• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 1999

This study introduced the new technologies that are expanding the realm of electronic commerce to the Internet and small business. Each of the key components of electronic commerce(contracts, signatures, notaries, payment systems and adult trails)are supported in the new electronic commerce. Electronic commerce is more than just handling purchase transactions and funds transfers over the internet. Despite Electronic commerce's past roots in transactions between large corporations, banks, and other financial institutions, the use of the internet as a way to bring Electronic commerce to the individual consumer has led to shift in viewpoint. Over the past few years, both the press and the business community have increased their focus on Electronic commerce involving the consumer Effective payment system should be established for the internet commerce. In this study, we examined the current development and application of Electronic payment system. Two different payment systems are used and under application. One is IC-card type of payment system which has gained popularity in England, Hong-Kong, and many other countries as a substitution of cash. The other type of payment system is e-cash, which is used more conveniently for the payment through internet. The question of which method is better fitted for the internet commerce should be evaluated in the view of cost and benefit since the associated technology is still under evolution. This study conducted a study on Secure Payment Method & Security Technology of Electronic Commerce

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.797-808
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• 2019

In a closed workplace, the management of the workplace is important because the environmental data at the workplace has a great influence on the safety of workers. Today's industrial sites are transformed into data-based factories that collect and analyze data through sensors in those sites, requiring a management system to ensure safety. In general, a safety management system stores and manages data on a central server associated with a database. Since such management system introduces high possibility of forgery and loss of data, workers often suspect the reliability of the information on the management system. In this paper, we present a worker safety management system based on the EOS blockchain which is considered as third-generation blockchain technology. The developed system consists of a set of smart contracts on the EOS blockchain and 3 decentralized applications associated with the blockchain. According to the roles of users, the worker and manager applications respectively perform the process of initiating or terminating tasks as blockchain transactions. The entire transaction history is distributed and stored in all nodes participating in the blockchain network, so forgery and loss of data is practically impossible. The system administrator application assigns the account rights of workers and managers appropriate for performing the functions, and specifies the safety standards of IoT data for ensuring workplace safety. The IoT data received from sensor platforms in workplaces and the information on initiation, termination or approval of tasks assigned to workers, are explicitly stored and managed in the EOS smart contracts.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.149-168
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• 2007

e-Trade Payment system has been transformed by quickly and effectively. The e-trade Payment system such as TradeCard System, Bolero Surf, Identrus Eleanor and e-Escrow and e-letter of Credit issued by SWIFT System enable partly sellers, buyers and service providers. This paper studies for SWIFT, Surf, TradeCard, Eleanor, e-Escrow as international trade payment, As reason following : The First, Bolero is a neutral secure platform enabling paperless trading between exporter, importer, and their logistics service and bank partners, insurance company. The Second, TradeCard is to manage procurement-to-payment worldwide, that is exporter, importer and connected partners, paperless platform. The Third, Identrus is the global leader in trusted identity solutions, recognized by global financial institutions, commercial organizations and bank partners around the world. The Forth, Escrow payment have effect to L/C issue and enter into electronic contracts in internet bank. Trader practice use Escrow Bank as the same bank that rules to Issuing Bank and Advising Bank and payment, acceptance. This paper of these electronic payment have studies new international trade payment to approach such as eUCP rules and TradeCard System, Surf of bolero, eleanor of Identrus, SWIFT.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to suggest formulation of collection development policies of electronic materials for special libraries related to economy and society. First, according to the basic directions and aims of special libraries, the written collection development policies should be codified. Second, the electronic materials selection committee or collection development committee should be formed at the organization level. Third, the special libraries should make advantageous contracts of purchase based on the cooperations between libraries through the formation of a consortium. Fourth, librarians in charge of collection development need to have substantial work abilities to cope with their role and expertism in the electronic environment. Fifth, to activate electronic materials, the strategy for budget increases should be made.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.12
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• pp.303-321
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• 1999

