and FCFs were classified based on their sizes (5 to 10 mm and 25 mm). In bovine follicles, GST mu 1 (GSTM1) was detected as a differentially expressed protein (DEP) and significantly up-regulated in FCFs compared to normal follicles (p<0.05). Consistent with the proteomic results, semi-quantitative PCR data and western blot analysis revealed an up-regulation of GSTM1 in FCFs. Expression levels of aromatase and dehydrogenase proteins were changed in FCFs. These results show that the up-regulation of GSTM1 that is observed in bovine FCFs is likely to be responsible for the persistent follicle growth in FCFs as the activity of aromatase and the dehydrogenases.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2015

Calculating break-even price of calf production is closely associated with reproductive efficiency. To determine the price, we need data from reproduction records including number of claves weaned, number of cows exposed for breeding, and annual cash coast per cow, and average weaning or market weight of claves sold and retained. Unfortunately, the data were not available in Korea native cow (Hanwoo). To evaluate the performance and the price, we collected calving interval from about 60,000 cows for last 10 years and estimated reproductive performance. Calving interval was increased 4.3% and pregnancy rate was decreased about 1.4~2.8% year-on-year. Increases in growth rates of number of cow and semen per calf supported the low reproductive performance. Finally, break-even price was calculated using estimated percent calf crop and demonstrated that growth rate of break-even price is larger than that of annual cash per cow, suggesting cow-calf profitability and financial efficiency in Korea native cow (Hanwoo) is getting worse.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2016

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are oocyte-specific growth factors that regulate many critical processes involved in early folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. In this study, effects of GDF9 and BMP15 treatment during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes upon development after parthenogenetic activation were investigated. Neither GDF, BMP15 alone nor in combination affects the number and viability of cumulus cells or the rates of oocyte maturation and blastocyst development. However, the treatment of GDF9 on porcine oocytes increased the number of trophectodermal (TE) cells of blastocysts derived from activated oocytes (P<0.05). The treatment of BMP15 increased the cell numbers of both inner cell mass (ICM) and TE cells (P<0.05). The treatment with the combination of GDF9 and BMP15 further increased the numbers of ICM and TE cells, compared with GDF9 or BMP15 treatment alone (P<0.05). In conclusion, the treatment of GDF9 or BMP15 (or both) enhanced the quality of blastocysts via the increased number of ICM and/or TE cells.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.684-690
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• 2023

This study was conducted bimonthly from February to December 2021 to reveal the ecology of Sargassum thunbergii in the intertidal zone along the coasts of Korea. Separate surveys on the period of embryo formation were conducted from February 2021 to December 2022. The growth of S. thunbergii began to increase in February, reached a maximum in June, and was at a minimum in October. Air vesicles were formed from February to June, April to August, and February to August on the east, west, and south coasts, respectively. Receptacles were observed from April to June on the east coast, but from April to August on the west and south coasts. The earliest release of embryos was observed in late May 2022 on the south coast, followed by early June on the east and west coasts. The average size of leaves, stems, and air vesicles was maximum on the east coast and minimum on the west coast, whereas leaf and internode intervals were maximum on the west coast and minimum on the east coast. Plant length, biomass, and the number of branches showed maximum values in the south coast and minimum values in the east coast.