• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1997

Recent studies have demonstrated that apoptotic cell death plays an important role in the mechanism underlying follicular atresia and luteolysis. However, the mechanisms responsible for initiating these processes have not been elucidated. In in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs, it is highly possible that continuous and repeated administration of FSH/hMG and GnRH agonists for the usage of ovarian hyperstimulation may induce apoptotic death of granulosa cells leading to atresia in the human ovarian follicles. The present study was performed to investigate whether FSH/hMG and GnRh agonists used for a longer period in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation has any effect on the apoptosis of granulosa-luteal (GL) cells obtained from hyperstimulated ovaries. To examine apoptotic cell death in the GL cells, cells were stained with acridie orange followed by observed in some of GL cells. Similar but distinct staining of apoptotic GL cells was observed when the cells were examined by using in situ TUNEL method. The healthy-looking cells with normal nuclear morphology were not stained, whereas cells with pyknotic nuclei or with apoptotic nuclei were intensively stained. After examining the ultrastructural features of GL cells by TEM, it was confirmed that the majority of cells seemed to have normal nuclei while GL cells undergoing apoptotic cel death were rarely found. The DNA extracted from GL cells showed a typical pattern of fragmentation following DNA electrophoretic analysis. We have confirmed that the apoptosis occurs in granulosa-luteal cells obtained from hyperstimulated ovaries. Technically, in situ apoptosis detection method is simple and reproducible and is well suited to identify the quality of oocytes retrieved from hyperstimulated ovaries.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1986

Electrophoretic, immunological, and column chromatography methods were used to determine the appearance and distribution of storage proteins in various organs during the metamorphosis of Bombyx mori L. Two storage proteins start to appear in haemolymph in early 5th instar stage and show the identical mobility with fat body proteins. These proteins show the high concentration in haemolymph in last instar stage but accumulate in fat body after pupation. Storage protein-2 shows the distinct pattern for general storage proteins in both male and females. This protein is involved with the formation of cuticle protein in late last instar stage and appears to be temperally deposited in midgut during the pupal stage. Also SP-2 shows the identity with vitellogenin electrophoretically and immunologically and especially the positive reaction with antibody against yolk protein during the pupal stage, demonstrating that the storage protein is closely related to the formation of yolk protein.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 1986

Two kind of ${\beta}-glucosidase$, tightly-bound enzyme(TBE) and loosely-bound enzyme(LBE), were obtained from the conidia of Aspergillus nidulans. The existence of enzymes in conidia was conformed by the fact that these enzyme activities were proportional to the number of conidia. The levels of enzyme activities were independent of aging of the conidia. Enzymes were characterized partially. In spite of the physical and chemical treatments of conidia, there was no significant change in TBE activity. The optimum pH and temperature was 6.0 and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thermostability of the TBE was remarkably higher than that of mycelial ${\beta}-glucosidase$. The electrophoretic pattern of LBE was identical to that of mycelial ${\beta}-glucosidase$. These results suggest that conidial ${\beta}-glucosidase$ are involved in adaptation process of the conidia to variable environments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 1993

This study was carried out to examine the effects of phytate addition on the solubility and digestibility of the low-phytate soy protein isolate (LSPI) and high-phytate soy protein isolate (HSPI). In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soy protein isolate, different patterns of proteins were observed in both HSPI and LSPI at various phytate and pH levels, suggesting that phytate may bind specifically to certain protein fractions at a particular pH. For example, proteins of M.W $1.8{\sim}3.5\;kDa$ resisted phytate binding at acidic pH. LSPI was fractionated into albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutelin, and phytate was shown to bind with difficultly to all three gliadin bands. Effects of phytate on the pepsin digestibility of soy proteins were apparent, especially in the short term digestion.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1991

Mesophyll protoplasts of Nicoliana labacum ($NR^{-}/SR^{+}$) and N glulinosa were electrofused with AC field of 0.5 MHz and 1 kV DC pulse for 2 ms. Fused protoplasts were selected and cultured to the green cell clusters in $MSNO_3$ medium containing 1.2 mg!ml streptomycin sulfate. Four plant lines regenerated from selected colonies showed both parental morphological characteristics of leaf and flower and these plant lines were confirmed as somatic hybrids based on electrophoretic patterns of leaf peroxidase. In XhoI restriction patterns of chloroplast DNA, these hybrid plant lines expressed both parent common restriction sites and parent specific sites. One of these hybrid lines exhibited interspecific pattern of both parental chloroplast genomes. indicating nine both parent common sites, one N labacum specific site and two N glutinosa specific sites. sites.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 1987

