• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal, vertical, asymmetric and coupling multipliers for manual material handling. Lifting tasks with 5 different horizontal distances ($30{\sim}70cm$) for 6 vertical distances(ankle, knee, waist, elbow, shoulder and head height) were experimented. The muscle activity and muscle exertion level during asymmetric load handling(without trunk flexion) was experimented. Lifting tasks with and without handle tote box for three postures(straight, bending, right angle posture) were experimented. The degrading tendency did not appeared almost in $60{\sim}70cm$ interval's horizontal distance. As a result of ANOVA, MVC paid attention to horizontal and vertical distance but cross effect was insignificant(p<0.01). The change of the MVC according to the horizontal, vertical distance appeared similar from of RWL. The results of normalized MVC measurement were decreased about 16%, 24%, 34% respectively as the asymmetry angle was $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$. RMS EMG values of right erector spinae muscles were decreased as the work posture went to $90^{\circ}$ and those of left erector spinae muscles were increased until the asymmetry angle was $40^{\circ}$ but decreased continually over $40^{\circ}$. 7 subjects, activities of left and right latissimus dorsi muscles were maintained constantly, while for remainer, those were irregular. MVC reduced maximum 23% by type of handle. MVC was highest in straight posture, but was lowest in right angle posture. As a result of ANOVA, MVC paid attention to posture, coupling(p<0.01). To all handle types, biceps brachii activity was increased in right angle posture, but reduced in straight posture. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the NIOSH guideline should not be directly applied to Korean without reasonable reexamination. In addition, we need to afterward study through an age classification.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.665-678
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• 1999

Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability. Because muscle weakness is one of the most prominent consequences of stroke, it was considered important to determine whether exercise in order to improve muscle strength and range of motion could have an effect in limiting the learned disuse of the affected side. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of an 8 week rehabilitation program on physical and cognitive ability in stroke patients. A total of 18 patients who were admitted to the oriental medicine unit of a K medical center in Seoul were recruited : ten for the experimental group and eight for the control group. The rehabilitation program consisted of three level's of active and passive exercises for prevention of muscle contracture and at range of motion. Muscle strength, flexibility of the upper and lower extremity, perceived balance, functional independence, depression, and quality of life for the two groups were compared at the pretest and 4 and 8 weeks after the rehabilitation program. The results are as follows : 1) When measuring muscle strengths of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, hip flexion and knee extensor, ankle dorsi-flexor and muscle strength of knee flexor. Muscle strength of knee flexor for the experimental group was significantly higher than the comparison group at the 4 weeks. 2) Muscle strength and flexibility of the ankle dorsi -flexor for the experimental group was significantly better than for the control group at 8 weeks. 3) Functional independence, perceived balance, and Tinetti balance for the experimental group as measured at 4 and 8 weeks were better than for the control group. Also, there were changes over time in physical balance and functional ability, but there was no significant differences between the groups. 4) The experimental group showed a higher quality of life and lower depression than the control group at 8 weeks. 5) Muscle strength and flexibility of ankle dorsi -flexor were significantly changed over time and an interaction between group and time. The findings suggested that the rehabilitation program would improve the physical and psychological status of the stroke patients. Thus, the gains in actual or perceived ability to perform physical activities was marked.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the directions of neck rotation on the muscle activity of the upper trapezius and lower trapezius while rotating a shoulder externally. Methods: Twenty-five healthy males participated in this study. The subjects were asked to rotate their shoulder externally with 90° shoulder abduction and 90° elbow flexion in three different neck rotations (neutral, ipsilateral, and contralateral) in the prone position. The muscle activities of the upper and lower trapezius were measured using surface electromyography. One way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the muscle activity of the upper and lower trapezius depending on the different neck turning directions. Results: In the upper trapezius, turning the neck in the ipsilateral direction while turning a shoulder externally decreased the muscle activity significantly, but the muscle activity was increased significantly by turning the neck in the contralateral direction. On the other hand, in the lower trapezius, turning the neck in the ipsilateral direction increased the muscle activity significantly, but the muscle activity was decreased significantly by turning the neck in the contralateral direction decreased it significantly. Conclusion: When someone has an imbalance of shoulder function, turning the neck in the ipsilateral direction while turning the shoulder externally in the prone position is effective in decreasing the activity of the upper trapezius and increasing the activity of the lower trapezius. Therefore, these results could be used as basic evidence for researching patients with shoulder problems.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

