• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is aimed at grasping the architectural characteristics of modern buildings in Gangneung from 1910's to 1970's. The results are as follows. 1) The commercial buildings are mostly unsymmetrical flat type and others except commercial buildings are mostly symmetrical flat type. 2)Up until the 1940's, staircases were located inner of building between the first and the second floor, however after the 1950's, they were separately located in one side of the building to ensure perpendicularly more space and easier mobility than before. 3)Windows were widely used in order to avoid monotonous wall elevation after 1950' s. 4)Striped decorations were put to use to decorate the front elevation of building. 5)Parapet which had decorative stripes to the top was generally used to hide roof.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

In this study, during the activation of neutrophil responses by sodium fluoride. involvement of protein tyrosine kinase was studied. Respiratory burst lysosomal enzyme release and elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$stimulated by sodium fluoride in neutrophils were inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin. The inhibitory effect of genistein and tyrphostin on superoxide and $H_{2}O_{2}$ production was less than that of protein kinase C inhibitors, staurosporine and H-7. Staurosporine and H-7 had little or no effect on the release of myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase stimulated by sodium fluoride. EGTA and verapamil inhibited the elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ evoked by sodium fluoride. The inhibitory effect of staurosporine on the elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was less than that of genistein. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide production, which is sensitive to staurosporine, was further enhanced by genistein, whereas the stimulatory action of PMA on myeloperoxidase release was inhibited by genistein. A pretreatment of neutrophils with PMA signifcantly attenuated sodium fluoride-evoked elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ These results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase may be involved in the activation process of neutrophil responses due to direct stimulation of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. In neutrophil responses, PMA-stimulated neutrophils appear to show a different type of inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2010

Many edentulous posterior maxilla are found to be compromised by alveolar resorption and increased pneumatization of the sinus. One of the surgical procedures to overcome this anatomical limitation is sinus floor elevation with bone graft, which is reported as more appropriate and more successful procedure. Commonly, if the residual bone height is over 5mm, sinus floor elevation is operated through transcrestal approach using osteotome technique. But, it is possible for patients to feel discomfort during operation and dizziness after operation while malleting, sinus floor elevation, using osteotome technique. Some instruments and methods has been used to overcome these problems and use more easily. The aim of this study is to compare between the surgical procedure of sinus floor elevation using Hatch reamer technique and that of sinus floor elevation using osteotome technique. From 2004 Feb to 2007 Oct, we investigate patients (osteotome group: 72, Hatch reamer group: 70) who were given implant surgery with sinus floor elevation (osteotome group: 92, Hatch reamer group: 98). We analysed gender, age, residual bone height, amount of sinus floor elevation, used graft material, total success rate, failure rate by residual bone height and implant type and discomfort during operation, etc. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the amount of sinus elevation was osteotome group was $3.85{\pm}1.02\;mm$ and Hatch reamer group was $3.93{\pm}1.38\;mm$. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). 2. At the total success rate, osteotome group was 92.4% and Hatch reamer group was 94.9%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). 3. On the discomfort during the operation by using numerical rating scale, osteotome group was $2.87{\pm}0.83$ and Hatch reamer group was $1.12{\pm}0.64$. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The Hatch reamer group clinical results was similar to osteotome group and we thought that Hatch reamer technique can overcome the faults of osteotome technique.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible usage of underground space as a future housing. This study looked into the ancient underground housing at first and also identified the features of underground housing in the positive and negative aspects. Four types of underground housing; chamber type, atrium type, elevation type, and penetration type; were investigated. The current situation of korean underground housing was also reviewed. And last, some possible implications were discussed. This article could be used as the basis for the development of future underground housing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2006

