• Title/Summary/Keyword: Embedding powder

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An Investigation of TEM Specimen Preparation Methods from Powders Using a Centrifuge (원심분리기를 이용한 분말시료의 TEM용 시편 준비법 연구)

  • Jeung, Jong-Man;Lee, Young-Boo;Kim, Youn-Joong
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 1999
  • It is practically hard to prepare good TEM specimens from powders which are embedded in epoxy materials for ion milling, because the milling rate difference between powders and epoxy is quite large. In order to overcome this problem, we tried to find methods to increase the density of powders in the embedding epoxy without loosing the adhesive strength between them. Powder density was considerably increased by employing a centrifuge for embedding, compared to the result by a conventional vacuum embedding. In addition, mixing powders of different sizes after sieving also enhanced the final density by allowing smaller particles filling in the gaps of larger particles. Ion milling of powders embedded by these methods resulted in thin specimens good enough for normal TEM works. TEM specimens from spherical, platy and fibrous powders of submicron size were successfully prepared by this centrifuging method.

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Liquid Phase Sintering of Silicon Carbide (탄화규소의 액상소결)

  • 김원중;김영욱
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.32 no.10
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    • pp.1162-1168
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    • 1995
  • Systematic studies of the effects of additives and processing variables on the sintered density and the effect of crystalline forms of starting powders on the microstructure of pressureless sintered silicon carbide are described. Oxide additives were effective for the densification of SiC up to 96% of theoretical density at temperature as low as 185$0^{\circ}C$. Use of embedding powder increased the sintered density, up to 98% of theoretical density, by decreasing the weight loss during sintering. Composite type duplex microstructure has been developed due to the $\beta$longrightarrow$\alpha$ phase transformation of SiC by sintering at 185$0^{\circ}C$ and heat treatment at 195$0^{\circ}C$ for 1h.

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Additive Manufacturing for Sensor Integrated Components (센서 융합형 지능형 부품 제조를 위한 적층 제조 기술 연구)

  • Jung, Im Doo;Lee, Min Sik;Woo, Young Jin;Kim, Kyung Tae;Yu, Ji-Hun
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2020
  • The convergence of artificial intelligence with smart factories or smart mechanical systems has been actively studied to maximize the efficiency and safety. Despite the high improvement of artificial neural networks, their application in the manufacturing industry has been difficult due to limitations in obtaining meaningful data from factories or mechanical systems. Accordingly, there have been active studies on manufacturing components with sensor integration allowing them to generate important data from themselves. Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of a net shaped product with various materials including plastic, metal, or ceramic parts. With the principle of layer-by-layer adhesion of material, there has been active research to utilize this multi-step manufacturing process, such as changing the material at a certain step of adhesion or adding sensor components in the middle of the additive manufacturing process. Particularly for smart parts manufacturing, researchers have attempted to embed sensors or integrated circuit boards within a three-dimensional component during the additive manufacturing process. While most of the sensor embedding additive manufacturing was based on polymer material, there have also been studies on sensor integration within metal or ceramic materials. This study reviews the additive manufacturing technology for sensor integration into plastic, ceramic, and metal materials.

Properties of Porous SiC Ceramics Prepared by Wood Template Method

  • Ha, Jung-Soo;Lim, Byong-Gu;Doh, Geum-Hyun;Kang, In-Aeh;Kim, Chang-Sam
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.308-311
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    • 2010
  • Porous SiC samples were prepared with three types of wood (poplar, pine, big cone pine) by simply embedding the wood charcoal in a powder mixture of Si and $SiO_2$ at 1600 and $1700^{\circ}C$. The basic engineering properties such as density, porosity, pore size and distribution, and strength were characterized. The samples showed full conversion to mostly $\beta$-SiC with good retention of the cellular structure of the original wood. More rigid SiC struts were developed for $1700^{\circ}C$. They showed similar bulk density ($0.5{\sim}0.6\;g/cm^3$) and porosity (81~84%) irrespective of the type of wood. The poplar sample showed three pore sizes (1, 8, $60\;{\mu}m$) with a main size of $60\;{\mu}m$. The pine sample showed a single pore size ($20\;{\mu}m$). The big cone pine sample showed two pore sizes (10, $80\;{\mu}m$) with a main size of $10\;{\mu}m$. The bend strength was 2.5 MPa for poplar, 5.7 MPa for pine, 2.8 MPa for big cone pine, indicating higher strength with pine.