Electronic commerce, driven by the development of the Internet and computer, premises to be an important engine for growth for the world economy in th the 21st century. Electronic commerce offers considerable new opportunities for the business and citizens in all regions of the world by enhancing productivity across of our economics and encourage trade in both goods and services. Specially in relation to contract, electronic commerce requires a coherent, coordinated approach internationally on key issues such as a validity, a legality, consumer protection. Electronic commerce, which breaks down national boundaries and widens the gap between the place where services are performed and the place where they are consumed, requires a new paradigm when making an between contracting parties.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2019

Methylammonium lead triiodide ($MAPbI_3$)-based perovskite solar cells potentially have potential advantages such as high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing procedures. However, $MAPbI_3$ is structurally unstable and has low phase-change temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$); it is necessary to solve these problems. We investigated the crystal structure and phase separation using real-time temperature-change X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. $MAPbI_3$ has a tetragonal structure, and at about $35^{\circ}C$ the c-axis contracts, transforming $MAPbI_3$ into the related cubic crystal structure. In addition, at $130^{\circ}C$, phase separation occurs in which $CH_3NH_2$ and HI at the center of the unit cell of the perovskite structure are extracted by gas, leavingand only $PbI_2$ of the three-component structure, is produced as the final solid product.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2021

Blockchain technology is also actively studied in the real estate transaction field, and real estate transactions have various ways. In this paper, we propose a model that simplifies the authentication procedure of auction systems using Ethereum's Ether to solve the problem of offline court auctions. The proposed model is written in Ethereum's Solidity language, the court registers the sale date and the sale date with the DApp browser, and the bidder accesses the address of the individual's wallet created through Metamask's private key. The bidder then selects the desired sale and enters the bid price amount to participate in the auction. The bidder's record of the highest bid price for the sale he wants is written on the Ethereum test network as a smart contract. and creates a block. Finally, smart contracts written on the network are distributed by the court auction manager to all nodes in the blockchain network, and each node in the blockchain network can be viewed and contract verified. As a result of analyzing the smart contracts of the proposed model and the performance of the system, there are fees incurred due to the creation and use of Ether on platforms using Ethereum, and participation. Ether's changes in value affect the price of the sale, resulting in inconsistent fees in smart contracts each time. However, in future work, we issue our own tokens to solve the market volatility problem and commission problem with the value change of Ether, and refine complex court auction systems.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.137-158
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• 2003

The rapid growth of electronic commerce increases the potential for conflicts over contracts which have been entered into online(e.g. about price, late delivery, defects, specifications...). Using arbitration as a dispute resolution alternative is becoming increasingly popular especially in cases involving intellectual property rights and technology disputes since speed and secrecy are essential. The use of online dispute resolution(ODR) mechanisms to resolve such e-commerce conflicts is crucial for building business, consumer confidence and permitting access to justice in an online business environment. However, the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web in dispute resolution has an impact on the types of communication implied in the relevant processes(negotiation, mediation and arbitration). This paper deals with legal issues with respect to the practice of online arbitration. The paper begins with a brief introduction to the theories behind arbitration. These sections will be followed by a discussion on the specifics of online arbitration and the problems the process faces online arbitration by the legal community.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.435-459
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• 2011

The electronic trade(e-Trade) revolution is changing the international trade processes dramatically. It permits new kinds of interactions among exporting and importing firms as well as internally within the firms. Ever since the Internet became a popular communications medium in the 1990s, lawmakers have struggled to develop rules for determining which courts can hear disputes involving parties in different choice of law and jurisdictions. In conclusion, I suggest an ongoing research agenda for further refining and developing a more comprehensive cosmopolitan approach. Certainly, as these cases make clear, reconceptualizing the principles underlying court to-court relations is essential in a world where the idea of a transnational community of courts is fast becoming one of the dominant realities of twenty-first century law.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2002

This paper analyzes the legal issues concerning formation of insurance contracts by Internet. Electronic commerce has been growing very rapidly and internet insurance has begun to appear. This paper focuses on the features of internet insurance and current status of internet insurance in Korea. For now, internet insurance constitutes a relatively small portion of the whole insurance market. However it makes a great contribution to the insurance industry as a whole by providing customer with board information, and by learning to the creation of a new market.