• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol on cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in seven dogs. Propofol infusion was accomplished from low concentration to high concentration in series, and each concentration was infused for 20 minutes (M0: 0, M0.5: 0.5, M1.0:1.0, and M1.5: 1.5 mg/kg/min of infusion rate). EEG was recorded via needle electrode placed at Cz, which was applied to International 10-20 system. Arterial blood pressure. blood gas analysis and ECG were also measured. Hoemodynamics, Pa$CO_2$, PaO$_2$, heart rate and respiratory rate were variable, but were net significant(p>0.05). The power spectra of EEG in every concentration was compared wish those of control (MO). The powers at a1l frequencies at M1.0 and Ml.5 were decreased. Especially, the powers of the frequencies over 20 Hz were significantly decreased (p<0.O5). Powers at frequencies between 8 and 15Hz at MO.S were significantly increased (p<0.05) in response to the painful stimuli. It was inferred that they may reflect activity of the brain which is consciously processing the external Stimuli. Like the Power spectra, al1 the band powers of He EEG ($\delta$ 1-4, $\theta$4-8, $\alpha$ 8-13, $\beta$L13-21. $\beta$H 21-30, \ulcorner 30-50, and total 1-5OHz) were decreased in proportion to the increase of infusion rate at M1 .0 and M1.5. Especially, decrease of $\beta$H and ${\gamma}$ were significant(p<0.01). At M0.5, $\alpha$ band was significantly increased(p<0.05) among all the bands. Seizure activities which were concide with occurrence of spike wave were shown in all dogs at Ml .0 and M1.5.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2009

Longanae Arillus (the rind of fruits of Dimocarpus longan) has been consumed for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety in Asia. To provide further scientific basis to traditional uses of this fruit on insomnia, we evaluated the effects of methanol extract of Longanae Arillus (MELA) on the alteration of sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra in acutely and chronically restraint-stressed rats. Following postsurgical recovery, Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after MELA administration in rats. Rats in the acute stress and chronic stress were administered with MELA for 10 days. On the $8^{th},\;9^{th}\;and\;10^{th}$ day of MELA administration, the rats were stressed for 3 h once per day. On the $10^{th}$ day and 1 h after MELA administration, the rats were stressed once for 22 h in the chronic stress group. Acute and chronic stress induced alternations in cortex EEG recordings during non-rapid eye movement (NREM), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. MELA shortened the total and REM sleep and increased the wakefulness in night time recording without changing daytime recordings. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and REM sleep, decreased total and NREM sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep without changing total sleep and wakefulness in night time recording. These findings suggest that MELA ameliorated the alterations in REM and NREM sleep of acutely and chronically stressed rats via modulation of cortical ${\alpha}-$, ${\theta}-$ and ${\delta}-$ wave activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2008

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the homeostatic regulation of sleep architecture by the ethanol extract of Korea red ginseng (KRG), since the available data were often controversial. In addition, it was also interested in whether the sleep-wake stages were differently affected by low and high doses of KRG. Each adult Wistar male rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. After one week of surgery, polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 12 h (between 9:00 am and 9:00 pm) after KRG administration. KRG (10 and 100 mg/kg) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as total sleep. The total percentages of wakefulness were decreased comparably. KRG (10 mg/kg) decreased the power density of the ${\delta}-wave$ (0.75-4.5 Hz) and increased ${\alpha}-wave$ (8.0-13.0 Hz) in the NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. KRG also decreased ${\delta}-wave$ power density in wake time. However, KRG (100 mg/kg) increased ${\delta}-wave$ and decreased ${\theta}-wave$ (5.0-9.0 Hz) power density in wake time, while showed little effect on the power density in NREM and REM sleep. In conclusion, low and high doses of KRG increase spontaneous sleep and NREM sleep and differently regulate the EEG spectra in REM and NREM sleep.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2010

