• 제목/요약/키워드: Electric field exposure

검색결과 89건 처리시간 0.025초

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DUAL COUNTING AND INTERNAL DOSE ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR CARBON-14 AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

  • Kim, Hee-Geun;Kong, Tae-Young;Han, Sang-Jun;Lee, Goung-Jin
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 2009
  • In a pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR), radiation workers who have access to radiation controlled areas submit their urine samples to health physicists periodically; internal radiation exposure is evaluated by the monitoring of these urine samples. Internal radiation exposure at PHWRs accounts for approximately 20 $\sim$ 40% of total radiation exposure; most internal radiation exposure is attributed to tritium. Carbon-14 is not a dominant nuclide in the radiation exposure of workers, but it is one potential nuclide to be necessarily monitored. Carbon-14 is a low energy beta emitter and passes relatively easily into the body of workers by inhalation because its dominant chemical form is radioactive carbon dioxide ($^{14}CO_2$). Most inhaled carbon-14 is rapidly exhaled from the worker's body, but a small amount of carbon-14 remains inside the body and is excreted by urine. In this study, a method for dual analysis of tritium and carbon-14 in urine samples of workers at nuclear power plants is developed and a method for internal dose assessment using its excretion rate result is established. As a result of the developed dual analysis of tritium and carbon-14 in urine samples of radiation workers who entered the high radiation field area at a PHWR, it was found that internal exposure to carbon-14 is unlikely to occur. In addition, through the urine counting results of radiation workers who participated in the open process of steam generators, it was found that the likelihood of internal exposure to either tritium or carbon-14 is extremely low at pressurized water reactors (PWRs).

병원에서의 환자, 의료진의 전자파 노출 실태 조사 (Research of operators and patients exposed to electromagnetic field in the hospital)

  • 지효철;홍현기;김성우;이주형;김덕원
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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    • pp.70-72
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    • 2007
  • In this study, electromagnetic fields emitted from the various environment in the hospital were measured. Measurement spot was patients' head. To monitor how much magnetic fields are emitting from operation room, monitoring device was attached to 19 anesthesiologist and monitoring lasted 8 hours. We also took a measurement from various medical devices. Devices include ESWL, PET, MRI, CT, Gamma knife, X-ray, Angiogram, Echocardiogram, Upper GI and Linear Accelerator. Electromagnetic fields were measured from 10 spots from each of 5 patient waiting room. As a results, there were no places showing risk of high exposure. All the measurement values were below the reference levels for general public exposure to time varying electric and magnetic fields which is issued by ICNIRP.

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전기장 하에서의 블록 공중합체와 고분자 블렌드의 미세 구조 변화 거동 비교 (Comparing Microscale Behaviors of Block Copolymer with Polymer Blend Thin Films under Electric Fields)

  • 배준원
    • 공업화학
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.395-398
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    • 2018
  • 전기장 하에서 유기물은 전기장에 의해 부여된 여러 가지 힘의 영향을 받아서 특이한 거동을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는, 지금까지 개별적으로 고찰되어 왔던 전기장 하에서의 블록 공중합체와 고분자 블렌드의 미세 거동을 비교 분석하여 특징적인 차이점을 알아보고자 한다. 두 가지 고분자가 공유결합으로 연결된 블록 공중합체와 약한 상호작용으로 혼합된 고분자 블렌드 시스템을 비교대상으로 하였다. 이때, 구성 고분자로는 비슷한 유전상수를 갖는 폴리아크릴로 나이트릴과 폴리메틸메타아크릴레이트를 도입하였다. 유사한 분자량, 같은 농도, 같은 전기장 세기하에서 고분자 블렌드가 전기장에 더욱 민감하게 반응하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 공유결합이 분자의 운동성을 제약하여 전기장에 덜 민감하게 반응하도록 거동하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 고분자 물질의 전기장 하에서의 거동을 이해하는 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

6.78 MHz 무선전력전송 시스템에 의한 전자파 노출량 분석 (Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Exposure Due to 6.78 MHz Wireless Power Transfer System)

  • 윤석;정현종;임영석
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.954-963
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 공진형 무선전력전송시스템에 의해 발생되는 자기장과 전기장 강도 및 이에 의한 인체 내부 전자파 비흡수율(Specific Absorption Rate: SAR) 분포를 분석하였다. 연구에서 사용된 동작주파수는 ISM 대역에 해당하는 6.78 MHz이다. 실제 시스템을 제작하고, 시스템의 송신측에 공급되는 가용 전력을 1 W로 제한하여 전기장 및 자기장 분포를 측정하고, 동일한 규격으로 시뮬레이션한 결과와 비교하였다. 피부, 지방, 근육의 순으로 조직층이 구성된 단순인체모델을 이용하여, WPT 시스템으로부터의 거리에 따른 인체 내부의 유도 전류밀도와 SAR 분포를 구하였다. 측정과 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻어진 전자파 노출 정도를 ICNIRP(International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection)의 국제 권고기준과 비교하여 분석하였다.

