• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.227-241
• /
• 2008

This article involves a unified treatment of equilibrium thermodynamics of the chemical reaction coupled with other interfacial (phase boundary) reactions. The modified (restrictive) chemical potential ${\mu}_k^+$, such as electrochemical potential, hydrostatic-chemical (mechanochemical) potential (exceptionally in the presence of the pressure difference) and surface-chemical potential, was first introduced under the isothermal and isobaric conditions. This article then enlightened the equilibrium conditions in case where the release of chemical energy is counterbalanced by the supply of electrical energy, by the supply of hydrostatic work (exceptionally in the presence of ${\Delta}p$), and finally by the release of surface energy, respectively, at constant temperature T and pressure p in terms of the modified chemical potential ${\mu}_k^+$. Finally, this paper focussed on the difference between chemical and electrochemical equilibria based upon the fundamentals of the isothermal and isobaric equilibrium conditions described above.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 1994

Electrochemical and thermodynamic properties of $MmNi_5$ and the related alloys for nickel-metal hydride battery(Ni-MH) were studied in terms of the equilibrium hydrogen pressure. $MmNi_5$ alloy with high equilibrium hydrogen pressure(10~20atm at room temperature), which is usually difficult to charge, was substituted for Al in part. Partial substitution of Al made not only the equilibrium pressure to be reduced remarkably, but also the enthalpy change depending on the formation of metal hydride to be agreed to the value in gas phase reaction and electrochemical reaction. Besides the composition of Al which can be given the maximum discharge capacity was turned out to be between the 0.5~1.0 atoms of Al.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2003

The absorption of water into an anti-corrosive organic coating, such as alkyd and urethane resin coating, was investigated, using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Anticorrosive properties of the coatings were also measured, by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The overall absorption of water in the coating is determined by the chemical nature of resin, and decreases with increasing thickness. The enhancement of anti-corrosive performance, through increase of coating thickness, was more remarkable in the case of the coating that hadlower equilibrium water absorption. The absorption kinetics curves were Fickian in nature. The EIS analysis confirmed that the resin, having lower equilibrium water absorption, shows higher anti-corrosive performan.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.731-738
• /
• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 과학고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 설문지 조사와 면담을 통해 화학 전지에 대한 개념 이해를 분자적 수준의 미시적 관점에서 화학 평형과 연계하여 분석하는 것이다. 과학고등학교 학생들은 전극을 전해질에 담그자마자 전극의 금속이 산화되는 반응과 금속 이온이 환원되는 반응이 동시에 일어난다는 것과 화학 전지의 화학 평형 상태를 고르는 것에 대한 이해는 높았다. 그러나 전극과 전해질 사이에서 일어나는 상호작용을 미시적 관점으로 이해하는 데는 어려움을 겪고 있어, 화학 전지에서의 전위차 발생, 전자의 흐름, 반쪽 전지의 전위 측정, 산화전극과 환원전극 사이의 전지 전위값 계산하기 등에서는 어려움을 겪었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.6-6
• /
• 2001

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
• /
• pp.482-483
• /
• 2006

Synthesis of iron nanopowder by room-temperature electrochemical reduction process of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ nanopowder was investigated in terms of phase evolution and microstructure. As process variables, reduction time and applied voltage were changed in the range of $1{\sim}20$ h and $30{\sim}40$ V, respectively. From XRD analyses, it was found that volume of Fe phase increased with increasing reduction time and applied voltage, respectively. The crystallite size of Fe phase in all powder samples was less than 30 nm, implying that particle growth was inhibited by the reaction at room temperature. Based on the distinct equilibrium shape of crystalline particle, phase composition of nanoparticles was identified by TEM observation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제28권9호
• /
• pp.1523-1530
• /
• 2007

The first reduction peak of the cyclic voltammogram (CV) for sulfur reduction in dimethyl sulfoxide has been studied using time resolved Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (FTEIS) analysis of small potential step chronoamperometric currents. The FTEIS analysis results reveal that the impedance signals obtained during short potential steps can be resolved into electron transfer reactions of two different time constants in a high frequency region. The FTEIS method provides snap shots of impedance profiles during an earlier phase of the reaction, leading to time resolved EIS measurements. Our results obtained by the FTEIS analysis are consistent with a series of electron transfer and chemical equilibrium steps of a complex reaction, making up an ECE (electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical) mechanism postulated from the results of computer simulation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.440-447
• /
• 2006

Solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) membrane with electrodes embedded on both faces offer unique possibilities for the electrochemical cells like water electrolyzer with fuel cell. The Nafion 117 membrane was used as the SPE, and $Pt(NH_3)_4Cl_2$ and $NaBH_4$ as the electrocatalysts and reducing agent, respectively. The 'impregnation-reduction(I-R) method' has been investigated as a tool for the preparation of electrocatalysts for water electrolyzer by varying the concentration of reducing agent and reduction time at fixed concentration of platinum salt, 5 mmol/L. Pt-SPE electrocatalysts prepared by non-equilibrium I-R method showed the lowest cell voltage of 2.17 V at reduction time, 90 min and with concentration of reducing agent 0.8 mol/L and the cell voltage with those by equilibrium I-R method was 2.42 V at reduction time, 60 min and with concentration of reducing agent 0.8 mol/L. The cell voltage were obtained at a current density $1\;A/cm^2$ and $80^{\circ}C$. In water electrolysis, hydrogen production efficiency by Pt-SPE electrocatalyst is 68.2% in case of non-equilibrium I-R method and 61.2% at equilibrium I-R method.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 1997

Laves상 $ZrV_2$합금은 다량의 수소를 저장하지만 수소와의 결합력이 강하여 Ni-MH전지의 전극으로는 부적당하다. 전극에 응용하기 위해 $ZrV_2$합금중의 V의 일부를 Ni로 치환하여 수소와의 결합력을 약하게 하였다. 이와 같은 Zr-V-Ni계 합금에 대해 전기화학적 성질, 전극의 평형전위로부터 합금중의 수소의 열역학적성질 및 2차전지전극에의 응용가능성을 조사하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제26권11호
• /
• pp.1783-1789
• /
• 2005

Modeling of a steam generator crevice in a nuclear power system needs to take into account both thermalhydraulic and chemical phenomena. As a first step towards developing a reliable model, a chemical equilibrium model was developed to predict chemical speciation in a magnetite-packed crevice by adopting the “tableau” method. The model was benchmarked with the available experimental data and the maximum deviation did not exceed two orders of magnitude. The developed model was applied to predict the chemical speciation in a magnetite-packed crevice. It was predicted that caustic environment was developed by the concentration of NaOH and the dissolution of magnetite. The model indicated that the dominant aqueous species of iron in the caustic crevice was $FeO_2\;^-$. The increase of electrochemical corrosion potential observed in the experiment was rationalized by the decrease of dissolved hydrogen concentration due to a boiling process. It was predicted that under the deaerated condition magnetite was oxidized to hematite.