Loss of maxillary molar teeth leads to rapid loss of crestal bone and inferior expansion of the maxillary sinus floor (secondary pneumatization). Rehabilitation of the site with osseointegrated dental implants often represents a clinical challenge because of the insufficient bone volume resulted from this phenomenon. Boyne & James proposed the classic procedure for maxillary sinus floor elevation entails preparation of a trap door including the Schneiderian membrane in the lateral sinus wall. Summers proposed another non-invasive method using a set of osteotome and the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) was proposed for implant sites with at least 5-6mm of bone between the alveolar crest and the maxillary sinus floor. The change of grafted material in maxillary sinus is important for implant survival and the evaluation of graft height after maxillary sinus floor elevation is composed of histologic evaluation and radiomorphometric evaluation. The aim of the present study was radiographically evaluate the graft height change after maxillary sinus floor elevation and the influence of the graft material type in height change and the bone remodeling of grafts in sinus. A total of 59 patients (28 in lateral approach and 31 in crestal approach) who underwent maxillary sinus floor elevation composed of lateral approach and crestal approach were radiographically followed for up to about 48 months. Change in sinusgraft height were calculated with respect to implant length (IL) and grafted sinus height(BL). It was evaluated the change of the graft height according to time, the influence of the approach technique (staged approach and simultaneous approach) in lateral approach to change of the graft height, and the influence of the type of graft materials to change of the graft height. Patients were divided into three class based on the height of the grafted sinus floor relative to the implant apex and evaluated the proportion change of that class (Class I, in which the grafted sinus floor was above the implant apex; Class II, in which the implant apex was level with the grafted sinus floor; and Class III, in which the grafted sinus floor was below the implant apex). And it was evaluated th bone remodeling in sinus during 12 months using SGRl(by $Br\ddot{a}gger$ et al). The result was like that; Sinus graft height decreased significantly in both lateral approach and crestal approach in first 12 months (p$MBCP^{TM}$ had minimum height loss. Class III and Class II was increased by time in both lateral and crestal approach and Class I was decreased by time. SGRI was increased statistically significantly from baseline to 3 months and 3 months(p<0.05) to 12 months(p$ICB^{(R)}$ single use, more reduction of sinusgraft height was appeared. Therefore we speculated that the mixture of graft materials is preferable as a reduction of graft materials. Increasing of the SGRI as time goes by explains the stability of implant, but additional histologic or computed tomographic study will be needed for accurate conclusion. From the radiographic evaluation, we come to know that placement of dental implant with sinus floor elevation is an effective procedure in atrophic maxillary reconstruction.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.60-73
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• 2024

Background: The available information on terrestrial pest gastropods and their impact on the environment worldwide is scarce and outdated. The present study aimed to address this gap by conducting the first comprehensive survey of pest gastropods in the Nuwara Eliya District, an important vegetable growing area in the highlands of Sri Lanka. Eighty agricultural lands were surveyed over two years by establishing ten 1 m2 sampling plots per crop type in each agricultural land. Geo-coordinates, air temperature, elevation, relative humidity, daily rainfall, soil pH, species richness and abundance were recorded for rainy and non-rainy periods. The relationship between species composition and environmental variables was analyzed using multi-regression models and distribution maps. Results: Out of the 14 species recorded in agricultural lands, nine were identified as exotic pest species. Species abundance (t = 4.69, p < 0.05) and diversity was higher in the rainy period and the dominant species during this period were Bradybaena similaris (t = 2.69, p < 0.05) and Deroceras reticulatum (t = 2. 46, p < 0.05). Eggs and estivating adults were found in soil and under decaying organic matter during the non-rainy period. The exotic species showed broader preferences for the measured environmental factors and showed a wider range in distribution compared to the native species. Variation in pest gastropod composition was significantly accounted for by elevation, relative humidity, soil pH and daily rainfall. Additionally, the species richness and abundance varied across locations due to the combined effects of elevation, crop type and stage, and field type. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the biology and ecology of gastropod pests to develop effective management strategies. By considering the influence of environmental factors and implementing appropriate soil management techniques, such as targeting specific habitats and crop stages, it is possible to mitigate pest populations and minimize their impact on agricultural lands. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics and interactions of terrestrial gastropods in agricultural ecosystems, supporting sustainable pest management practices.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2003

