• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.129-137
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• 2013

As the usage of computer based systems continues to increase in our normal life, there are constant efforts to enhance the accessibility of information for handicapped people. For this, it is essential to develop new interface ways for physical disabled peoples by means of human-computer interface (HCI) or human-machine interface (HMI). In this paper, we developed HMI using electromyogram (EMG) and electrooculogram (EOG) for people with physical disabilities. Developed system is composed of two modules, hardware module for signal sensing and software module for feature extraction and pattern classification. To maximize ease of use, only two skin contact electrodes are attached on both ends of brow, and EOG and EMG are measured simultaneously through these two electrodes. From measured signal, nine kinds of command patterns are extracted and defined using signal processing and pattern classification method. Through Java based real-time monitoring program, developed system showed 92.52% of command recognition rate. In addition, to show the capability of the developed system on real applications, five different types of commands are used to control ER1 robot. The results show that developed system can be applied to disabled person with quadriplegia as a novel interface way.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

We proposed blink based online speller for the locked-in syndrome (LIS) patients, paralyzed in nearly all voluntary muscles expect for the eyes, with a simple and easy-to-use eye blink detection glasses. Electrooculogram (EOG) is the golden standard method of eye movement or blink measurement with Ag/AgCl electrodes. However, this method has several drawbacks such as skin irritation and dehydration of conductive gel. To resolve the shortcomings, we used a blink detection system based on a transparent capacitively coupled electrode, which is conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films. The films make it possible to measure eye blink without direct skin contact and obstruction of field of view. We finally developed user-friendly blink based online speller with the blink detection system. To classify voluntary and non-voluntary blink, we used the double blink for command of the speller. The online speller experiment result with six healthy subjects shows that mean accuracy is 98.96% and letter per minute (LPM) is 4.73, which are better result by comparison with conventional P300 or auditory brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of applying the proposed system as a communication method for the LIS patients.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.187-193
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• 2008

Interface technologies for a user to control home automation system in wearable computing environment has been studied recently. This paper proposes a new interface method for a disabled person to control home automation system in wearable computing environment by using EOG sensing circuit and marker recognition. In the proposed interface method, the operations of a home network device are represented with human readable markers and displayed around the device. A user wearing a HMD, a video camera, and a computer selects the desired operation by seeing the markers and selecting one of them with eye movement from the HMD display The requested operation is executed by sending the control command for the selected marker to the home network control device. By using the EOG sensing circuit and the marker recognition system a user having problem with moving hands and fit can manipulate a home automation system with only eye movement.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

Sleep stages have been useful indicator to check a person's comfortableness in a sleep, But the traditional method of scoring sleep stages with polysomnography based on the integrated analysis of the electroencephalogram(EEG), electrooculogram(EOG), electrocardiogram(ECG), and electromyogram(EMG) is too restrictive to take a comfortable sleep for the participants, While the sympathetic nervous system is predominant during a wakefulness, the parasympathetic nervous system is more active during a sleep, Cardiovascular function is controlled by this autonomic nervous system, So, we have interpreted the heart rate variability(HRV) among sleep stages to find a simple method of classifying sleep stages, Six healthy male college students participated, and 12 night sleeps were recorded in this research, Sleep stages based on the "Standard scoring system for sleep stage" were automatically classified with polysomnograph by measuring EEG, EOG, ECG, and EMG(chin and leg) for the six participants during sleeping, To extract only the ECG signals from the polysomnograph and to interpret the HRV, a Sleep Data Acquisition/Analysis System was devised in this research, The power spectrum of HRV was divided into three ranges; low frequency(LF), medium frequency(MF), and high frequency(HF), It showed that, the LF/HF ratio of the Stage W(Wakefulness) was 325% higher than that of the Stage 2(p＜.05), 628% higher than that of the Stage 3(p＜.001), and 800% higher than that of the Stage 4(p＜.001), Moreover, this ratio of the Stage 4 was 427% lower than that of the Stage REM (rapid eye movement) (p＜.05) and 418% lower than that of the Stage l(p＜.05), respectively, It was observed that the LF/HF ratio decreased monotonously as the sleep stage changes from the Stage W, Stage REM, Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, to Stage 4, While the difference of the MF/(LF+HF) ratio among sleep Stages was not significant, it was higher in the Stage REM and Stage 3 than that of in the other sleep stages in view of descriptive statistic analysis for the sample group.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2D
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

Due to the lack of judgement in an information processing on road sign, older drivers usually are having a hard time driving than young group. Furthermore, according to increasing in aging population, older drivers in Korea have been growing much faster. That means research for older drivers' characteristics and the number of guide name for road sign should be needed. In accordance with suggestions, this study was carried out the number of guide names for road sign with a variety of ages from the twenties to the seventies. For the sake of this study, statistical verification was conducted to confirm a change of speed, a reading time and a misreading rate with Driving Simulator and Electrooculogram tool. As the results of study, change of speed in the age range has shown that the higher the proportion of age, the lower the rate of velocity. Also reading time in the age range with regression analysis found that the higher the proportion of age, the higher the rate of reading time by 0.106sec. Finally, a binary logistic model was used to find the main factors. As the results, 4 number of guide names for road sign have been the best of them for older driver. The result of this study verified the importance of ideal guide numbers on road sign for older driver and proved itself to be an effective method to determine the road safety for the road signs.