Property Estimation of Functionally Graded Materials Between M2 Tool Steel and Cu Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy (분말야금으로 제작된 M2 공구강과 Cu 간 기능성 경사 복합재의 물성 평가)

  • Jeong, Jong-Seol;Shin, Ki-Hoon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.38 no.9
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    • pp.953-958
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    • 2014
  • The use of functionally graded materials (FGMs) may enhance thermal conductivity without reducing the desired strength in many applications such as injection molds embedding conformal cooling channels and cutting tools with heat sinks (or cooling devices). As a fundamental study for cutting tools having FGM heat sinks between M2 tool steel and Cu, six FGM specimens (M2 and Cu powders were premixed such that the relative compositions of M2 and Cu were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 wt%) were fabricated by powder metallurgy in this study. The cross sections of these specimens were observed by optical microscopy, and then the material properties (such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, and coefficient of thermal expansion) related to heat transfer were measured and analyzed.

A Study on the Optimum Design for LTCC Micro-Reformer: (Performance Evaluation of Various Flow Channel Structures ('LTCC를 소재로 하는 마이크로 리포머의 최적 설계에 관한 연구: (다양한 채널구조에 따른 성능변화 고찰)')

  • Chung Chan-Hwa;Oh Jeong-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.551-552
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    • 2006
  • The miniature fuel cells have emerged as a promising power source for applications such as cellular phones, small digital devices, and autonomous sensors to embedded monitors or to micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) devices. Several chemicals run candidate at a fuel in those systems, such as hydrogen. methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, and di-methyl ether (DME). Among them, hydrogen shows most efficient fuel performance. However, there are some difficulties in practical application for portable power sources. Therefore, more recently, there have been many efforts for development of micro-reformer to operate highly efficient micro fuel cells with liquid fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and DME In our experiments, we have integrated a micro-fuel processor system using low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) materials. Our integrated micro-fuel processor system is containing embedded heaters, cavities, and 3D structures of micro- channels within LTCC layers for embedding catalysts (cf. Figs. 1 and 2). In the micro-channels of LTCC, we have loaded $CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalysts using several different coating methods such as powder packing or spraying, dipping, and washing of catalyst slurry.

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Product and Properties of Embedded Capacitor by Aerosol Deposition (Aerosol Deposition에 의한 Embedded Capacitor의 제조 및 특성 평가)

  • Yoo, Hyo-Sun;Cho, Hyun-Min;Park, Se-Hoon;Lee, Kyu-Bok;Kim, Hyeong-Joon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.313-313
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    • 2008
  • Aerosol Deposition(AD) method is based on the impact consolidation phenomenon of ceramic fine particles at room temperature. AD is promising technology for the room temperature deposition of the dielectrics thin films with high quality. Embedding of passive components such as capacitors into printed circuit board is becoming an important strategy for electronics miniaturization and device reliability, manufacturing cost reduction. So, passive integration using aerosol deposition. In this study, we examine the effects of the characteristics of raw powder on the thickness, roughness, electrical properties of $BaTiO_3$ thin films. Thin films were deposited on the copper foil and copper plate. Electrical and material properties was investigated as a change of annealing temperature. We final aim the effects of before and after of laminated on the electrical properties and suit of embedded capacitor.

