• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1275-1276
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• 2008

In this study, a micro-cavity organic light-emittingdevice (OLED) with semi-transparent-Ag/AgO hole injecting layer (HIL) was fabricated and their performance was investigated. For the fabrication of OLEDs N,N-diphenyl-N,N-(3-methyphenyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4-4-diamine (TPD), known as a hole transporting material and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato)-aluminum ($Alq_3$) as both electron-transporting layer (ETL) and emission layer (EML) were deposited using thermal evaporation technique. And Al layer as cathode was then deposited using thermal evaporation technique. Effects of the semi-transparent-Ag/AgO layers on the resulting OLED performance were investigated.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.306-307
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• 2015

유기태양전지의 대표적 Hole Transporting Layer(HTL)로는 전도성 고분자인 PEDOT:PSS이다. PEDOT:PSS는 약산성의 물질로 전극을 부식시켜 디바이스의 효율을 감소시키기 때문에 PEDOT:PSS를 대체하기 위한 Buffer층에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어지고 있다. PEDOT:PSS를 대체할 수 있는 Nickel Oxide(NiO) Buffer 층은 wide band-gab으로 Hole Transporting Layer와 Electron Blocking Layer 역할을 동시에 하여 디바이스의 효율을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 디바이스의 수명을 향상시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있다. NiO는 용액공정과 Sputter 증착 방법으로 형성할 수 있는데, 용액공정은 고온공정이 요구되어지고 Sputter 증착방법은 산화되기 쉬운 전극위에서는 전극의 손상을 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위해서 Ni을 Magnetron Sputter로 증착한 후 Ion Beam 처리를 통해 산화시켜 NiO 층을 형성하는 방법을 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 NiO형성 방법으로 유기태양전지를 제작하여 PEDOT:PSS를 Buffer층으로 사용한 태양전지와 Voc가 0.72 V로 유사하게 나와 NiO가 Buffer층으로 잘 형성된 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.956-960
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• 2006

Deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with/without ultra-thin LiF layer inserted at the interface between hole-blocking and electron-transporting layers have been fabricated and investigated. The fundamental structures of the OLEDs are ITO/m-MTDATA/NPB/BCP/LiF (with/ without)/ $Alq_3/LiF/Al.Deep$ blue light emission with CIE coordinate of (0.15, 0.11) has been achieved for all devices. Further, by inserting LiF with thickness of 1nm at the interface between BCP and $Alq_3$ layer, the luminous efficiency as well as the power efficiency is much improved compared to that without. The enhancement of electron injection due to insertion of LiF may account for this improvement.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1281-1282
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• 2008

Low cost TCO(Transparent Conductive oxide) thin films were prepared by 3" DC/RF magnetron sputtering systems. For the AZO preparation processes a 99.99% AZO target (Zn: 98 wt.%, $Al_2O_3$: 2 wt.%) was used. In order to verify feasibility of the AZO thin films to organic light emitting device (OLED) application, test organic light emitting device was fabricated based on AZO as TCO, TPD as hole transporting layer (HTL), Alq3 as both emitting layer (EML) and electron transporting layer (ETL), and aluminium as cathode, where the both ITO and AZO surfaces were treated using $O_2$ RF plasma. The I-V characteristics of the AZO/TPD/Alq3/Al OLEDs were evaluated. As the results, the performance of the OLEDs with AZO as transparent conducting anode could be useable.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 1999

Recently, high luminance and efficiency were realize in organic thin film electroluminescence (EL) cells with multilayer structures including an emitting layer (EML), hole transporting layer (HTL), and an electron transporting layer (ETL). In this study, Bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium (Bebq2) was synthesized. PL and EL characteristics of their thin film were investigated by fabricating the devices having a structure of ITO/PVK/Bebq2/Al, ITO/PVK dispersed with TPD/Bebq2/Al. The EL color of these device was greenish and the wavelength of their EL peaks was located, respectly, at 495nm, and 492.5nm.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.42-45
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• 2009

We report simple structure red phosphorescent devices comprising only single organic layer structure. Maximum current efficiency of 9.44 cd/A and the driving voltage of 5.4 V are obtained in this single layer structure PHOLEDs, respectively. The mixed host system using electron transporting and hole transporting materials doped with $Ir(piq)_3$ provides such high efficiency and reasonable driving voltage. The principal to simplification is the direct charges injection from the metallic electrodes into mixed host materials.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2012