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the regulation of sleep architecture by the red ginseng water extract (RGE) in acutely and chronically restraint stressed rats. Adult rats were fitted with sleep.wake recording electrodes. Following post-surgical recovery, rats were extensively habituated for freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after RGE administration and induction of stress and were analyzed to understand the regulation of sleep architecture. Acute stress decreased wakefulness and increased total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in both the daytime and nighttime recording. RGE shortened the daytime NREM and REM sleep, without changing the wakefulness and total sleep. RGE increased nighttime wakefulness, and decreased total, NREM and REM sleep. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and decreased total sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep in both the day and night time recording. RGE ameliorated chronic stress and induced alterations of REM and NREM sleep in the day and night time sleep architecture. Acute and chronic stress could also induce alternations in cortex electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during NREM, REM sleep and wakefulness. These findings suggest that RGE may modulate the sleep behavior in acutely and chronically stressed rats and the ameliorating effect of RGE on the sleep architecture may involve in modulation of $\alpha$-, $\theta$- and $\delta$- wave activities of the cortical EEG.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2010

This study aimed to investigate the effect of four common types of Qigong position (standing, sitting, supine, and horse-riding position) on the autonomic nervous system. Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study once a week for four weeks. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured three times (before, during, and after the position) while the subject maintained one of four positions for ten minutes. There were significant changes in HRV components compared with EEG power spectra in the standing position. Especially, the ratio of low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) which represents a state of balance of autonomic nervous system was increased. In the sitting position, $\beta$ wave which reflects a state of alert consciousness was increased and both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves were activated. On the other hand, in the spine position, $\theta$ wave which signifies a state of relaxation was increased and heart rate (HR) was decreased. Activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves was also observed in this position. Significant increases of indices related to awakening and concentration were observed accompanied by increase of HR and a sympathetic nerve was activated in the riding-horse position. In the present study, it was shown that each Qigong position caused various and significant changes in autonomic nervous system. It would be expected that these results can be applied in the choice of appropriate Qigong position according to objective of Qigong therapy although it is remained to further evaluate the effects of long-term maintenance of Qigong positions and repeated Qigong training.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022년도 제66차 하계학술대회논문집 30권2호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2022

In this work, we studied consumers' attractiveness/usefulness perceptions (CAUP) of online commerce product photos when exposed to alternative dark/light user interface (UI) modes. We analyzed time-series EEG data from 31 individuals and performed neuroscience mining (NSM) to ascertain (a) how the CAUP of products differs among UI modes; and (b) which deep learning model provides the most accurate assessment of such neuroscience mining (NSM) business difficulties. The dark UI style increased the CAUP of the products displayed and was predicted with the greatest accuracy using a unique EEG power spectra separated wave brainwave 2D-ConvLSTM model. Then, using relative importance analysis, we used this model to determine the most relevant power spectra. Our findings are considered to contribute to the discovery of objective truths about online customers' reactions to various user interface modes used by various online marketplaces that cannot be uncovered through more traditional research approaches like as surveys.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2010

Background : Recently a discussion about Qi including a study about the effect or the theory of acupuncture is getting prevailing in various angles. In most of studies about acupuncture stimulus, 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) is used. A study about Nine kinds of acupuncture(九鍼), except 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) has not been reported yet, and there is no study about using a special acupuncture made for controling Qi either. Objectives : 'Dong Chu Gold Chim(DCG-chim, 東樞金鍼)' can be used for patients who are scared of a pain because it is a medical Qi-gong tool and non-invasive stimulus one. To assess a effect of Qi-gong operation using DCG-chim objectively Methods : The present study was performed to elucidate the effects of DCG-chim stimulation of an acupuncture point Baihui($GV_{20}$) on the Electroencephalogram(EEG). Twenty healthy subject were treated with DCG-chim one time accompanied by the light and vertical pressure and EEG were measured during five minutes for three times (before, during and after treatment). The EEG results of DCG-chim treatment were compared with those of 'Filiform acupuncture(毫鍼)'. Results : EEG power spectra changed significantly after both kind of acupuncture stimulation. Significant increase of $\alpha$ wave and decrease of $\beta$ wave were observed but interestingly, Mid-$\beta$ and SMR of $\beta$ wave which mean the state of concentration were increased with statistically significant. According to these results, DCG-chim stimulation of Baihui($GV_{20}$) seems to lead to relaxation with antianxietic effect and improvement of concentration at the same time. Conclusions : It would be expected that the doctor can apply DCG-chim for treating anxiety, tension, symptom caused by stress and also can use it clinically for patients who have needlphopia or children as a non-invasive procedure. It is suggested that additional studies about the effect of DCG-chim on other acupuncture points and comparison study about the effect of DCG-chim with those of the finger-pressure treatment using other tool should be done in the future.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 1996