Effects of lanthanum doping on ferroelectric properties of direct-patternable $Bi_{4-x}La_xTi_3O_{12}$ films prepared by photochemical metal-organic deposition

  • Park, Hyeong-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Cheol;Park, Hyung-Ho;Kim, Tae-Song
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.287-287
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    • 2007
  • The ferroelectric and electric properties of UV-irradiated bismuth lanthanum titanate (BLT) films prepared using photosensitive starting precursors were characterized. The effects of lanthanum doping on ferroelectric and electric properties were investigated by polarization-electric field hysteresis loops and leakage current-voltage measurements. X-ray diffractometer and ellipsometry were served to provide the information about the crystalline structure and thickness of the films after annealing. The images of the surface microstructure and direct-patterned BLT films were observed by using scanning electron microscopy. The effects of lanthanum doping on the electric properties of direct-pattern able BLT films and their direct-patterning were studied.

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반도체 제조 근로자의 극저주파 자기장 노출 평가 (Occupational Exposure of Semiconductor Workers to ELF Magnetic Fields)

  • 정은교;김갑배;정광재;이인섭;유기호;박정선
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.42-51
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: To compare the exposure level of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields among semiconductor workers, shipyard welders and office workers. Methods: To measure the ELF magnetic field concentration, EMDEX LITE (Enertech, USA) were used and monitored for eight hours continuously. Five companies handling the electric and magnetic field (EMF) source were investigated, which the exposure groups were classified into three groups: semiconductor workers, welders, and office workers. Welder group was chosen as a high exposed group and office group as a low exposed group. Results: The arithmetic mean (${\pm}SD$) and geometric mean (GSD) of personal exposure level of semiconductor workers were 0.73 (${\pm}1.33$) ${\mu}T$, 0.43 (2.88) ${\mu}T$, respectively. The ceiling value ranged between 0.18 and 123.2 ${\mu}T$. Welders were exposed high with the arithmetic mean value of 3.46 (${\pm}\;13.46$) ${\mu}T$ and geometric mean value of 0.45 (4.70) ${\mu}T$, respectively, and ceiling value range of 75.5~129.6 ${\mu}T$. The exposure levels of office workers were low compared to other exposed groups; the arithmetic mean 0.05 (${\pm}0.13$) ${\mu}T$, geometric mean 0.03 (2.38) ${\mu}T$ and ceiling value range 0.37~3.35 ${\mu}T$. This study revealed statistically significant differences of the mean ELF magnetic field exposure doses among three groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The average ELF magnetic field exposure doses of semiconductor workers were much higher than those of office workers in control group, but were lower than those of welders in high exposure group.

국내 전철 및 가전제품을 대상으로 한 전자장 수준 실태조사 (A survey on the EMF Levels of Study and Electric Appliances in Korea)

  • 장성기;조용성;이석조;유승화;정경미;임준호
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 2005
  • The purposes of this study was to collect, analyze, and describe the MF exposure levels from subways in Korea and to measure and evaluate the MF levels generated from electric appliances used at general homes. The target subway lines were Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 to Line 8, Bundang Line, Incheon Line, Daegu Line, Gwangju Line, and Busan Line 1 and Line 2. We measured at each station in those subway lines and, all the train types (pantograph-equipped, motor-equipped, and common), and platform types(facing and isolating) were investigated by the distance(80, 200, 400 cm) from the train on 19 targeted subway lines using 3 magnetic field measuring devices (EMDEXII, Enertech Co.) during the survey from January till October, 2004. On the other hand, the levels of the 60Hz magnetic fields generated from 14 items of home electric appliances such as electric blankets, hair dryers, electric razors, etc. were measured at 10 general homes using 5 EMDEXII meters with a sampling interval of 1.5 second by the distance(surface, 30, 50, 100, 300cm ) from the target electric appliances. The survey results in the whole subway lines examined in this study were as follows; Seoul Metropolitan Line 4 using AC(alternating current) power source showed the highest mean value of $2.85{\mu}T$, followed by Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 running between Seoul and Incheon using AC($2.78{\mu}T$), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 between Seoul and Uijongbu using AC($2.73{\mu}T$), Bundang Line using AC($1.79{\mu}T$), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 connected from Yongsan using AC($1.67{\mu}T$), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 between Seoul and Suwon using AC($0.79{\mu}T$), and so on. In general, the intensity of the magnetic field in the subway systems in Korea was significantly higher when using AC($2.14{\pm}0.91{\mu}T$) than when using DC($0.29{\pm}0.44{\mu}T$) power source. Among the home electric appliances examined, microwave ovens showed the highest mean value of $7.69{\mu}T$, followed by hair dryers($6.47{\mu}T$), vacuum cleaners($5.27{\mu}T$), televisions ($2.26{\mu}T$), electric blankets($1.38{\mu}T$), personal computers ($0.81{\mu}T$), and so on. Two items of electric appliances showed the excess value of $0.2{\mu}T$ at the distance of 30cm in the MF exposure level; electric razors $1.58{\pm}2.13{\mu}T$ and vacuum cleaners $0.48{\pm}0.44{\mu}T$. As a whole, this study showed a tendency that the shift of the MF levels according to the increase of distance from the electric appliances was lower than those of the results surveyed in UK and USA. As a result, this study is expected to suggest meaningful data for the future study in exposure assessment of magnetic fields and for the establishment of guidelines for subways and electric appliances in Korea. More detailed and large scaled exposure assessment studies should be performed continuously to get the various and useful information on health risk assessment of MFs in Korea.

