• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.919-925
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• 2011

A new series of manganese(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of 14-membered macrocyclic ligand, (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1,8-diamine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, $^1H$- and $^{13}C$- NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, and ESR measurements. Molar conductance measurements in DMF solution indicate that the complexes are electrolytes. The ESR spectrum for cobalt(III) complex in $CD_3OD+10%D_2O$ after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K using a 0.2217 M rad $h^{-1}$ vicrad source showed $g_{\perp}$ > $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_z2$ orbital with covalent bond character. In this case, the ligand hyperfine tensors are nearly collinear with ${\gamma}$-tensors, so there is no major tendency to bend. Therefore, little extra delocalization via the ring lobe of the $dz^2$ orbital occurs. However, the ESR spectrum in solid state after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K showed $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_{\perp}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_x2_{-y}2$ ground state as the resulting spectrum contains a large number of randomly oriented molecules provided that, the principle directions of g and A tensors. Manganese (II) complex 2, $[H_{12}LMn]Cl_4.2H_2O$, showed six isotropic lines characteristic to an unpaired electron interacting with a nucleus of spin 5/2, however, iron(III) complex 3, $[H_{12}LFe]Cl_5.H_2O$, showed spectrum of a high spin $^{57}Fe$ (I=1/2), $d^5$ configuration. The geometry of these complexes was supported by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and ESR spectral studies. Complex 1 showed exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

The photophysical properties of 7-diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC) laser dye have been measured in different solvents. The emission spectrum of DEAC has also been measured in cationic (CTAC) and anionic (SDS) micelles. The laser parameters have been calculated in different solvents namely acetone, dioxane, ethanol and dimethylforamide(DMF). The photoreactivity of DEAC has been studied in $CCl_4$ solvent using 366 nm light. The values of photochemical yield (${\Phi}_c$) and rate constant (k) are determined. The interaction of organic acceptors such as picric acid (PA), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracynoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) with DEAC are also studied using fluorescence measurements in acetonitrile ($CH_3CN$). The electrochemical investigation of (DEAC) has been carried out using cyclic voltammetry and convolutive voltammetry combined with digital simulation technique at a platinum electrode in 0.1 mol $L^{-1}$ tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate (TBAP) in $CH_3CN$ solvent. The electrochemical parameters of the investigated compound were determined using cyclic and convolutive voltammetry. The extracted electrochemical parameters were verified and confirmed via digital simulation method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2011

This study was intended to resolve problems caused by different classification criteria and management methods of carcinogenicity, which have made industrial safety & health institutions and business employers difficult to execute projects or to carry out occupational safety and health related works, and have affected how civic groups perceive carcinogens. The content of this study contained the comparison of management and categorization standards for carcinogens between Korea and other countries as well as the current carcinogenicity-related information supply status of each professional institution. Furthermore, this research examined the current state of supplying information on carcinogenicity among major institutional information supply according to the categorization standard for carcinogens by UN GHS, Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea(KMoEL), and GHS MSDS provided by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency(KOSHA). Now, professional agency provide 927 kinds of IARC, 237 kinds of NTP, 351 kinds of ACGIH and 1,006 kinds of EU ECHA information on carcinogenic agents. KMoEL provides carcinogenicity-related information of 58 chemical agents in accordance with the category of carcinogens guided by ACGIH. KOSHA offers 13,232 kinds of GHS MSDS information including 2,484 carcinogenic substances. Therefore, carcinogenicity-related information of chemical substances, which are not available on the existing GHS MSDS DB, should be updated for the future reference.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 2006

Objective : This study was designed to identify lipid protection formation in stratum corneum and anti-inflammatory effects of Sopungdojeok-tang(SD) on atopic dermatitis(AD). Materials and Methods : In Vivo, SD extract was orally administered to BALB/c mice at $2.5m{\ell}/kg/day$ for 2 days after 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate evoked atopic dermatitis in abdominal skin. Morphological changes were observed by immunohistochemical stain using monoclonal antibodies(BrdU, ceramide, MIP-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50, IL-4, and STAT6) and TUNEL method. In vitro, the alterations of IL-4 mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCT in SD extract treated EL4 cells after phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and 4-tert-Octylphenol induce Th2 skewed condition. Results : SD is used in Oriental Medicine for its potential curative for atopic dermatitis. In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory and lipid lamella repair effects of SD were investigated. SD decreased the number of eosinophil in atopic dermatitis induced mice. In the histological properties, the hyperplasia, edema, infiltration of lymphocytes, damage of intercellular space of stratum corneum, BrdU positive reacted cells in stratum basal, and degranulated mast cells and capillaries in dermal papillae decreased in mice with SD. Treatment of SD also decreased MIP-2, STAT6 and IL-4 in dermal papillae. The IL-4 mRNA expression decreased in a dose-dependant manner in SD treated EL4 cells. In addition, decrease of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 and increase of apoptotic cells in dermis were observed in SD treated mice. These data suggest that SD may beneficial for atopic dermatitis. Conclusions : These data suggest that SD is beneficial in treatment of atopic dermatitis, and that SD provides lipid protection in stratum corneum and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.226-236
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• 2020

Antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria and fungi is one of the most serious global public health problems in the 21^st century, directly affecting human health and lifestyle. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with strong resistance to the common antibiotics have been isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients at Zagazig Hospital. Thus, in this study we assessed the biocidal activity of nanoparticles of silver, copper and zinc synthesized by Fusarium solani KJ 623702 against these multidrug resistant-bacteria. The synthesized Metal Nano-particles (MNPs) were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Zeta potential. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) result showed the presence of different functional groups such as carboxyl, amino and thiol, ester and peptide bonds in addition to glycosidic bonds that might stabilize the dispersity of MNPs from aggregation. The antimicrobial potential of MNPs by F. solani against the multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in addition to the mycotoxigenic Aspergillus awamori, A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum was investigated, based on the visual growth by diameter of inhibition zone. Among the synthesized MNPs, the spherical AgNPs (13.70 nm) displayed significant effect against P. aeruginosa (Zone of Inhibition 22.4 mm and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 21.33 ㎍/ml), while ZINC oxide Nano-Particles were the most effective against F. oxysporum (ZOI, 18.5 mm and MIC 24.7 ㎍/ml). Transmission Electron Microscope micrographs of AgNP-treated P. aeruginosa showed cracks and pits in the cell wall, with internalization of NPs. Production of pyocyanin pigment was significantly inhibited by AgNPs in a concentration-dependent manner, and at 5-20 ㎍ of AgNPs/ml, the pigment production was reduced by about 15-100%, respectively.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2005

We synthesized two new series of alternating copolymers, poly[bis(2-(4-phenylenevinylene)-2-cyanoethenyl)-9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren-2,7-yl-alt-1,4-phenylene](Polymer-I)and poly[bis(2-(4-phenylenevinylene)-2­cyanoethenyl)-9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren-2,7-yl-alt-2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)](Polymer-II), via the Suzuki coupling reaction, for use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Defect-free uniformly thin films of these polymers were found to be easily formed on indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. Multi-layer LEDs with ITO/PEDOT/Polymer/ LiF/Al configurations with or without an $Alq_3$ electron transport layer were fabricated with these polymers. The maximum EL emissions of Polymer-I and Polymer-II with an $Alq_3/LiF/Al$ cathode were observed at 516 and 533 nm, respectively. The maximum brightness and external luminance efficiency of the devices fabricated with the EL polymers were found to be $411 cd/m^2$ and 0.16 cd/A, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9283-9289
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• 2014

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and represents approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among those younger than 15 years of age. Materials and Methods: This study investigated alterations in the displacement loop (d-loop) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a risk factor and diagnostic biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Using mtDNA from 23 subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the first 450 bp of the d-loop region were amplified and successfully sequenced. Results: This revealed 132 mutations at 25 positions in this region, with a mean of 6 alterations per subject. The d-loop alterations in mtDNA in subjects were all identified as single nucleotide polymorphisms in a homoplasmic distribution pattern. Mutant alleles were observed in all subjects with individual frequency rates of up to 95%. Thirteen mutant alleles in the d-loop region of mtDNA occurred with a high frequency. Novel alleles and locations were also identified in the d-loop of mtDNA as follows: 89 G insertions (40%), 95 G insertions (13%), 182 C/T substitutions (5%), 308 C insertions (19%), and 311 C insertions (80%). The findings of this study need to be replicated to be confirmed. Conclusions: Further investigation of the relationship between mutations in mitochondrial d-loop genes and incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is recommended.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.703-715
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• 2015

One of the challenges to increase milk production in a large pasture-based herd with an automatic milking system (AMS) is to grow forages within a 1- km radius, as increases in walking distance increases milking interval and reduces yield. The main objective of this study was to explore sustainable forage option technologies that can supply high amount of grazeable forages for AMS herds using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. Three different basic simulation scenarios (with irrigation) were carried out using forage crops (namely maize, soybean and sorghum) for the spring-summer period. Subsequent crops in the three scenarios were forage rape over-sown with ryegrass. Each individual simulation was run using actual climatic records for the period from 1900 to 2010. Simulated highest forage yields in maize, soybean and sorghum- (each followed by forage rape-ryegrass) based rotations were 28.2, 22.9, and 19.3 t dry matter/ha, respectively. The simulations suggested that the irrigation requirement could increase by up to 18%, 16%, and 17% respectively in those rotations in El-Nino years compared to neutral years. On the other hand, irrigation requirement could increase by up to 25%, 23%, and 32% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in El-Nino years compared to La-Nina years. However, irrigation requirement could decrease by up to 8%, 7%, and 13% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in La-Nina years compared to neutral years. The major implication of this study is that APSIM models have potentials in devising preferred forage options to maximise grazeable forage yield which may create the opportunity to grow more forage in small areas around the AMS which in turn will minimise walking distance and milking interval and thus increase milk production. Our analyses also suggest that simulation analysis may provide decision support during climatic uncertainty.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.826-833
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• 2006

Previously, we synthesized and evaluated several benzofuran derivatives containing heterocyclic ring substituents linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2 by a two- to four-atom spacer as potential anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Among these derivatives, NSC 725612 and NSC 725716 exhibited interesting anti-HIV-1 activity. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, we synthesized several new benzofuran derivatives derived from 2-acetylbenzofuran (2, 3a-c) and 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran (6; 7a,b; 8a,b). The compounds were designed to comprise the heterocyclic substituents directly linked to the benzofuran nucleus at C-2. Moreover, various related benzimidazoles derived from 2-acetylbenzimidazole and from 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole (12a,b; 13a,b; 15; 16a,b) were also prepared as isosteres. The synthesized compounds were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV-1, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Compounds 2, 3a, 3b, and 12b showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity. Compound 6 exhibited mild activity against S. aureus, while compound 15 had mild activity towards S. aureus and C. albicans. However, no significant anticancer activity was observed with any of the tested compounds. From these results, we conclude that the presence of the spacer between the heterocyclic substituent and the benzofuran nucleus may be essential for the biological activity.