• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2001

During the rapid phase of gonadal development of the freshwater teleost, the catfish (Silurus asotus), the influence of hCG upon the inducement of final oocyte maturation and spawning was investigated electrophoretically and ultrastructurally. The electrophoretic patterns obtained were different in the presence and absence of some of the major or minor zones, because of the hormone level in catfish. The vitellogenin of hormone-treated fish was stained more intensively than that of sham-treated fish. These proteins showed some minor or main bands of egg extracts which migrated at positions corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 90,000. However, the thickness of electrophoretic band in molecular weight for hCG-treated fish was slightly lower than that for saline control. It seemed the plasma protein with molecular weight of approximately 45,000 in hCG-treated fish disappeared. In contrast to the control fish, the ovaries in the catfish treated with hCG shows a marked ultrastructural change under the electron microscope. No dilated profiles were seen in the granulosa cells of the mature oocyte before ovulation. After germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), the zona radiata interna (ZRI) becomes more compact, and there is a loss of all the processes from the pore canals. There is a wide space between the vitelline membrane and zona radiata. Also, during final maturation, the microvillar processes from the oocyte are seen no longer to penetrate deeply into the extracellular spaces of the overlying granulosa cells, and the reticulate patterns of the zona radiata interna becomes occluded, giving the zona radiata a more solid appearance. It has been possible to initiate 100% oocyte maturation in yolk granules and follicles in vivo by treatment with hCG and a high water temperature ($27^{\circ}C$). In hCG-treated fish, the percentages of successful artificial fertilization and hatching were maximal at 15 h after a single injection. It seems clear that a long acting preparation containing hCG can be successfully used in prespawning fish to advance the final events of gonadal maturation and initiate spawning. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential of hCG to either stimulate or inhibit the reproductive development of fish at other stages of the seasonal reproductive cycle.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.3 s.82
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• pp.176-190
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• 1997

Sixty-three isolates of Lentinus edodes obtained from Korea were used to assess the genetic similarity by isozyme polymorphisms and random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns. The activities of esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase displayed 10, 7 and 3 distinct isozyme patterns, respectively. By combining the isozyme patterns obtained with the 3 enzymes, every isolate showed its own distinct electrophoretic phenotypes. A distance matrix calculated between all pairs of 63 electrophoretic phenotypes based on the presence or abscence of isozyme bands were analyzed by the group-average method. Results of the cluster analysis assinged the 63 phenotypes into six major groups. In the analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns, all isolates of Lentinus edodes were devided into five RAPD groups.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 1994

This study was planned to identify the variety of Italian ryegrass using electrophoresis. Thirty seven varieties of Italian ryegrass were tested by starch gel electrophoresis. The specific electrophoretic zymograms of each variety were observed by Alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and Esterase. The results were surnrnerized as follows; 1. AU varieties displayed two band zones by ADH and Rf values were 0.63 and 0.6 (Table 2, Fig. 2). 2. There were five band type for ADH isozyme of 37 varieties classified with isozyme banding pattern. According to the isozyme band type 7, 2, 6, 18 and 4 varieties belong to group, I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively (Table 2). 3. The varieties displayed single band zone for Esterase isozyme and Rf value was 1.00 (Table 2, Fig. 4). 4. According to banding type, Esterase isozyme of 37 varieties classified into 3 groups, 22, 8 and 7 varieties belong to group, I , II, and III, respectively (Table 2).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 1987

In order to find out the effectiveness of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia-legume symbiotic relationship, ecological and physiological characteristics of indigenous rhizobia distributed in Korean soils, that is, dissimilatory nitrate reduction patterns of indigenous soybean rhizobia isolated from four different soils, and differences in one-and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of proteins among the each subgroups of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium fredii, were investigated. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The indigenous soybean rhizobia isolated from four different soils could be classified into 4 groups depending on growth rate and dissimilatory nitrate reduction pattern, that is, $S_1$ (slow-grower; Bradyrhizobium japonicum and nitrate denitrifier), $S_2$ (slow-grower; Bradyrhizobium japonicum and nitrate respirer), $F_1$ (fast-grower; Rhizobium fredii and denitrifier), and $F_2$ (fast-grower; Rhizobium fredii and nitrate respirer). 2. The population ratio of fast- to slow-growing R. japonicum was 39% to 61%, and the ratio of denitrifier to nitrate respirer was 31% to 69% and 89% to 11% in fast and slow-grower, respectively. Some differences were observed between fast- and slow-growing R. japonicum but no significant difference was observed between denitrifier and nitrate respirer within same growth type by one and two dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2009

