• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.266-266
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• 2009

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2013

A 5-year-old intact male Yorkshire terrier dog was referred with a 1-week history of blindness. In both eyes, menace responses and pupillary light reflexes were absent. The indirect ophthalmoloscopy revealed multiple small gray-white and discoloration lesion in mid-nontapetum area in both eyes. Electroretinograms showed diminished amplitude of a- and b-waves. Multifocal serous retinal detachments were detected with optical coherence tomography (OCT) over the small gray-white and discoloration lesion in the fundus. After one week of treatments, the indirect ophthalmoloscopy showed that irregular patches and hyperpigmentation in the center of hyperreflectivity area. Reattachment and retinal thinning were observed by the OCT. The results indicate that OCT scanning is considered to be a useful method for retinal evaluation in dogs with chorioretinitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.294-294
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2013

To report retinal image of in a 6-year-old male castrated poodle dog with a 2-month history of nyctalopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Ocular reflexes were present in both eyes and slit lamp examination showed anterior subscapular cataract in the right eye. There were fundus abnormalities in both eyes similar to retinal degeneration. Scotopic electroretinograms (ERGs) revealed significantly subabnormal amplitudes and prolonged implicit time, whereas photopic ERGs were better maintained, although far from normal. OCT of affected dogs revealed generalized retinal thinning much more than a normal age-matched dog. Therefore, OCT scanning is considered to be a useful method for retinal evaluation in dogs with retinal degeneration.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2020

This study aimed to confirm the effects that the mobile phone has on Electroretinogram (ERG). The ERG responses of three groups of healthy dogs, five in each group, were studied. ERG test was performed consecutively before and after the mobile phone was carried out. For group A, music was played with the sound on; for group B, music was played but the sound off; and for group C, the phone was set on the airplane mode. In the presence of a mobile phone, the amplitudes of a- and b-wave were increased in all groups. The a- and b-wave amplitudes at the flash intensity of 3,000 mcd·s/㎡ were significantly increased in all groups (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it is recommended to conduct ERG test in the absence of a mobile phone for the accurate evaluation of the retinal function.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.341-346
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of an intravitreal injection of cidofovir in beagle dogs. Nine beagle dogs (18 eyes) were used and randomly assigned to the following three groups of various dosages: 100, 500 and $1000{\mu}g$. Aqueous paracentesis was followed by an intravitreal injection of cidofovir. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured twice a week and electroretinography (ERG) and ophthalmoscopic examination were performed every week during the study. At the end of the study, all eyes were enucleated for histopathologic evaluation after euthanasia. The IOPs in the 500 and $1000{\mu}g$ groups were statistically lower than baseline with no significant IOP changes in the $100{\mu}g$ group. Reduced amplitudes of ERG recordings were identified in the eyes injected with higher dose groups than the $100{\mu}g$ group. Histopathologic examination revealed that there were dose-related toxicities to the ciliary body and the retina. These results suggest that intravitreal cidofovir had dose-dependent IOP lowering effects associated with ciliary body destruction, but had the potential to cause retinal toxicity in beagle dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2022

Cataracts occur commonly in older dogs, which can lead to partial or complete vision loss. In the present study, a 12-year-old male poodle presented for evaluation of ocular sinister (OS) cataract. This study was a clinical case report on the process of performing surgery using phacoemulsification (PHACO) and the problems that arise in patient diagnosed with OS cataract. In the oculus dexter (OD), the artificial eye was inserted because there was no electroretinography (ERG) response. In the OS, the ERG was 51.6 μV, so operation was performed because the visual pathway function remained. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the OS showed complete loss of vision as a hypermature cataract and that the lens was hardened. During the cataract surgery using PHACO, visco-elastic agents were used to maintain the shape of the eyeball, and the PHACO procedure took 3.13 minutes. The hardened lens and visco-elastic agents were removed from the eye through PHACO surgery, and the operation was completed by inserting an intraocular lens (IOL). As a result of managing IOP for 2 months after surgery, it remained stable at a maximum of 19 mmHg, and no postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) occurred. Currently, one year has passed since the operation, and the dog maintains its daily life with its left eye without any problems.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of retinal diseases in dogs presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University from April 2004 to December 2005. Sixty-five dogs (120 eyes) with retinal diseases involving blindness were included in this study. Age, breed, and gender data for all breeds were collected from medical records documenting vision loss. Generalized progressive retinal atrophy (gPRA) was the most common manifestation. Other prevalent findings included sudden acquired retinal degeneration (SARD) and retinal detachment (RD). Bilateral gPRA was found in 32 dogs with a female-to-male ratio of 1 : 1. The mean $age{\pm}SD$ of all dogs in this group was $4.66{\pm}2.30$ years with a range of 3 to 12 years. Breeds with highest prevalence of gPRA were Miniature Schnauzer (24/32, $mean{\pm}SD$ age: $3.79{\pm}0.78$ yr) and Poodle (2/32, $6.50{\pm}0.71$ yr). Twelve dogs (24 eyes) were diagnosed with SARD bilateraly, ranging from 3 to 13 years of age ($mean{\pm}SD:\;6.91{\pm}2.61$ yr). There were no abnormalities in fundus of 11 dogs at presentation. Electroretinography (ERG) without anesthesia was performed in 7 dogs, and all response was totally extinguished. Retinal detachment was identified in 21 dogs (32 eyes): 11 bilateral and 10 unilateral (7 right eye, 3 left eye). The most common breed was Shih Tzu (15/21, $mean{\pm}SD$ age: $4.39{\pm}3.24$ yr). Four other breeds comprised the remaining 6 cases (8 eyes). The everall mean age of the group was: $4.18{\pm}2.89$ years (range 0.8 to 14 years) with a female-to-male ratio of 1 : 1.1 (10 females, and 11 males).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.266-276
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• 2021

Fundus hemorrhage refers to abnormalities in the retinal tissue and blood vessels. Therefore, when a hemorrhagic change in the fundus occurs, the ophthalmologist orders various ophthalmic tests to evaluate the degree of hemorrhage and determine the progress of the lesion before, during, and after treatment to accordingly establish a treatment plan. Currently, the most useful and universal fundus examination includes optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography (FP), and fluorescein angiography (FAG). Existing fluorescein angiography test methods for establishing a treatment plan for severe fundus bleeding have limitations. The authors propose that peripheral pupil and the 5-quadrant method should be performed using ultra-wide-angle fluorescence fundus angiography (UWFFA). Using this method, it is possible to quickly determine the area to be described, avoid the radius of bleeding as much as possible, and provide the ophthalmologist with a range of damaged tissue and abnormal blood vessels. Nevertheless, there are cases in which ophthalmologists judge that fundus bleeding is so severe that ultra-wide-angle fluorescence fundus angiography is meaningless. In such cases, ophthalmic ultrasound and electroretinogram may be used in that order as alternative methods of examination. Therefore, some clinical situations require the use of ophthalmic ultrasound and electroretinogram and should be performed accurately.