• Advances in Energy Research
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.55-73
• /
• 2019

The cost incurred by voltage sag effect in power networks has always been of important concern for discussions. Due to the environmental constraints, fossil fuel shortage crisis and low efficiency of conventional power plants, decentralized generation and renewable based DG have become trends in recent decades; because DGs can reduce the voltage sag effect in distribution networks noticeably; therefore, optimum allocation of DGs in order to maximize their effectiveness is highly important in order to maximize their effectiveness. In this paper, a new method is proposed for calculating the cost incurred by voltage sag effect in power networks. Thus, a new objective function is provided that comprehends technical standards as minimization of the cost incurred by voltage sag effect, active power losses and economic criterion as the installation and maintenance costs of DGs. Considering operational constraints of the system, the optimum allocation of DGs is a constrained optimization problem in which Lightning Attachment procedure optimization (LAPO) is used to resolve it and is the optimum number, size and location of DGs are determined in IEEE 33 bus test system and IEEE 34 bus test system. The results show that optimum allocation of DGs not only reduces the cost incurred by voltage sag effect, but also improves the other characteristics of the system.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2020

Investigation was carried out to assess the effect of cement dust deposition on the physico-chemical properties of soil near some cement plants in Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya. Soil samples were collected and analysed and compared with the control site. Comparison of various soil physico-chemical parameters revealed that cement dust emanating from cement plants has changed the soil quality in the surrounding areas of cement plants. The normal soil pH in the area is generally acidic. However, due to the continuous deposition of cement dust soil pH was found slightly alkaline near the cement plants. The higher values of soil parameters such as electrical conductivity and bulk density were also noticed near the cement plants. However, lower values of water holding capacity, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content were found compared to the control sites. The effect of cement dust deposition on soil is more in areas nearer to the cement plants. At present the changes may not be so serious but if this trend continues, soil properties of a vast area around the cement plants are likely to change leading to multiple effects on flora, fauna and socio-economy of the area.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
• /
• pp.793-796
• /
• 1996

This study proposes a new algorithm which performs a production simulation under various constraints and maintains computational efficiency. In order to consider the environmental and operational constraints, the proposed algorithm is based on optimization techniques formulated in LP form In the algorithm, "system characteristic constraints" reflect the system characteristics such as LDC shape, unit loading order and forced outage rate. By using the concept of Energy Invariance Property and two operational rules i.e. Compliance Rule for Emission Constraint, Compliance Rule for Limited Energy of Individual Unit, the number of system characteristic constraints is appreciably reduced. As a solution method of the optimization problem, the author uses Karmarkar's method which performs effectively in solving large scale LP problem. The efficiency of production simulation is meaningful when it is effectively used in power system planning. With the proposed production simulation algorithm, an optimal expansion planning model which can cope with operational constraints, environmental restriction, and various uncertainties is developed. This expansion planning model is applied to the long range planning schemes by WASP, and determines an optimal expansion scheme which considers the effect of supply interruption, load forecasting errors, multistates of unit operation, plural limited energy plants etc.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권9호
• /
• pp.3472-3484
• /
• 2023

The objective of this research is to assess the seismic performance of different types of electrical cabinets in nuclear power plants. The cabinets under investigation are: (a) Case 1: a short single cabinet; (b) Case 2: a tall single cabinet; (c) Case 3: separated cabinets; and (d) Case 4: a combined cabinet with coupling effects. To accurately capture the real behavior of the cabinet, three-dimensional finite element models are developed using ANSYS with connection non-linearity. Frequency domain decomposition (FDD) is used to determine the dynamic properties of the cabinets from shaking table testing data, and these results are utilized to validate the numerical model. The close match between the experimental and numerical results obtained from the modal analysis demonstrates the accuracy of the numerical model. Subsequently, transient structural analysis is performed on the validated models to explore seismic performance. The results show that the acceleration response of the combined cabinet is lower than the single cabinet and the separated cabinet. This observation suggests that top anchors used to combine two different types of cabinets play a crucial role in assessing the efficiency and seismic resistance of electrical cabinets in a nuclear power plant.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2001