Objective:The purpose of this study was to know about the mechanism of pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus by using of blood glucose, glucoregulatory factor, insulin resistance in schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotics. Method:Modified oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 20 schizophrenic patients receiving haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine. Insulin, glucagon, C-peptide and cortisol were measured in 0, 15, 45, 75 minutes after glucose loading, and insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA(homeostasis model assessment) method. Result:Olanzapine-treated patients had significant glucose elevation 45 minutes after glucose challenge. Also modest increases in HOMA IR values were detected in patients treated with olanzapine. Conclusion:Olanzapine treatment of non-diabetic patients with schizophrenia can be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus through the elevation of glucose and insulin resistance. Elevated insulin resistance may be a causative mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients receiving olanzapine.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.243-253
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• 1997

차량과 같은 지상 이동체 통신에서는 안테나에 도래하는 입사전파가 안테나의 수직평변면에 대해서 약 $60^{\circ}$ 정도 의 낮은 입사각을 가지므로 이를 효과적으로 수신할 수 있는 평면형 안테나를 제작하고 그 특성을 고찰하였다. 유전체 덮개층 효과를 이용한 설계를 하여 안테나의 기판층을 포함한 평면에서의 방사계가 영이 되지 않도록 함으로써 이러한 안테나의 설계가 가능하다. 주파수 1.2 GHz에서 70 MHz 정도의 대역폭을 갖고 저각도 입사전파를 수신할 수 있는 소형 마이크로스트립 안테나를 구현하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 피부의 표피와 진피에 분포하는 HaCaT 세포와 HDF 세포를 이용하여 항산화효과가 우수한 두릅순 추출물의 처리가 UVB에 의한 피부광노화를 억제할 수 있는지 알아보기 위하여 피부 염증반응과 관련한 사이토카인과 피부의 주요 구성 단백질인 collagen에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 MMP-1, type-I procollagen, TRPV-1 등의 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. HaCaT에 두릅순 추출물을 24시간 전처리한 경우 UVB ($55 mJ/cm^2$) 노출로 인해 증가한 염증매개인자인 IL-6, IL-8, $PGE_2$를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한, 피부 collagen의 정상적인 구조 및 양에 영향을 미치는 단백질들의 발현을 측정한 결과 HaCaT에서는 UVB 조사로 인해 증가한 TRPV-1과 MMP-1 단백질의 발현이 두릅순 에탄올 추출물의 전처리로 모두 감소하였고, HDF에서는 UVB를 조사한 대조군에 비하여 두릅순 추출물 처리가 MMP-1 단백질 발현을 감소시키는 동시에 collagen의 전구체인 type-I procollagen의 발현을 증가시키는 효과를 보였다. 이들 결과들로부터 항산화효과가 우수한 두릅순 70% 에탄올 추출물은 피부세포에서 UVB에 의한 염증반응을 억제시키는 동시에 피부 collagen의 감소를 억제시킴으로써 피부 광노화를 예방할 수 있는 천연 소재로 이용될 수 있다고 본다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8274-8283
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• 2015

텔레비전의 가스 스프링은 롱 스트로크 (200 ~ 300mm, TV 상승 변위) 하에서 작동 할 때 피스톤 속도의 제어가 가능하다. 이 원리에 의해서 사용자는 높낮이 조절이 가능하다. 먼저 피스톤의 흐름 해석을 수행하였다. 정확한 관형 단면을 위한 피스톤 속도 조절기술을 조사하였다. 유동률 제어 및 높낮이 작용을 위한 피스톤 구조를 제안되었다. 본 연구는 대형 텔레비전 스탠드를 통해 50 인치 이상 TV의 가스 스프링의 개발을 위한 것이다. 최적 피스톤 로드 제어를 위한 중공축(외경 19.9mm, 내경 13.9mm)에 질소 개스(0.3m/s)를 주입하였다. 그 결과, 유동율이 증대함에 따라 피스톤 로드의 압력강하는 외력의 변화 없이 증대되었다. 결과적으로, 가스스프링을 통한 변위의 제어는 가능하다.