Cyclic AMP-mediated signaling pathways regulate a number of cellular functions. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of cAMP signaling pathways in chondrogenesis of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells in vitro. Forskolin, which increases cellular cAMP levels by the activation of adenylate cyclase, enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. Inhibition of PKA with specific inhibitors (H89 or KT5720) blocked pre-cartilage condensation stage, indicating that chondrogenesis is regulated by the increase in cellular cAMP level and subsequent activation of PKA. Downstream signaling pathway of PKA leading to gene expression was investigated by examination of several nuclear transcription factors. Forskolin treatment increased transcription level for a cartilage-specific marker gene Sox9. However, inhibition of PKA with H89 led to restore expression of Sox9, indicating PKA activity was required to regulate the expression of Sox9 in chondrogenesis. In addition, CREB was highly phosphorylated at early stage of mesenchyme culture, and followed by progressive dephosphorylation. CBP and ATF, another CRE related proteins were transiently expressed at the early stage of chondrogenesis with a pattern similar to CREB phosphorylation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that the binding activity of CREB to the CRE is closely correlated to the phosphorylation pattern of CREB. Therefore, cAMP-mediated signal transduction to nuclear events for the induction of genes appeared to be required at the early stage of chick limb bud chondrogenesis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.730-736
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• 1995

The solubilization and proteolytic process of $\delta $-endotoxin was analvsed to compare the biochemical property of the toxin isolated from B. thuringiensis subsp. sotto. The purified crystals were dissolved in 50 mM carbonate buffer containing 10 mM dithiothreitol at pH 10 for various times. The electrophoretic pattern showed that a rapid disappearance of 138 kDa protein band. This disappearance of protein with high molecular weight was accompanied by the appearance of new protein fragment with 104 kDa, 60 kDa, and 25 kDa. For proteolvtic processing, the soluble crystals were digested with trypsin for various times. The soluble crystal protein of 104 kDa was completely disappeared. However, the protein fragment of 60 kDa and 25 kDa still remained after complete proteolysis. The comparative immunoblot analysis showed that the antiserum against intact crystals showed strong immunoreactivity to the homologous inclusion protein of 138 kDa, 104 kDa, and 25 kDa, and to the intact spores of 221 kDa and 138 kDa, but not to the vegetative cell homogenate. The sera against crystals and spores had no immunoreactivity to the vegetative cell homogenate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 1995

A total of 6 tamaraws were observed for determining coat color and measured for body conformation. Banding pattern of 4 blood proteins and 2 isozymes were analysed from the peripheral blood of two tamaraws. The coat colour of younger tamaraws were observed to be brown and adult was found to be complete black. The body weight, body length, withers height, head length, head width, horn length and tail length of adult male and female tamaraws were: 236 kg and 208 kg; 113.5 cm and 112.5 cm; 19.5 cm and 20 cm; 30.0 cm and 28.5 cm and 36.0 cm and 35.5 cm, respectively. The electrophoretic banding pattern, distance migrated and the allelic frequencies obtained in tamaraws were similar compared with that reported in swamp buffaloes. Although the sample size was very small, results of this study could be an important source of informations based on which a breeding programme can be designed to exploit some of the economic characters of tamaraw.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1986

Total protein from 4 barley varieties(Olbori, Young San-bori, Sacheon 6, and Suwon 228) was separated into albumin, globulin hordein and glutelin fractions by the Osborne method and tile modified Osborne method in a previous report. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for the protein fractions revealed that there was a little difference in the polypeptide composition of each fraction among four varieties. The comparision of hordeins and hordein-Is by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.0 showed a marked difference among the varieties. Hordein-I contained a high level of glutamic acid and proline and low level of lysine. And (here was little difference in amino acid composition of hordein-Is which were extracted from the 4 varieties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 1983

The intercellular material was extracted from rice leaf tissue. The quantitative tests of protein and soluble carbohydrate, and activity of peroxidase, showed differences between tissue extract and intercellular material. Also electrophoretic patterns of peroxidase and esterase isozymes were not similar between them. It indicated that the intercellular material which was extracted, was not the mixture of cellular materials.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.192-196
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• 2005

A study was conducted to monitor the changes in serum protein profile, cholesterol and blood glucose during endotoxic shock in buffalo calves and also to assess the role of prophylactic supplementation of vitamin E and selenium in alleviating the endotoxic effects. Fifteen male buffalo calves (6-8 months of age) were divided into three groups: Group I (control)-infused with 0.9% saline solution; Group II-infused with E. coli endotoxin at 5${\mu}g/kg$ body weight in normal saline solution; Group III- supplemented prophylactically with 250 mg vitamin E and 7.5 mg selenium by i/m injections at weekly intervals for one month prior to the induction of endotoxic shock. The blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the induction of shock. Endotoxin caused a significant (p<0.05) hypoproteinemia from 3-12 h post infusion in group II but this hypoproteinemia was less pronounced and only from 3-9 h post infusion in vitamin E and selenium supplemented calves. Hypoglycemia was observed in group II from 3-24 h and blood glucose level returned to normal at 72 h. However hypoglycemia was mild in group III and blood glucose returned to normal at 48h. Hypocholesterolaemia and hypoalbuminemia were found in both groups II and III but these changes were less pronounced in group III i.e. vitamin E and Se supplemented calves. Serum electrophoretic protein patterns of group III were quite similar to those of control group but animals of group II had different electrophoretic pattern. It was concluded that the antioxidant effects of vitamin E and Se prevent the liver against oxidative stress during endotoxic shock.