• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2017

This study concerned the analysis on the efficiency of the conversion of water tank type supply system to direct water supply system to examine the feasibility of the conversion, as well as the calculation of optimal conversion range that enables the supply of safe, high-quality water at stable pressure in accordance with the standards of water supply facility. The results of this research showed that when converting water supply system from water tank type supply system to direct water supply system, more nodal points could be properly converted and more reduction of electricity usage was expected in case water pressure rather than residence time was fixed. This means that higher efficacy can be obtained by fixing water pressure when converting water supply system. However, since the number of the locations that received on-spot inspection was small and the electricity usage measured was not exclusively by water supply facility, it is difficult to judge that such reduction of electricity usage accurately represents reduced electricity usage by water supply facility alone. therefore, after having secured on-spot information about a larger number of locations in apartment complexes that have converted water supply system, and utilizing information about electricity usage exclusively by water supply facility, the proposed method of this research could be applied to accurately deducing expected reduction of electricity usage by water supply facilities of various other apartment complexes. It is also considered possible to deduce an effective operation method of water supply system by finding out an area that shows low pressure or low residual chlorine concentration in the optimal conversion range of water supply, followed by estimating the proper location of pumping station or the proper chlorine dosage at the power purification plant that supply water to the target area.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2020

현행 국내의 주택용 전기요금은 월 전력 사용량에 따라 누진 단계를 적용하여 부과하는 방식으로 전기사용량이 많을 경우 전기요금이 급격하게 상승하는 구조로 이루어져 있다. 이러한 획일화된 전기요금 누진제는 소비자의 전력소비 패턴에 대한 고려가 부족한 점과 소비자의 선택권을 제한하는 측면에서 한계가 있다. 이에 산업통상자원부와 한국전력공사에서 계절과 시간대별 전기사용량에 따라 전기요금을 부과하는 방식인 주택용 계시별 요금제 기반의 실증이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대도시 소재 아파트 단지 5개동 362세대의 5년간 AMI 데이터 분석을 통해 10개의 전기사용 패턴을 도출하였다. 도출된 패턴을 국내의 기존 요금제인 주택용 전기요금제 및 현재 실증에 적용하고 있는 계시별 요금제인 일반형과 집중형 요금제 등 3개 요금제와 미국과 호주의 계시별 요금제 3개에 적용하여 각 패턴 별 선택형 요금제의 효과를 전기요금 편익 측면에서 분석한 결과 기존 요금제 대비 5개 패턴에서는 편익이 발생하였고 5개 패턴에서는 오히려 전기요금이 증가하였으며 이러한 현상은 실증 중인 국내요금을 포함하여 해외 요금제에서도 동일한 현상을 보이고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권11호
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• pp.1536-1541
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• 2018

For effective electricity consumption in urban railway station such as peak load shaving, it is important to know each electrical load pattern by various usage. The total electricity consumption in the urban railway substation is already measured in Korea, but the electricity consumption for each usage is not measured. The author proposed the deep learning method to estimate the electrical load pattern for each usage in the urban railway substation with public data such as weather data. GRU (gated recurrent unit), a variation on the LSTM (long short-term memory), was used, which aims to solve the vanishing gradient problem of standard a RNN (recursive neural networks). The optimal model was found and the estimation results with that were assessed.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.261-265
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• 2008

To solve the lack of housing, our country has supplied an enormous volume of apartments, and these days it occupies 75% of our buildings. As apartments occupy most of our housings, the rate of energy usage from them are also high. On this, setting apartment energy reduction as a target, by researching the actual conditions of energy consumption and drawing a basis data, we can apply this as a way of saving energy, rationalization of the scale of energy supply facilities and a standard when planning facilities. To grasp the present condition of energy usage of the urban rental apartment, this research analysed the use of electricity, gas and water monthly and annually of a rental apartment that is located in Daegu. The results showed that in 2003 the electricity usage was 1,198MWh but 1,315MWh in 2007, which means 9% of electricity usage increases every year. The average of water usage was $85,072m^2$ per year and they used $604.2MJ/m^2$ Typical energy consumption unit on $74.4m^2$ of area and $448.8MJ/m^2$ on $105.8m^2$. By showing the usage of energy and water of the urban rental apartment, understanding the tendency and preparing an Typical energy consumption unit standard through this research, apartments should use energy more efficiently.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Efficient groundwater management requires accurate information about the water volume used. The pumped volume of groundwater can be indirectly estimated using empirical formulae based on electric power consumption. The purpose of this study is to test the accuracy of this indirect method. The Haean basin in Gangwon is located in a rural area, where majority of the groundwater extracted is used for irrigation. The pumped volume of groundwater indirectly estimated from electricity usage using these empirical formulae was compared with the actual pumped volume determined by conducting experiments on April 29 and May 19, 2017. The field survey collected data on electricity usage, pumped volume, and groundwater levels. Based on this measured data, correlations were calculated between electricity usage and pumping volume, as well as groundwater level and pumping rate. The results show that electricity usage and pumped volume measured for both wells (YHE1 and YHE2) are highly correlated (r=0.99, p<0.001). However, for YHE1, notably, the correlation between the groundwater level and pumping rate was not significant, and only some correlations were identified for these variables for the YHE2 test well. The average error with respect to the estimation of the actual pumped volume from the existing formula (1) and formulae (2) and (3) are +399% and -88%, respectively. To reduce these errors, these formulae need to consider other factors affecting the pumped volume.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