흰쥐에 thioacetamide(TAA)를 투여하면 간성뇌장애가 유발된다. 두가지 행동 상태(꼬리 접촉자극 및 미자극)와 세 단계의 신경학적 이상의 단계(정상, 약한 운동실조, 심한 운동실조)별로 뇌파를 기록하였고, 뇌파 스펙트럼 및 대역 분석을 통하여 간성뇌장애 진행동안 뇌파의 정량적인 변동을 관찰하였다. 정상 쥐에서 자극은 $theta(3.5{\sim}8\;Hz)$ 및 $gamma(30{\sim}50\;Hz)$ 대역의 power을 증가시켰다. 운동실조가 있는 쥐에서 이러한 변화가 일어나지 못하였다. 꼬리 자극을 하는 상태에서 theta 대역의 변화는 gamma 대역의 변화 보다 더욱 일찍 관찰되었다. 신경학적 행동 단계가 심해짐에 따라서 $beta3(21{\sim}30\;Hz)$ 및 gamma 대역에서 power가 점차적으로 감소하였다. 또한 간성뇌장애의 신경학적 증상은 benzodiazepine계 물질에 의하여 야기된다는 가설이 있으므로 beta power의 증가가 관찰될 것으로 기대하였으나 이 연구에서는 관찰하지 못하였다. 이 결과들로 미루어 볼때 이 연구에 사용된 스펙트럼 및 대역 분석이 간성뇌장애동안 신경학적 증상의 정도를 정량화 할 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 수술이나 환자 모니터링시 무의식 상태 환자의 뇌혈류량에 대한 정확한 모니터링으로 뇌허혈 현상을 방지하기 위하여 2채널 양극성 아날로그 EEG를 디지털로 처리하여 다양한 뇌파 관련 파라미터를 추출하여 실시간으로 한 화면에 디스플레이하고, 또한 임상의사들이 사용하기 편리한 뇌파 감시 소프트웨어를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 EEG-데이터를 FFT 연산 후 CSA 및 DSA의 형태로 표현하며, 기타 다양한 뇌파관련 파라미터를 추출한 후 한 화면에서 실시간으로 디스플레이하고, 사용 편리성도 극대화하도록 프로그램하였다. 프로그램은 개발 도중에 여러 번의 동물실험 및 임상실험을 통하여 개선 보완되었으며, EEG, CSA, DSA 및 알파비, 퍼센트 델타 스펙트럼 모서리 주파수, 전체 파워, 전체 파워의 차 등의 주요 뇌파 파라미터들을 한 화면에서 관찰하게 되어 환자 상태의 종합적인 간찰이 가능하며, 나중에 저장된 EEG 파일을 재검토할 수 있다. 또한 CSA, DSA, 스펙트럼 모서리 주파수 및 전체 파워는 원하는 부분에서 표본을 취해 화면 위쪽에 최대 3개까지 붙여 놓고 동시에 비교할 수 있으므로 환자 상태의 객관적인 비교가 가능하고, 환자상태, 응급처치 등에 대한 기록사항을 입력할 수 있어서 저장된 EEG 파일의 검토시 이들 event로 즉시 찾아가는 기능이 있으며, 그 외에도 앞 뒤 점프 이동 기능, 이득 조절 기능, 윈도우 환경에서의 파일관리 기능 등을 갖추고 있고, 프로그램이 윈도우 환경에서 개발되어 마우스에 의해 대부분의 동작이 이루어진다. 개발된 프로그램을 이용한 대학병원의 임상실험결과, 환자상태의 변화에 매우 민감하게 반응하고, 또한 임상의사들이 이용하기에도 매우 편리하다는 평가를 받았다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2010

This experiment was undertaken to investigate whether methanol extract of fruit peel of Dimocarpus longan Lour. (MEFL) protects against kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure. Oral administration of MEFL (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) increased KA (50 mg/kg)-induced survival rate and latency of convulsion onset, and deceased seizure scores and weight loss induced by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of KA in mice. In addition, MEFL protected against cell death in the hippocampus of rat brain after KA-administration as analyzed by using TUNEL assay in rats. MEFL also significantly blocked seizure-form of electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra induced by KA in rats. MEFL also inhibited elevation of [$Ca^{2+}$]i and increased [$Cl^-$]i induced by KA in cultured neuronal cells. Therefore, it is suggested that MEFL protects against seizure induced by KA, decreasing [$Ca^{2+}$]i.