Importance of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) has been increasing in the hospital industry such as health care industry and financial industry. This study investigated in order to identify the factors like general, occupational and ergonomically characteristics of the subjects related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of physical therapists (PTs). Ergonomic tools of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used for evaluation workload of the tasks. Prevalence of MSDs were 13 PTs (26.0%) for neck, 31 PTs (62.0%) for shoulder, 9 PTs (18.0%) for arm/elbow, 27 PTs (54.0%) for hand/wrist, 28 PTs (56.0%) for back, 14 PTs (28.0%) for leg/foot. The analysis of the rate of the pain intensity showed that 53.5% subjects experience moderate pain and 14.0% subjects experience severe pain. Factors which were general characteristics, for example, height, ergonomically characteristics such as 'Posture Score A' were related musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in logistic analysis (p<.05). Among physical therapists, action level of RULA were action level 2 (6.0%), action level 3 (52.0%), action level 4 (42.0%). Physical therapists were estimated one of the highest risk factor in this study. This study suggested that the need of preventive education and program for PTs (physical therapists). Comprehensive and systematic management plans should be established to include both ergonomic and sociopsychological aspects.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to figure out that the scapular stability exercise on unstable position can effect on the pain relief of the patient with lateral epicondylitis. Methods: The subject was 35 year old male, diagnosed as lateral epicondylitis. This patient was controled to do scapular stability exercise with crawling position on unstable surface, changing elbow movement from flexion to extension for 4 weeks, 5 times a week, 20 times in total. We used VAS to find the degree of pain and Cozen's test, Mill's test and Resisted middle finger test were determined for the measurement of epicondylitis changed. Results: The following is the result of this study. 1. Pain on lateral epicondylitis was relived from VAS 7 to VAS 0. 2. There were improvements that the results of tests for epicondylitis, Cozen's test, Mill's test and Resisted middle finger test, changed positive into negative signs. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the application scapular stability exercise on the unstable surface to the patient with lateral epicondylitis can relief the pain degree on the lateral epicondylitis and be used as one of lateral epicondylitis treatments.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2005

To investigate the fatigue characteristic of upper limbs, this study analyzed RMS(root mean square) and MPF(mean power frequency) value between initial and terminal stages of each experiment condition. And the effect of intermittent endurance time was evaluated using the Borg's CR10 value that was measured for the parts of upper limb. According to the results of ANOVA on RMS value, there were significant difference on the %MVC about push, pull, and down force exertion. Particularly the ANOVA of up force exertion was significant difference on shoulder flexion, elbow flexion and rest time as well as %MVC. The results of ANOVA for MPF value were significant difference on the %MVC in regard of the push and up force exertion. In case of up force exertion, MPF value tended to shift low frequency at all of the experiment conditions. According to the analysis of duty cycle, RMS value considerably increased over 50% duty cycle and as the %MVC increased, the duty cycle affected the increase of RMS value. MPF value for up and down force exertion decreased at 33%, 50% and 67% duty cycle for all of %MVC. Borg CR10 value of hand and forearm were below the 3-point to the 40% of endurance time at 30%MVC and to the 20% of endurance time at 50%MVC with the exception of up force exertion. But Borg CR10 values of upper arm and shoulder at up force exertion were more than 3-point to the 20% of endurance time at 30%MVC and in the start point of endurance time at 50%MVC.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2020

제조업 근로자는 근무 환경에서 반복 작업에 의한 근골격계 질환의 위험에 쉽게 노출되어 있다. 이는 신체를 반복적으로 이용하는 직업 특성상의 문제에 기인한다. 하지만 현재 감시 및 예방을 위한 모니터링 시스템이 제공되지 않아 매년 위험에 대한 근로자의 노출도가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IMU 센서를 사용한 웨어러블 장치 제작을 통해 실제 작업 환경에서의 이러한 문제를 해결하는 방법에 대해 제시한다. 웨어러블 형태의 장치를 착용 후, 근골격계 움직임에 따른 회전 값을 받아와 데이터 분석을 통해 사용자의 움직임을 판단해낸다. 이때, 바이어스 제거와 누적 오차를 제거해 정교한 데이터 취득하여 이를 동적 임곗값 형식으로 분석하여 사용자의 회전 운동 횟수를 측정해내어 위험도를 판단한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 웨어러블 장치를 이용 팔꿈치 근골격계 질환에 대한 회전 횟수를 측정하는 웹 페이지를 통해 본 방법의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.229-242
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• 1997