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TISSUE CHANGE AFTER EMBEDDING GELATIN MATRIX IMPLANT(FFIBREL®) IN SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE OF RATS;HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY (백서의 피하조직에 Gelatin Matrix Implant (Fibrel®) 매식시 조직변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hong-Jin;Lee, Chong-Heon;Kim, Kyung-Wook
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.341-354
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    • 1998
  • GMI (Fibrel${(R)}$) is one of the dermal filling substances which have been successfully used for the treatment of depressed cutaneous scar and wrinkles. It's major components are; Gelatin powder, which provides a framework for the clot to form and remains stable under the scar, and ${\varepsilon}$-aminocaproic acid, which inhibits the production of fibrinolysin, and Plasma, which provides the necessary ingredients for collagen synthesis. GMI has advantages of low immunogenicity and increased longevity. It has been known to induce fibroblast activity and promote new collagen synthesis. We used 34 Sprague-Dawley rats which were bred under the same condition and duration. 18 of experimental animals were undergone cardiac puncture, and their blood were collected, centrifugated, and stored in freezer. Out of 16 animals, control group were injected with 2ml plasma into the subcutaneous tissue of Lt. scapular, while experimental group were implanted of 2 ml GMI into the Rt. same area. Experimental animals were sacrificed at the 3rd day, 5th day, 1st week and 2nd week respectively after implantation of GMI. To observe the histopathologic change of GMI and surrounding tissue reaction of GMI, we had examined with H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining with vimentin, ${\alpha}$-SMA, S-100 under LM and SEM. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In LM study, the inflammatory cell infiltrations and granulation tissue formation were observed, and muscle tissues were well attached with adipose tissues in the control group. In the experimental group, inflammatory cell infiltrations had been observed by the 2nd week and irregular adipiose tissues and well differentiated mesenchymal tissues were examined. 2. In immunohistochemical study, the experimental group of ${\alpha}$-SMA study, there were a prominent positive response on endothelial development of granulation tissues and mesenchymal tissues compare with the control group. In vimentin study, positive response on mescenchymal fibroblast continued to 2nd week, but negative in the control group. In S-100 study, both groups were positively responded on irregular adipose tissues. 3. In SEM study, collagen fibers were embedded by the plasma by the 5th day in the control group, and in the 3rd day experiment GMI were resorved but communited with collagen fiber till the 1st week. Collagen fibers were infilt-rated into GMI at the 2nd week and the infilltrated GMI were conglomerated with the mature adipose cells and the collagen fibers. From the above results, GMI implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague-Dawley rat, the mild infiltration of inflammatory cells were showed till 2nd week and the granulation tissues were observed. GMI were nearly resorbed till 2nd week, but well attached with adipose tissue and collagen fibers. The endothelium and fibroblasts were actively proliferated. Adipose tissues and mesenchymal tissue cells were observed. As already expressed, GMI showed resorptive change in course of time without any early immune reaction, and seemed to induce fibroblast activity and promote new collagen synthesis.

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Manufacturing Method for Sensor-Structure Integrated Composite Structure (센서-구조 일체형 복합재료 구조물 제작 방법)

  • Han, Dae-Hyun;Kang, Lae-Hyong;Thayer, Jordan;Farrar, Charles
    • Composites Research
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.155-161
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    • 2015
  • A composite structure was fabricated with embedded impact detection capabilities for applications in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). By embedding sensor functionality in the composite, the structure can successfully perform impact localization in real time. Smart resin, composed of $Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-Pb(Zr,\;Ti)O_2$ (PNN-PZT) powder and epoxy resin with 1:30 wt%, was used instead of conventional epoxy resin in order to activate the sensor function in the composite structure. The embedded impact sensor in the composite was fabricated using Hand Lay-up and Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding(VARTM) methods to inject the smart resin into the glass-fiber fabric. The electrodes were fabricated using silver paste on both the upper and bottom sides of the specimen, then poling treatment was conducted to activate the sensor function using a high voltage amplifier at 4 kV/mm for 30 min at room temperature. The composite's piezoelectric sensitivity was measured to be 35.13 mV/N by comparing the impact force signals from an impact hammer with the corresponding output voltage from the sensor. Because impact sensor functionality was successfully embedded in the composite structure, various applications of this technique in the SHM industry are anticipated. In particular, impact localization on large-scale composite structures with complex geometries is feasible using this composite embedded impact sensor.