공액고분자 전해질 전자수송층을 이용하는 고분자 발광소자의 정전용량을 측정하는 것은 전류밀도-전압-발광특성을 측정하는 방법과 더불어 전자수송층으로서 공액고분자 전해질의 기능을 이해하기 위한 소자물리 연구에서 중요한 정보를 제공해준다. 본 연구에서는 고분자 전해질의 반대 이온의 종류에 따라 저주파수 영역에서 정전용량의 거동이 변화하는 것으로부터 전하 주입의 메카니즘에서 차이점이 있음을 분석하였다. 정전용량 모델을 이용한 분석은 전자주입 메카니즘이 음극/전자수송층/발광층 사이의 계면에서 발생하는 쌍극자 배열 또는 전하수송체의 축적에 의한 것임을 나타내었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.285-295
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• 1999

Electroluminescent(EL) devices based on organic materials have been of great interest due to their possible applications for large-area flat-panel displays. They are attractive because of their capability of multi-color emission, and low operation voltage. An approach to realize such device characteristics is to use active layers of lanthanide complexes with their inherent extremely sharp emission bands in stead of commonly known organic dyes. In general, organic molecular compounds show emission due to their $\pi$-$\pi*$ transitions resulting in luminescence bandwidths of about 80 to 100nm. Spin statistic estimations lead to an internal quantum efficiency of dye-based EL devices limited to 25%. On the contrary, the fluorescence of lanthanide complexes is based on an intramolecular energy transfer from the triplet of the organic ligand to the 4f energy states of the ion. Therefore, theoretical internal quantum efficiency is principally not limited. In this study, Powders of TPD, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen) and AlQ_3$ in a boat were subsequently heated to their sublimation temperatures to obtain the growth rates of 0.2~0.3nm/s. Organic electrolumnescent devices(OELD) with a structure of $glass substrate/ITO/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI, glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI and glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AIQ_3AI$ structures were fabricated by vacuum evaporation method, where aromatic diamine(TPD) was used as a hole transporting material, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ as an emitting material, and Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)Aluminum$(AlQ_3)$ as an electron transporting layer. Electroluminescent(EL) and current density-voltage(J-V) characteristics of these OELDs with various thickness of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ layer were investigated. The triple-layer structure devices show the red EL spectrum at the wavelength of 613nm, which is almost the same as the photoluminescent(PL) spectrum of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$.It was found from the J-V characteristics of these devices that the current density is not dependent on the applied field, but on the electric field.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.315-318
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• 1998

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) or electroluminescent devices have attracted much attention because of their possible application as large-area light-emitting displays. Their structure was based on employing a multilayer device structure containing an emitting layer and a carrier transporting layer of suitable organic materials. In this study, several Tb complexes such as Tb(ACAC)$_3$(Phen), Tb(ACAC)$_3$(Phen-Cl) and Tb(TPB)$_3$(Phen) were synthesized and the photoluminescence(PL) and electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of their thin films were investigated by fabricating the devices having a structure of anode/HTL/terbium-oomplex/ETL/cathode, where TPD was used as an hole transporting and Alq$_3$ and TAZ-Si were used as an electron transporting materials. It was found that the photoluminescence(PL) and electroluminescence(EL) characteristics of these terbium complexes were dependent upon the ligands coordinated to terbium metal. Details on the explanation of electrical transport phenomena of the structure with I-V characteristics of the OLEDs using the trapped-charge-limited current(TCLC) model will be discussed.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 1997

Highly quantum efficient and multi-color emissible polymer light emitting devices have been realized utilizing poly (1-dodecyloxy-4-methyl-1, 3-phenylene)(2, 5"-terthienylene)(hereafter, mPTTh polymer) as an emitting layer and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) as an electron transport layer. A single layer EL device of mPTTh polymer emits orange-colored light. EL efficiency increases as the thickness of Alq3 layer increases, but the emission color becomes visually broad when the Alq3 layer thickness is greater than 30nm since the relative peak intensity of green EL from Alq3 layer grows. EL color is changed from orange to greenish orange as the thickness of Alq3 layer grows. EL color is changed from orange to greenish orange as the thickness of Alq3 layer increases. EL efficiency of the double layer device was greatly enhanced by 3000 times compared with that of a single layer device. Alq3 layer in device acts as a hole blocking electron transporting layer and an emitting layer as a function of the thickness of Alq3 layer.ayer.