This study was performed to figure out effects of stroke rehabilitation on education using isokinetic exercise on physical function recovery. It is considered isokinetic exercise will playa primary role in muscle strength, ROM of joint, and body balance recovery for stroke rehabilitation and so far can be used as a basic references to increase the health of all people. The study consisted of 42 stroke patient(21 training group, 21 control group) diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage from Oriental Rehabilitation Department of Kyung Hee University. Upper extremity and lower extremity exercise was performed in the training group using isokinetic ergometer. The recovery of physical function(muscle strength, ROM of joint, body balance) data between the two groups were compared and ana lysed by paired t-test are as followed. 1. Muscle testing record showed increased in the strength of elbow flexion, knee flexion, knee extension, ankle extension of the training group com paired to control group(p < .05). In the measurement of ROM, however other parts of the body motion showed no significant changes, only shoulder extension of the training group was increased(p < .05). 2. Body balance increase was highly significant in all training group compaired to control group(p<001). Based on these findings, stroke rehabilitation education with isokinetic ergometer showed available effects on recovery of physical function rehabilitation program with isokinetic exercise will play a primary role in the recovery of physical function of stroke or brain injury patients as well as to promote the health of all people.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a neck exercise using a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) neck flexion and extension pattern on body balance in a progressive range of positions (supine, prone on elbow, and sitting), on numbness in the upper extremities, and on neck flexion motions in cervical myelopathy patients. Methods: One participant who was diagnosed with cervical myelopathy participated in this study. A reversal design (A-B-A') was used. The A and A' were the baseline period (no intervention), and B was the intervention period. The intervention used a neck extension pattern with a hold-relax technique and a neck flexion pattern with a combination of isotonic techniques in the supine position. Then, neck flexion and extension patterns were applied together with a reversal technique for stabilization, followed by a neck extension pattern with a combination of isotonic techniques in the prone position on the elbows. Finally, a neck flexion and extension pattern was used with a stabilizing reversal technique, and a neck extension pattern was applied with a combination of isotonic techniques in the sitting position for 60 minutes per day, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. To measure balance, numbness, and neck motion during neck flexion, the one-leg stand test and the visual analogue scale were used. Results: The right and left one-leg stand tests showed increased balance ability in the intervention phase. Upper extremity numbness was decreased in the intervention phase, and neck flexion motion was increased in the intervention phase. These increases were maintained after the intervention (Baseline II). Conclusion: These results suggest that a neck exercise using a PNF neck pattern with additional techniques in a progressive range of positions has a positive effect on cervical myelopathy patients for balance, numbness, and neck motion.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a functional evaluation model and the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) scale in evaluating the upper extremities of stroke patients Methods: Thirty-eight stroke patients were evaluated using the FMA and performed reaching and grasping motions using a three-dimensional motion analysis (Qquas 1 series, Qualisys AB, Sweden). The participants sat on a chair with a backrest. The position of the cup was located at a distance of 80% to the front arm length. The markers were attached to the sternum, acromion, elbow lateral epicondyle, ulnar styloid process, three metacarpal heads, and the distal phalanges of the thumb and index finger. The variables of the correlation between the functional evaluation model and the FMA scale were analyzed. Multiple regression (stepwise) was used to investigate the effect of the kinematic variables. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between the movement time (p < 0.05), movement unit (p < 0.05), and trunk displacement values (p < 0.05) in the FMA total scores, while a positive correlation was found between the peak velocity (p < 0.05) and maximum grip aperture values (p < 0.05). As a result of the multiple regression analysis, the most significant factor was the movement unit, followed by the general movement assessment and trunk displacement. The explained FMA total score value was 62%. Conclusion: This study presents a new functional evaluation model for assessing the reaching and grasping ability of stroke patients. The factors of the proposed functional evaluation model showed significant correlations with the FMA scale scores and confirmed that the new functional evaluation model explained the FMA by 67%. This suggests a new functional evaluation model for reaching and grasping stroke patients.