• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.937-944
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• 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been growing to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. The increasing number of EVs requires adequate recharging infrastructure, and at the same time, adopts low- or zero-emission electricity production because the GHG emissions are highly dependent on primary sources of electricity production. Although previous research has studied solar photovoltaic (PV) -integrated EV charging stations, it is challenging to optimize spatial areas between where the charging stations are required and where the renewable energy sources (i.e., solar photovoltaic (PV)) are accessible. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to support decisions of siting EV charging stations using a spatial data clustering method integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS). This research explores spatial relationships of PV power outputs (i.e., supply) and traffic flow (i.e., demand) and tests a community in the state of Indiana, USA for optimal sitting of EV charging stations. Under the assumption that EV charging stations should be placed where the potential electricity production and traffic flow are high to match supply and demand, this research identified three areas for installing EV charging stations powered by rooftop PV in the study area. The proposed strategies will drive the transition of existing energy infrastructure into decentralized power systems. This research will ultimately contribute to enhancing economic efficiency and environmental sustainability by enabling significant reductions in electricity distribution loss and GHG emissions driven by transportation energy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.232-237
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• 2002

It is increased for methodology to evaluate distribution power system interruption cost in power supply zones under competitive electricity market. This paper presents algorithms to evaluate system interruption cost in distribution power supply zones taking into consideration failure rate of distribution facilities and composite customer interruption cost. In this paper, it is introduced for weighting factor for each customer failure duration and failure rate of distribution facilities to evaluate reasonable system interruption cost in distribution power supply area. Also, this Paper estimates evaluation results of system interruption cost using a sample model system. Finally, evaluation results of system interruption cost based on failure rate of distribution facilities and composite customer interruption cost are shown in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.25-29
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• 2011

The fuel cell, a renewable energy facility, hasn t come into wide use to the public. However, the usefulness of it is so high through Supply Business called Green Home, general auxiliary Supply Business, obligation to supply renewable energy for public organizations, Building Certification System and compulsory quota of using renewable energy to power generating businesses, etc. Intial installation was supported by government and a local autonomous entities in case of home fuel cell. Cost-benefits of installing it in home are approximately from $1,000 to $2,500. As Korea applies a progressive tax scheme in home electricity, energy costs are associated with electricity consumption. We should contemplate ways to make effective use of additional waste heat because technology of fuel cell is kind of a cogeneration.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2008

A bid-based pool(BBP) model is representative of energy market structure in a number of restructured electricity markets. Supply function equilibrium(SFE) models of interaction better match what is explicitly required in the bid formats of typical BBP markets. Many of the results in the SFE literature involve restrictive parametrization of the bid cost functions. In the SFE models, two parameters, intercept and slope, are available for strategic bidding. This paper addresses the realistic competition format that players can choose both parameters arbitrarily. In a fixed demand function, equilibrium conditions for generation company's profit maximization have a degree of freedom, which induces multi-equilibrium. So it is hard to choose a convergent equilibrium. However, consideration of stochastic demand function makes the equilibrium conditions independent each other based on the amount of variance of stochastic demand function. This variance provides the bidding players with incentives to change the slope parameter from an equilibrium for a fixed demand function until the slope parameter equilibrium.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2009

The Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (MKE) establishes the Basic Plan for Long-Term Electricity Supply and Demand(BPE) biannually, a governmental plan for the stable electricity supply. This study investigated the effects of the electric demand forecast on the energy mix. A simplified simulation model was developed, which replaces the WASP program developed by the KPX and verified by comparing both results. Three different electric demand scenarios were devised based upon the 2005 electric demand forecast: Proper, 5 % higher, and 5% lower. The simplified model calculates the energy mix for each scenario of the year 2005. Then it calculates the energy mix for the proper electric demand forecast of the year 2007 using the energy mixes of the three scenarios as the initial conditions, so that it reveals the effect of electric demand forecast of the previous BPE on the energy mix of the next BPE. As the proper electric demand forecasts of the year 2005 and 2007 are the same, there is no change in the previous and the next BPEs. However when the electric demand forecasts were 5% higher in the previous BPE and proper in the next BPE, some of the planned power plant construction in the previous BPE had to be canceled. Similarly, when the electric demand forecasts were 5% lower in the previous BPE and proper in the next BPE, power plant construction should be urgently increased to meet the increased electric demand. As expected the LNG power plants were affected as their construction periods are shorter than coal fired or nuclear power plants. This study concludes that the electric demand forecast is very important and that it has the risk of long term energy mix.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