An utilization of electricity usage measured data by region and time through the consumer portal system for building and large consumer are suggested. Electricity usage data by region and time can't be measured by traditional approach. A measured data from smart meters which are installed various regions can be utilized to set up a management of electricity peak demand.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.969-977
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 Hierarchical K-means 군집화 알고리즘을 이용해 서울의 A아파트 가구들의 전력 사용량 패턴을 군집화 하였다. 차원을 축소해주면서 패턴을 파악할 수 있는 Hierarchical K-means 군집화 알고리즘은 기존 K-means 군집화 알고리즘의 단점을 보완하여 최근 대용량 전력 사용량 데이터에 적용되고 있는 방법론이다. 본 연구에서는 여름 저녁 피크 시간대의 시간당 전력소비량 자료에 대해 군집화 알고리즘을 적용하였으며, 다양한 군집 개수와 level에 따라 얻어진 결과를 비교하였다. 결과를 통해 사용량에 따라 패턴이 군집화 됨을 확인하였으며, 군집화 유효성 지수들을 통해 이를 비교하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-178
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• 2016

본 논문은 실시간으로 측정되는 자동원격검침(AMR) 전력수요량을 사용하여 산업별 전력수요의 기온효과에 대한 특성과 패턴을 분석하였다. AMR 전력사용량의 시계열적 특징으로부터 장기 추세효과와 중기 기온효과 그리고 단기 특수일 효과로 구성되는 공적분 모형을 구축하고, 기온효과를 연속적인 기온반응함수를 통하여 분석하기 위하여 기온반응함수를 푸리에 플렉서블 폼(Fourier Flexible Form; FFF) 비선형 함수로 추정하였다. 추정 결과 도출된 기온반응함수와 기온효과를 통하여 기온효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나는 서비스업군과 기온효과가 미약하게 나타나는 제조업군으로 구분하였다. 그리고 기온효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나는 서비스업군을 기온반응함수의 추정치에 근거하여 여름피크 산업과 겨울피크 산업으로 구분하였다. 이러한 실증분석 결과는 산업별, 계절별 전력수요관리정책 수립에 정책적 기초를 제공한다. 또한 실시간으로 측정되는 AMR 전력수요량 분석이라는 점에서 시차의 발생없이 신속하게 전력수요관리에 반영될 수 있다는 의미가 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.97-115
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• 2022

Smart power grid is a user friendly system that transforms the traditional electric grid to the one that operates in a co-operative and reliable manner. Demand Response (DR) is one of the important components of the smart grid. The DR programs enable the end user participation by which they can communicate with the electricity service provider and shape their daily energy consumption patterns and reduce their consumption costs. The increasing demands of electricity owing to growing population stresses the need for optimal usage of electricity and also to look out alternative and cheap renewable sources of electricity. The solar and wind energy are the promising sources of alternative energy at present because of renewable nature and low cost implementation. The proposed work models a smart home with renewable energy units. The random nature of the renewable sources like wind and solar energy brings an uncertainty to the model developed. A stochastic dual descent optimization method is used to bring optimality to the developed model. The proposed work is validated using the simulation results. From the results it is concluded that proposed work brings a balanced usage of the grid power and the renewable energy units. The work also optimizes the daily consumption pattern thereby reducing the consumption cost for the end users of electricity.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

It has been a serious problem to consume the energy of apartment while increasing to use of heating & cooling System because of residence environmental upgrades. Great attention has been shown to the problem of the rental apartment, so there are few reports of energy consumption about the rental apartment in korea. To solve the lack of housing, our country has supplied an enormous volume of apartments, and these days it occupies 75% of our buildings. As apartments occupy most of our housings, the rate of energy usage from them are also high. On this, setting apartment energy reduction as a target, by researching the actual conditions of energy consumption and drawing a basis data, we can apply this as a way of saving energy, rationalization of the scale of energy supply facilities and a standard when planning facilities. To grasp the present condition of energy usage of the urban rental apartment, this research analysed the use of electricity, gas and water monthly and annually of a rental apartment that is located in Daegu. The results showed that in 2003 the electricity usage was 1,198MWh but 1,315MWh in 2007, which means 9% of electricity usage increases every year. The average of water usage was $85,072\;m^2$ per year and typical energy consumption unit was $604.2\;MJ/m^2$ on $74.4\;m^2$ of area and $448.8\;MJ/m^2$ on $105.8\;M^2$. By showing the usage of energy and water of the urban rental apartment, understanding the tendency and preparing an typical energy consumption unit standard through this research, apartments should use energy more efficiently.