Short-term effect of phosphogypsum on soil properties including acidification, salinity and metal availability were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. Phosphogypsum and mixtures of phosphogypsum and compost were added to soil and incubated in a laboratory condition with 15% moisture content. Phosphogypsum treatments were 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg soil and in the treatments of phosphogypsum and compost mixture 10 g of compost was added additionally. After the 30 days of incubation, an additional phosphogypsum and/or compost were added to the remaining soils at the same rates of the first treatments. pH, electrical conductivity, and available hazardous elements were measured periodically during the incubation. Field experiment was conducted in a plastic film house of mellon with four treatments of phosphogypsum and compost mixtures - 25+125, 50+125, 50+250 and 100+250 kg/165 $m^2$. pH, electrical conductivity, and hazardous elements in soil and total hazardous elements in leaf were measured. In the laboratory experiment, after 30 days of the first phosphogypsum application, soil pHs were lowered by 0.7-0.8 units. After the second treatment of phosphogypsum 0.2 units of additional acidification occurred. However, acidification was not observed in the soils treated with mixtures of phosphogypsum and compost. In the laboratory experiment, phosphogypsum treatments increased electrical conductivity very significantly. In field experiment, pH and electrical conductivity of soils treated with phosphogypsum were nearly the same as those of soil not treated with phosphogypsum. Since soil condition in the field study was an open system, the free acids and salts derived from phosphogypsum could be diffused down with water leaching through the soil profile and then any significant acidification or salt accumulation in the topsoil could not be observed. In both laboratory and field experiments, levels of available hazardous elements in soils treated with phosphogypsum were quite low and not different from the levels found in the control soil. Results obtained from this study suggest that application of phosphogypsum at appropriate rates on agricultural land appears of no concern in terms of acidity, salinity and hazardous element content of soil.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
• /
• pp.38-40
• /
• 2001

Fiber-optic current sensor was developed using the Faraday effect to measure the electrical current on high-voltage lines. A twisted single-mode optical fiber was used as a sensor coil to suppress birefringence effect, enhancing performance against environmental perturbations. In this paper, we report the basic design considerations and the preliminary experimental results carried out in the 1000 A input current range.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.236-239
• /
• 2002

Si nanocrystallites thin films on P-type (100) Si substrate have been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition using a Nd:YAG laser. After deposition, samples were annealed in several environmental gases ;It the temperature range of 400 to $800^{\circ}C$ Hydrogen passivation was then performed in the forming gas (95 % $N_2$ + 5 % $H_2$) for 1 hr. Strong violet-indigo photoluminescence has been observed at room temperature on nitrogen ambient-annealed Si nanocrystallites. We report the variation of photoluminescence (PL) properties of Si thin films by changing annealing temperatures and by using hydrogen passivation. The results could suggest that the origin of violet-indigo PL should be related to the Quantum size effect of Si nanocrystallite.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1993년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
• /
• pp.692-694
• /
• 1993

Acoustic noise from the various facilities makes man unpleasant and let researchers find the way for reducing it on environmental point of view. Special way to reduce the acoustic noise had suggested by the concept of Active Silencer. But, it has propagation delay time accumulated during the signal passage and howling effect. This paper suggestes a way to anhilate howling effects, and reduces the total delay time drasticaly by attaching microphone to the speaker. This paper will show how it works by some materials.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제48권8호
• /
• pp.580-586
• /
• 1999

Aging characteristics of 13 years service-aged distribution cable terminations which dismounted from 3 regions were investigated by material characterization and electrical test. All dismounted terminations have propagating micro-cracks on the surface of weathershed and chalking fillers from bulk. Elemental analysis of these terminations showed that the carbon was decreased and the oxygen was increased on the surface of weathershed due to a little oxidation reaction. Contact angle of terminations was abnormally increased with time. In the analysis of anti-oxidation ability and chemical structure, there were no differences between new and dismounted terminations. All terminations showed satisfactory results in electrical test. Therefore, itcan be considered that aging is only propagating on the surface of dismounted terminations. Also, it was confirmed that environmental factors such as UV, pollution and salt have an effect on the aging through the observation of polymer composition change.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 산업부산물인 고로슬래그와 순환유동층 보일러의 연소재를 주재료로 사용하여 시멘트와 유사한 경화반응을 유도하도록 개발된 친환경 지반안정재를 약액주입재로 사용하기 위한 실내시험과 시험시공에 관련된 연구가 진행되었다. 이를 위해 실내시험에서는 규산소다 및 실리카졸을 A액, 친환경 지반안정재(또는 OPC)를 B액으로 사용하여 시편을 제작하고, 실내시험을 실시하여 공학적·환경적 성능을 분석하였다. 그리고 실제 노후저수지에 시험시공을 실시하고, 현장에서의 투수시험, 전기비저항탐사를 실시하여 적용성을 분석하였다. 실내시험 결과, 친환경 지반안정재를 B액으로 사용한 약액주입재의 호모겔 압축강도는 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 비교하여 약 2.88~3.23배 큰 값을 나타내었다. 또한 대부분의 중금속 용출량이 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 비교하여 적고, 어독성 시험에서의 생존율도 100%로 나타났다. 따라서 실내시험 결과를 토대로 판단할 때 OPC에 비해 강도적, 환경적으로도 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 노후 저수지에서의 시험시공 결과에서는 친환경 지반안정재를 약액주입재의 B액으로 사용하여 보강한 경우, 저수지 내부에서의 투수계수는 1/50 수준까지 감소하였다. 그리고 전기비저항 탐사결과 노후 저수지 내부의 전기비저항은 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하여 포화대는 사라졌으며, 전반적으로 보강되는 것으로 분석되었다.