Energy supply is increasingly showing up as a major issue for electricity supply, transportation, settlement, and process heat industrial supply including hydrogen production. Nuclear power is part of the solution. For electricity supply, as exemplified in Finland and France, the EPR brings an immediate answer; HTR could bring another solution in some specific cases. For other supply, mostly heat, the HTR brings a solution inaccessible to conventional nuclear power plants for very high or even high temperature. As fossil fuels costs increase and efforts to avoid generation of Greenhouse gases are implemented, a market for nuclear generated process heat will be developed. Following active developments in the 80's, HTR have been put on the back burner up to 5 years ago. Light water reactors are widely dominating the nuclear production field today. However, interest in the HTR technology was renewed in the past few years. Several commercial projects are actively promoted, most of them aiming at electricity production. ANTARES is today AREVA's response to the cogeneration market. It distinguishes itself from other concepts with its indirect cycle design powering a combined cycle power plant. Several reasons support this design choice, one of the most important of which is the design flexibility to adapt readily to combined heat and power applications. From the start, AREVA made the choice of such flexibility with the belief that the HTR market is not so much in competition with LWR in the sole electricity market but in the specific added value market of cogeneration and process heat. In view of the volatility of the costs of fossil fuels, AREVA's choice brings to the large industrial heat applications the fuel cost predictability of nuclear fuel with the efficiency of a high temperature heat source tree of Greenhouse gases emissions. The ANTARES module produces 600 MWth which can be split into the required process heat, the remaining power drives an adapted prorated electric plant. Depending on the process heat temperature and power needs, up to 80% of the nuclear heat is converted into useful power. An important feature of the design is the standardization of the heat source, as independent as possible of the process heat application. This should expedite licensing. The essential conditions for success include: ${\bullet}$ Timely adapted licensing process and regulations, codes and standards for such application and design ${\bullet}$ An industry oriented R&D program to meet the technological challenges making the best use of the international collaboration. Gen IV could be the vector ${\bullet}$ Identification of an end user(or a consortium of) willing to fund a FOAK

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.343-346
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• 2006

Although renewable energy sources are more environmentally friendly than fossil energy sources, it is far more costly, considering current technological standards. It would not present many competitive advantages in the power market. If the renewable electricity is viable in the market, the government should take 'visible' actions to compensate production costs. Popular policies, such as Feed-In-Tariff and Renewable Portfolio Standards, can help to attract investors into generators of renewable electricity. But presently, they are mainly financed through a undifferentiated increase of electricity bills and occasionally confronted with the opposition of the electricity consumers. And most policies tend to focus on increasing the supply of renewable electricity with little consideration toward elevating the motivation of consumers. This study evaluates the potential of environmentally friendly energy consumption and examines the 'green pricing' program which realize the potential.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2014

The Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 had an extensive impact on the national electricity plans. This paper outlines alternative electricity scenarios that meet the goals of nuclear phase-out and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. This paper also analyzes the results of each scenario in respect to the electricity mix, GHG emissions, costs and employment effects. The Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system (LEAP) model was used to simulate the annual electricity demand and supply system from 2011 to 2030. The reference year was 2009. Scenarios are reference (where existing plans are continued), A1, A2, B1, B2, and C2 (where the levels of demand management and nuclear phase-out are different). The share of renewable energy in the electricity mix in 2030 for each scenario will be increased from about 1% in 2009 to 8% in the reference scenario and from 11% to 31% in five alternative scenarios. Total cumulative cost increases up to 14% more than the reference scenario by replacing nuclear power plants with renewable energy in alternative scenarios could be affordable. Deploying enough renewable energy to meet such targets requires a roadmap for electricity price realization, expansion of research, development and deployment for renewable energy technologies, establishment of an organization dedicated to renewable energy, and ambitious targets for renewable energy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5067-5073
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• 2015

Recently, various researches about water resources management system have been conducted in order to handle many problems, for example, climate change can provoke rapid change of water circulation, continuous population increase, population concentration phenomenon and so on. For population concentration region, many researches about water resources management system have been carried out, but many regions far away from civilization have not been handled as research topics. Especially these regions always need electricity supply infra, but significant costs will be required to construct the infra. Therefore this paper presents a methodology in order to generate the electricity from new renewable energy resources and supply the electricity into these region. For this, solar thermal generation system was experimentally studied. Moreover, this solar power generation system was considered as an important component to establish an ESS (Energy Storage System).

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.6 s.90
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• pp.10-14
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• 1984