In order to examine the appropriateness of types of pigskin as a raw material for gelatin production, comparison was made on the quality of gelatins made from raw and scalded pigskins. Raw and scalded pigskins were acidified in 1.7% HCl solution for 15-18 hr and then washed by tap water for 10 hr. After washing, pigskins were extracted at $60^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ to produce gelatins. Gelatins from raw pigskins appeared to be better in gel strength than those from scalded ones at all extraction temperatures. Gelatin yield was higher with raw than with scalded pigskins. With the increase of extraction temperature, the decrease in gel strength and viscosity was resulted in. More colored gelatins were produced with increasing extraction temperature in both raw materials. Electrophoretic pattern of gelatins showed that higher molecular weight fractions decreased with the increase of extraction temperature and pigskin gelatin had more complicated molecular composition than that of type B gelatin (alkali-treated gelatin).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 2012

Phosvitin was extracted from a chicken egg yolk and the iron-binding, along with antioxidative activity of the extracted phosvitin, was determined after mixing with ground beef at the concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/kg of meat. The electrophoretic pattern of the extracted phosvitin on SDS-PAGE was found to be identical to that of the standard phosvitin. The extracted phosvitin at $1,000{\mu}g$/mL showed an ability to bind approximately 65% of the iron in a 3 mM iron solution. Lipid oxidation was inhibited in the ground beef mixed with 500 mg/kg of the extracted phosvitin, during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ compared to that of the control (p<0.05). Additionally, color stability of ground beef containing the extracted phosvitin was enhanced (p<0.05). The pH, cooking loss, texture, and sensory properties of the ground beef were not affected, by adding up to 500 mg/kg of the extracted phosvitin. This result suggests that the phosvitin extracted from egg yolk could be used as an antioxidant reagent. In particular, phosvitin would be more amenable for use in meat products because it is a natural protein derived from animal products.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 1985

For the systematic investigation of biochemical characteristics of Korean ginseng protein, protein fractions were analyzed by the techniques of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The effect of pH and various salts on extractibility of ginseng protein were determined while the amino acid composition was studied by amino acid autoanalyzer. The protein was consisted of 66.08% of albumin and 20.51% of glutelin. Extractability of ginseng protein was the lowest in pH 3.0 and the highest in $pH\;6.0{\sim}8.0$. Among the neutral salts solution, $0.4M\;Na_2CO_3$ showed maximum extractability while $1.0M\;MgSO_4$ solution showed the least extractability. Resonable precipitation was obtained by 40% of acetone and ammonium sulfate. It has been shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that the soluble protein had 11 bands. The molecular weight for the main protein of the soluble protein wasestimated to be 43,000. In amino acid composition of water extracted protein, arginine content was the highest 47.17% while on the contray, proline and cystine contents were very low.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1998

We have previously demonstrated that specific antigens involved in autoimmunity in endometriosis may be endometrial proteins with molecular weight (mw) of 71, 92, and 103 kilodalton (kDa). The purposes of this study were to determine the incidence of IgG antibodies against these endometrial antigens in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis and to evaluate the antigenic differences between the endometria of patients with and without endometriosis. Forty peritoneal fluid (PF) from 24 patients with endometriosis and 16 patients without endometriosis (control patients) were tested against endometrial protein from patients (n=8) with endometriosis and from control patients (n=10) by western blot. Fifteen (62.5%) of 24 PF samples from patients with endometriosis had specific Immunoglobuiin (Ig) G antibodies against one of three endometrial proteins with mw of 71, 92 and 103 kDa but none of PF samples from control patients had these antibodies. The electrophoretic pattern of endometrial proteins from patients with endometriosis was similiar to that from control patients. Furthemore there was no significant difference in specific PF Immunoglobulin G binding to endometrial proteins regardless of origin of these proteins. Our data indicate that specific humoral immune response can be found in PF of patients with endometriosis and that specific antigens inducing this immune response are present in human endometrium and that there is no antigenic difference between the endometria of patients with and without endometriosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

We previously observed that Bacillus subtilis spores from sspE mutants presented a lower germination capacity in media containing high salt concentrations (0.9M NaCl). This deficiency was attributed to the absence of SASP-E (gamma-type small-acid-soluble protein), rich in osmocompatible amino acids released by degradation. Herein we observed that, in addition, this mutant spore presented a reduced capacity to use L-alanine as germinant (L-ala pathway), required longer times to germinate in calcium dipicolinate ($Ca^{2+}$-DPA), but germinated well in asparagine, glucose, fructose, and potassium chloride (AGFK pathway). Moreover, mild sonic treatment of mutant spores partially recovered their germination capacity in L-ala. Spore qualities were also altered, since sporulating colonies from the sspE mutant showed a pale brownish color, a higher adherence to agar plates, and lower autofluorescence, properties related to their spore coat content. Furthermore, biochemical analysis showed a reduced partition in hexadecane and a higher content of $Ca^{2+}$-DPA when compared with its isogenic wild-type control. Coat protein preparations showed a different electrophoretic pattern, in particular when detected with antibodies against CotG and CotE. The complementation with a wild-type sspE gene in a plasmid allowed for recovering the wild-type coat phenotype. This is the first report of a direct involvement of SASP-E in the spore coat assembly during the differentiation program of sporulation.