전자계 기준 설정에 따른 사회적 비용 고찰 (Consideration for social expenses according to Electromagnetic field exposure standards)

  • 이형한;유연표;이희찬
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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    • pp.494-496
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    • 2002
  • 본 논문에서는 향후 우리나라에 전자계 규제가 이루어질 경우 국민이 부담해야하는 사회 경제적 비용을 추정하였다. 여기에서 사회 경제적 비용의 추정은 전자계 규제치를 만족하기 위해 선로 지상고만을 조정하였을때 추가되는 건설비용을 기준으로 한 기초적 검토 결과로써 송전선로 표준 모델을 사용하여 예측한 결과 $20{\mu}T$로 기준 설정시 부터 사회 경제적 비용이 발생함을 알 수 있었으며, $10{\mu}T$로 기준 설정 시에는 약 20조원의 추가 비용이 발생할 것으로 예상된다.

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22.9[kV] 배전선로 주변의 전장과 자장의 분포 (Profiles of Electric and Magnetic Fields around 22.9[kV] Distribution Lines)

  • 이복희;박종순;길형준
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.46-54
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    • 1999
  • 최근 전자환경은 가전 제춤의 보급과 전력소비의 증가와 더불어 변화되고 잇다. 대부분 관심이 집중되고 있는 자료들은 전력 주파수의 전장과 자장의 노출된 인체에 미치는 영향에 대해 많은 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 이에 대한 정확한 측정과 분석이 요구되고 있다 본 논문에서는 22.9[kV] 배전선로에 발생하는 극저주파 영역의 전장과 자장의 측정과 분석이 수행되었고, 배전선로를 가로지르는 방법으로 측정하였으며, 측정값과 비교를 위해 FIELDS 프로그램을 사용하여 이론적으로 계산하였다. 전장과 자장의 세기는 배전선로 아래에서 강하였고, 횡방향 거리에 반비례하여 감소하였다. 전장의 분포곡선은 M자형태이고 자장은 $\bigcap$자 형태이었으며, 측정값은 이론값고 거의 흡사한 양상을 보였다. 그리고, 전장과 자장의 세기는 모두 측정높이가 증가함에 따라 강하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 전장의 분포는 3상 도체의 배치에 의해 영향을 받으며 자장의 분포 특성은 상전류의 불평형에 의해 최대값이 중앙점으로부터 이동되는 것을 알았다.

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전기적 세포융합기의 제작 및 성능 개선을 위한 기초 연구 (A Basic Study for the Development of Electrio-Cell Fusion Device and Performance-Improvement)

  • 이상훈
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1994
  • Electrofusion of cabbage protoplasts was performed with a developed equipment which consists of a parallel wire electrode, a AC field generator, and a pulse generator. Exposure of protoplasts to an alternating current field of 450 KHz causes attraction to each other which leads to chains of protoplasts extending from the electrode. Intra-specific protoplast fusion was effectively induced within the pearl chains by the additional application of a single high-intensity DC square wave pulse of 1 KV/cm for 1-3 msec. To improve the performance, micro fusion electrode fabricated from the semiconductor technology and microcontroller based field an, d pulse generator was proposed. The viability of protoplasts after an application of electric field at optimum condition was reduced by only 5 % compared with that of pre-application. A prototype of fusion electrode, which consists of insulator-structure, was successfully fabricated by using photosensitive polyimide.

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